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ChrisBliss_2011X-_喜剧的翻译_
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| And whether it's the opening line from "One Hundred Years of Solitude " |
不管是《百年孤独》的开篇 |
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Solitude:n.孤独;隐居;荒僻的地方;
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| or the fantastical stream of consciousness in "Autumn of the Patriarch ," |
还是《族长没落》中的 魔幻意识流 |
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fantastical:adj.空想的;捕风捉影的; stream of consciousness:n.意识流文学; Patriarch:n.家长;族长;元老;创始人;
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| Which struck me as particularly remarkable during one session with the novel when I realized that I was being swept along on this remarkable, vivid journey in translation. |
感人肺腑的体验 在阅读小说的体验中 让我认识到自己正藉由翻译 来经历一次十分特殊又生动的 旅程 |
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particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会; novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说; swept:v.扫除(sweep的过去式和过去分词);adj.扫频的;
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| Now I was a comparative literature major in college, which is like an English major, only instead of being stuck studying Chaucer for three months, we got to read great literature in translation from around the world. |
在大学时我的专业是比较文学 这个专业与英文专业比较像 只不过我们不用花上三个月的时间研究乔叟 而是可以阅读全世界优秀文学作品的 翻译版本 |
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comparative:adj.比较的;相当的;n.比较级;对手; literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; Chaucer:n.乔叟(英国作家);
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| And as great as these books were, you could always tell that you were getting close to the full effect. |
这些书固然出色 但你也总是可以感觉到 翻译能够接近于原版完全的效果 |
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to the full:充分地;完全地;
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| So when I heard that the translator, Gregory Rabassa, had written his own book on the subject, |
所以,在知道这位译者Gregory Rabassa 自己写了一本关于翻译的书时 |
| I couldn't wait to read it. |
我迫不及待地去读了 |
| It's called apropos of the Italian adage that I lifted from his forward, "If This Be Treason ." |
这本书的书名来源于意大利的一句谚语 他在前言里提到 意思是“如果这是背叛” |
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apropos:adj.恰好的;适当的;adv.恰好地;适当地;恰当地;prep.关于; adage:n.格言,谚语;箴言; Treason:n.[法]叛国罪;不忠;
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| And it's a charming read. |
真是一次令人愉悦的阅读体验 |
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charming:adj.令人着迷的;吸引人的;v.吸引;迷住;控制,保护;(charm的现在分词)
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| It's highly recommended for anyone who's interested in the translator's art. |
我要极力推荐给 任何对翻译艺术感兴趣的人 |
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highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式)
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| But the reason that I mention it is that early on, Rabassa offers this elegantly simple insight : "Every act of communication is an act of translation." |
不过我提及这本书的原因是 Rabassa早前曾提出过 这样优雅简洁的见解 “每一次沟通的行为 都是一次翻译的行为” |
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elegantly:adv.优美地; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
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| Now maybe that's been obvious to all of you for a long time, but for me, as often as I'd encountered that exact difficulty on a daily basis, |
也许你们一直以来认为这是显而易见的 但是对于我来说 尽管每天都会遭遇 沟通上的困难 |
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obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; encountered:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的过去分词和过去式)
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| I had never seen the inherent challenge of communication in so crystalline a light. |
我也从没有看清沟通的这种内在挑战 （这句话）真是醍醐灌顶 |
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inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的; crystalline:adj.透明的;水晶般的;水晶制的;
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| Ever since I can remember thinking consciously about such things, communication has been my central passion . |
从我记忆中 能够有意识地思考开始 我就对沟通这一课题倾注了主要的激情 |
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consciously:adv.自觉地;有意识地; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
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| Even as a child, |
记得在孩提时代 |
| I remember thinking that what I really wanted most in life was to be able to understand everything and then to communicate it to everyone else. |
我就知道自己人生中真正想做的事 就是去理解所有的事物 然后去告诉所有的人 |
| So no ego problems. |
这可不是狂妄自大 |
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ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识;
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| It's funny, my wife, Daisy, whose family is littered with schizophrenics -- and I mean littered with them -- once said to me, "Chris, I already have a brother who thinks he's God. |
有趣的是,我妻子Daisy 她的娘家到处都是精神分裂症患者 我是说到处都是 曾经跟我说过:“Chris,我已经有了一个自认为是上帝的兄弟” |
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schizophrenics:adj.精神分裂症的;n.精神分裂症的患者;
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| I don't need a husband who wants to be." |
我不需要一个想成为上帝的丈夫 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Anyway, as I plunged through my 20s ever more aware of how unobtainable the first part of my childhood ambition was, it was that second part, being able to successfully communicate to others whatever knowledge I was gaining, where the futility of my quest really set in. |
后来,在我二十多岁的时候 我渐渐明白了 我那童年理想的前半部分是无法实现的 但是对于后半部分: 能偶成功地向他人传达 我自己获得的任何一种知识 无力感油然而生 |
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plunged:投入;跳进;使陷入;使投入(plunge的过去式和过去分词); unobtainable:adj.难获得的;不能得到的; childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 ambition:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负; futility:n.无用;徒劳;无价值; quest:n.追求;寻找;vi.追求;寻找;vt.探索;
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| Time after time , whenever I set out to share some great truth with a soon-to-be grateful recipient , it had the opposite effect. |
一次又一次 每当我开始跟别人分享一些伟大的真理 对方本该感到感激的 但结果往往适得其反 |
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Time after time:常常;反复;一次又一次;一再;两世奇人; soon-to-be:即将成为…的; recipient:n.容器,接受者;容纳者;adj.容易接受的,感受性强的;
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| Interestingly , when your opening line of communication is, "Hey, listen up, because I'm about to drop some serious knowledge on you," |
有趣的是,只要你的开场白是 嘿,听好了 我要传授给你一些严肃的知识 |
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Interestingly:adv.有趣地;
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| it's amazing how quickly you'll discover both ice and the firing squad . |
之后,快的超乎想象,你就能（在对方眼里） 发现一种混合了冰冷和杀意的眼神 |
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firing squad:abbr.(=firingparty);n.行刑队(对判死刑的犯人执行枪决);
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| Finally , after about 10 years of alienating friends and strangers alike, |
后来,在连续十年 无差别疏远朋友和陌生人之后 |
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Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; alienating:使疏远;离间;转让(alienate的现在分词);
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| I finally got it, a new personal truth all my own, that if I was going to ever communicate well with other people the ideas that I was gaining, |
我终于悟到了 这是很个人化的一个真理 如果要跟别人很好地传达 自己的想法 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| I'd better find a different way of going about it. |
我最好另辟蹊径 |
| And that's when I discovered comedy . |
就在这时候,我发现了喜剧 |
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comedy:n.喜剧;喜剧性;有趣的事情;
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| Now comedy travels along a distinct wavelength from other forms of language. |
喜剧的波段和其他种类的语言 截然不同 |
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distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; wavelength:n.[物]波长;
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| If I had to place it on an arbitrary spectrum , |
如果我把喜剧放在任意的一个光谱上 |
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arbitrary:adj.[数]任意的;武断的;专制的; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
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| I'd say it falls somewhere between poetry and lies. |
我想它的位置 介于诗歌和谎言之间 |
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poetry:n.诗;诗意,诗情;诗歌艺术;
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| And I'm not talking about all comedy here, because, clearly, there's plenty of humor that colors safely within the lines of what we already think and feel. |
在这里我说的不是所有的喜剧 因为,明显的,有许多的幽默 安全地待在我们日常的所知所感范围内 |
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humor:n.幽默;心情;情绪;脾气;v.迎合;迁就;
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| What I want to talk about is the unique ability that the best comedy and satire has at circumventing our ingrained perspectives -- comedy as the philosopher's stone. |
我说的是 那些最棒的喜剧和讽刺 它们独具一种绕开人们正常视角的能力 就像点金石一样 |
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unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; satire:n.讽刺;讽刺文学,讽刺作品; circumventing:n.失灵;v.绕行;使陷入圈套(circumvent的ing形式); ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式); perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
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| It takes the base metal of our conventional wisdom and transforms it through ridicule into a different way of seeing and ultimately being in the world. |
它们运用我们传统智慧的普通金属 通过滑稽的手段 转换成一种不一样的看法 甚至是一种不一样的存在 |
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base metal:n.贱金属; conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的; wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则; ridicule:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄;愚弄;n.嘲笑;笑柄;愚弄; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
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| Because that's what I take from the theme of this conference : Gained in Translation. |
因为这就是我 从这次大会的主题中得到的:翻译中的收获 |
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conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
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| That it's about communication that doesn't just produce greater understanding within the individual , but leads to real change. |
沟通 不仅能使个人自身产生 更好的理解 还能带来真正的改变 |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
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| Which in my experience means communication that manages to speak to and expand our concept of self-interest . |
根据我的经验 沟通能够对话和拓展 我们对于利己主义的概念 |
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expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; self-interest:n.私利;利己主义;
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| Now I'm big on speaking to people's self-interest because we're all wired for that. |
这会儿我自视甚高地谈论利己主义 因为我们天生利己 |
| It's part of our survival package, and that's why it's become so important for us, and that's why we're always listening at that level. |
这是我们求生本能中的一项 这是它之所以对我们如此重要的原因 也解释了为什么我们只有在事关自身利益的时候才会去聆听 |
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survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
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| And also because that's where, in terms of our own self-interest, we finally begin to grasp our ability to respond our repsonsibility to the rest of the world. |
同时 只有当符合自身利益时 我们才会开始 努力去回应 我们对于他人的责任 |
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grasp:n.抓住;理解;控制;v.抓住;领会; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
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| Now as to what I mean by the best comedy and satire, |
我认为最好的喜剧和讽刺究竟是什么样的呢 |
| I mean work that comes first and foremost from a place of honesty and integrity . |
首先,最重要的是 它们来源于真诚和正直 |
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first and foremost:首先;首要的是; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
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| Now if you think back on Tina Fey's impersonations on Saturday Night Live of the newly nominated vice presidential candidate |
回想一下 Tina Fey在“周末夜现场”（ Saturday Night Live）节目中 对新获提名的副总统候选人 |
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impersonations:n.扮演;模仿;装扮; nominated:v.提名;推荐;任命;指派;挑选;(nominate的过去式和过去分词) vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的;
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| Sarah Palin, they were devastating . |
Sarah Palin 那真是杀伤力十足 |
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devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词)
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| Fey demonstrated far more effectively than any political pundit the candidate's fundamental lack of seriousness , cementing an impression that the majority of the American public still holds today. |
Fey比任何一个政治权威人士都有效地表现了 这个候选人在严肃性上的缺失 大大加深了 大部分美国民众今天对于此事的印象 |
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demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式) pundit:n.博学者;梵文学者; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; seriousness:n.严重性;严肃;认真; cementing:n.胶接;粘合;凝结;v.用水泥涂(cement的现在分词); impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想; majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
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| And the key detail of this is that Fey's scripts weren't written by her and they weren't written by the SNL writers. |
这个关键的细节就是 Fey的剧本不是由她所作 也并非出自栏目组的写手 |
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scripts:n.原稿,手稿(script的复数形式);
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| They were lifted verbatim from Palin's own remarks . |
而是原封不动地 来源于Palin自己的说辞 |
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verbatim:adv.逐字地;adj.逐字的; remarks:n.评论(remark的复数);摘要;附注;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Here was a Palin impersonator quoting Palin word for word . |
这是一个Palin的模仿者 逐字逐句地引用Palin自己说过的话 |
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impersonator:n.演员;模拟艺人; quoting:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;(quote的现在分词) word for word:adj.逐字的;逐字翻译的;
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| Now that's honesty and integrity, and it's also why Fey's performances left such a lasting impression. |
这就是真诚和正直 这也是Fey的表演 之所以能历久弥新的原因 |
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performances:n.演出;[法]履行(performance的复数形式);
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| On the other side of the political spectrum, the first time that I heard Rush Limbaugh refer to presidential hopeful John Edwards as the Breck girl |
还有一个政治领域的例子 当我第一次听到Rush Limbaugh 把总统候选人John Edwards比作布雷克广告女郎（Breck Girl）的时候 |
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On the other side:另一面;在另一边; refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;
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| I knew that he'd made a direct hit. |
我就知道这段子会火 |
| Now it's not often that I'm going to associate the words honesty and integrity with Limbaugh, but it's really hard to argue with that punchline . |
我不常把Limbaugh 和真诚正直联系在一起 不过这句如珠妙语可真是无可争议 |
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associate:v.联合:联想:交往:adj.非正式的:副的:联合的:n.伙伴:同事: punchline:n.结尾警语;妙语如珠;
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| The description perfectly captured |
这个描述完美地刻画了 |
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description:n.说明;形容;描写(文字);类型; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
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| Edwards' personal vanity . |
Edwards的虚荣心 |
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vanity:n.虚荣心;空虚;浮华;无价值的东西;
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| And guess what? |
你猜怎么？ |
| That ended up being the exact personality trait that was at the core of the scandal that ended his political career . |
事实证明,就是他的这种性格特征 成为了终结他政治生涯的那件丑闻的核心原因 |
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personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色; trait:n.特性,特点;品质;少许; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; scandal:n.丑闻;流言蜚语;诽谤;公愤; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
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| Now The Daily Show with John Stewart is by far the most -- |
“约翰 –斯图尔特每日秀”（The Daily Show with John Steward） 是迄今为止最…… |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| it's by far the most well-documented example of the effectiveness of this kind of comedy. |
是迄今为止关于 此类喜剧的效力存档最为完整的例子 |
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well-documented:adj.证据充分的; effectiveness:n.效力;
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| Survey after survey, from Pew Research to the Annenberg Center for Public Policy , has found that Daily Show viewers are better informed about current events than the viewers of all major network and cable news shows. |
一个又一个的民意调查 从皮尤研究中心（ Pew Research）到安纳博格公共政策中心（Anneberg Center for Public Policy） 都发现“每日秀”的观众对于时事更了解 相比于网络和电视新闻的观众 |
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Survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; Policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式)
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| (Applause) |
（鼓掌声） |
| Now whether this says more about the conflict between integrity and profitability of corporate journalism than it does about the attentiveness of Stewart's viewers, the larger point remains that Stewart's material is always grounded in a commitment to the facts -- not because his intent is to inform. It's not. |
无论这个发现是说明了 公司新闻的真实性 和盈利性之间的冲突 还是说明了斯图尔特的观众的关注度 最重要的观点是 斯图尔特的创作素材 总是植根于真实事件 但他的目的不是告知,不是的。 |
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conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; profitability:n.赢利能力;收益性;利益率; corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志; attentiveness:n.注意力;专注; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; intent:n.意图;目的;含义;adj.专心的;急切的;坚决的;
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| His intent is to be funny. |
他的目的是搞笑。 |
| It just so happens that Stewart's brand of funny doesn't work unless the facts are true. |
斯图尔特的搞笑招牌 只在素材是真实的条件下才发挥作用 |
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brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印;
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| And the result is great comedy that's also an information delivery system that scores markedly higher in both credibility and retention than the professional news media . |
结论是,优秀的喜剧 也是一种信息传播系统 它在可靠性和记忆方面的得分 远远超过专业新闻媒体 |
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delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; markedly:adv.明显地;显著地;引人注目地; credibility:n.可信性;确实性; retention:n.保留;扣留,滞留;记忆力;闭尿; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
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| Now this is doubly ironic when you consider that what gives comedy its edge at reaching around people's walls is the way that it uses deliberate misdirection . |
这真是双重讽刺 想想喜剧之所以 能够触及人心 靠的是有意误导 |
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doubly:adv.双重地;加倍地;双摺地; ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的; what gives:出了什么事; deliberate:v.深思熟虑;仔细考虑;反复思考;adj.故意的;蓄意的;存心的;不慌不忙的; misdirection:n.指示错误,指导错误;写错信封地址;
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| A great piece of comedy is a verbal magic trick, where you think it's going over here and then all of a sudden you're transported over here. |
优秀的喜剧是语言的魔术 你以为它是往这儿走 但刹那间就出现在那儿 |
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verbal:adj.口头的;言语的;动词的;照字面的;n.动词的非谓语形式; all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式)
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| And there's this mental delight that's followed by the physical response of laughter, which, not coincidentally , releases endorphins in the brain. |
精神上的欢乐 引发了笑这种生理反应 并非巧合地 释放了脑内的内啡肽 |
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delight:n.高兴;vi.高兴;vt.使高兴; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; response:n.响应;反应;回答; coincidentally:adv.巧合地;一致地; releases:n.释放; vt.释放; endorphins:n.[生化]内啡肽;脑内啡;内腓呔;安多芬;
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| And just like that, you've been seduced into a different way of looking at something because the endorphins have brought down your defenses. |
这样,你就会被诱导着 从另一个角度看待问题 因为内啡肽能让人放下自我防卫 |
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seduced:v.诱奸;诱骗;唆使;(seduce的过去分词和过去式)
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| This is the exact opposite of the way that anger and fear and panic , all of the flight-or-fight responses , operate. |
这种作用机制 与愤怒、恐惧和惊慌 这类“逃跑或战斗”反应的作用机制正好相反 |
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panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措; responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
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| Flight-or-fight releases adrenalin , which throws our walls up sky-high . |
“逃跑或战斗”释放肾上腺素 将自我防卫的高墙推到天那么高 |
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adrenalin:n.肾上腺素; sky-high:adj.极高的;高昂的;adv.极高地;天一般高地;成碎片;
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| And the comedy comes along, dealing with a lot of the same areas where our defenses are the strongest -- race, religion, politics , sexuality -- only by approaching them through humor instead of adrenalin, we get endorphins |
而喜剧 涉及了许多 我们拥有最强自我防卫的领域 比如种族、宗教、政治、性 只有用幽默,而不是用肾上腺素 来接近这些领域,内啡肽 |
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politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力); approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词)
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| and the alchemy of laughter turns our walls into windows, revealing a fresh and unexpected point of view . |
和笑的魔力才会把自我防卫的高墙变成窗口 展现出一个意料之外的全新视角 |
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alchemy:n.点金术;魔力; revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词) unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的; point of view:观点;见地;立场;
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| Now let me give you an example from my act. |
让我给你们一个我自己的例子 |
| I have some material about the so-called radical gay agenda , which starts off by asking, how radical is the gay agenda? |
我手头上有一些 关于所谓“激进同性恋议程”的资料 开篇是问 “同性恋议程”到底有多激进？ |
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so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; agenda:n.议事日程;
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| Because from what I can tell, the three things gay Americans seem to want most are to join the military , get married and start a family. |
因为从我所了解到的,美国同性恋者最想做的三件事 就是入伍、结婚、和建立家庭 |
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military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Three things I've tried to avoid my entire life. |
这三件事我这辈子都不想做 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Have at it you radical bastards . The field is yours. |
放手去做吧,你们这些激进的混蛋。场地归你了 |
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bastards:n.[动,植]杂种;假冒品;劣货;粗劣的糖;(bastard的复数)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And that's followed by these lines about gay adoption : |
那份资料后面 提到了同性恋收养 |
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adoption:n.采用;收养;接受;
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| What is the problem with gay adoption? |
同性恋收养有什么问题？ |
| Why is this remotely controversial ? |
为什么会有轻微争议？ |
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remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地; controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的;
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| If you have a baby and you think that baby's gay, you should be allowed to put it up for adoption. |
如果你认为你的宝宝是个同性恋者 你应该被允许去让别人收养他/她 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| You have given birth to an abomination . |
你生了个让人憎恶的东西 |
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abomination:n.厌恶;憎恨;令人厌恶的事物;
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| Remove it from your household . |
它从你的家里赶出去 |
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household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
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| Now by taking the biblical epithet "abomination" |
把圣经用词“可憎之物” |
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biblical:adj.圣经的;依据圣经的(等于biblical); epithet:n.绰号;浑名;
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| and attaching it to the ultimate image of innocence , a baby, this joke short circuits the emotional wiring behind the debate and it leaves the audience with the opportunity, through their laughter, to question its validity . |
用到婴儿这种纯洁的终极化身上 这个笑话 让争论背后的情绪电线短路 留给听众一个机会,能够通过他们的笑声 去质疑这场争论的正确性 |
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attaching:v.把…固定,把…附(在…上);重视;参加,缠着;(attach的现在分词) innocence:n.清白,无罪;天真无邪; circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数) emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; validity:n.[计]有效性;正确;正确性;
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| Misdirection isn't the only trick that comedy has up its sleeve . |
误导可不是喜剧的 袖中所藏的唯一伎俩 |
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sleeve:n.袖子;套管;有…袖子的;唱片套;v.给…装袖子;
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| Economy of language is another real strong suit of great comedy. |
语言的节极致简约 是喜剧的另一件强有力的外衣 |
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Economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
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| There are few phrases that pack a more concentrated dose of subject and symbol than the perfect punchline. |
没有什么 比一个完美的笑点能集中 包含更多的题材和象征 |
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concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词) dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服;v.服药;给药;给…服药; symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
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| Bill Hicks -- and if you don't know his work, you should really Google him -- |
Bill Hicks,如果你不知道这个人的作品 你真的应该去google他 |
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Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
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| Hicks had a routine about getting into one of those childhood bragging contests on the playground, where finally the other kid says to him, "Huh? Well my dad can beat up your dad," |
Hicks表演中的一个惯例 是要提到他童年时代在操场上的吹牛比赛 有一个孩子冲他吼到 “我爸爸能揍扁你爸爸！” |
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bragging:v.吹嘘;自吹自擂;(brag的现在分词)
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| to which Hicks replies, "Really? How soon?" |
Hicks回答说 “真的？多快？” |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| That's an entire childhood in three words. |
整个童年 都浓缩在这几个字当中了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Not to mention what it reveals about the adult who's speaking them. |
更别提这句话透露出多少 关于那个对此侃侃而谈的成年人了 |
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Not to mention:更不必说;不必提及; reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数)
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| And one last powerful attribute that comedy has as communication is that it's inherently viral . |
最后,喜剧作为一种沟通方式 还有一个强大的属性 那就是它内在的扩散性 |
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attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性; inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地; viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的;
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| People can't wait to pass along that new great joke. |
人们迫不及待地 传播新的好笑话 |
| And this isn't some new phenomenon of our wired world. |
这在现代社会可不是什么新生现象 |
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phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
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| Comedy has been crossing country with remarkable speed way before the Internet, social media, even cable TV. |
喜剧早就能以惊人的速度 跨越国境了 早在我们有互联网、社交媒体 甚至是有线电视之前 |
| Back in 1980 when comedian Richard Pryor accidentally set himself on fire during a freebasing accident, |
在1980年 喜剧演员Richard Pryor不小心烧到了自己 在一次活动中 |
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comedian:n.滑稽演员;喜剧演员; Pryor:一种熏干的烟草; accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; freebasing:n.吸食精炼可卡因; v.加热精炼(可卡因); (freebase的现在分词)
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| I was in Los Angeles the day after it happened and then I was in Washington D.C. two days after that. |
我在事件发生的第二天在洛杉矶 两天后到达华盛顿特区 |
| And I heard the exact same punchline on both coasts -- something about the Ignited Negro College Fund. |
我在东西海岸听到的笑点一模一样 着火的黑人大学基金 |
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Ignited:v.(使)燃烧,着火;点燃;(ignite的过去分词和过去式) Negro:n.黑人;adj.黑人的;
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| Clearly, it didn't come out of a Tonight Show monologue . |
明显的,它不是出自“今夜秀”（Tonight Show）的独白 |
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monologue:n.独白;
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| And my guess here -- and I have no research on this -- is that if you really were to look back at it and if you could research it, you'd find out that comedy is the second oldest viral profession. |
我猜想——没有验证过—— 如果你真的回过头去做些研究 你会发现喜剧 是第二古老的传播性质的职业 |
| First there were drums and then knock-knock jokes. |
最早是鼓乐 然后就是敲门笑话（谐音笑话）了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But it's when you put all of these elements together -- when you get the viral appeal of a great joke with a powerful punchline that's crafted from honesty and integrity, it can have a real world impact at changing a conversation. |
当你把具备了所有的要素 你有了一个适合传播的好笑话 一个来自真诚和正直、 精心安排的有力笑点 就能够拥有 改变对谈的真正效用 |
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elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) appeal:n.上诉;吸引力;申诉;魅力;v.上诉;呼吁;申诉;恳求; crafted:adj.精心制作的;v.精巧地制作(craft的过去分词); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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| Now I have a close friend, Joel Pett, who's the editorial cartoonist for the Lexington Herald-Leader. |
我有一个好朋友,名叫Joel Pett 他是一名社论漫画家 为《列克星顿先驱领袖报》工作 |
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Joel:n.约珥(圣经人物);(圣经中的)约耳书; editorial:adj.编辑的;社论的;n.社论; cartoonist:n.漫画家; Lexington:n.列克星敦市(位于美国肯塔基州);
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| And he used to be the USA Today Monday morning guy. |
他曾经为《今日美国》（USA TODAY）早报周一版工作 |
| I was visiting with Joel the weekend before the Copenhagen conference on climate change opened in December of 2009. |
我和Joel一起去了哥本哈根 就在气候大会召开的一个星期前 2009年12月 |
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Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都);
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| And Joel was explaining to me that, because USA Today was one of America's four papers of record, it would be scanned by virtually everyone in attendance at the conference, |
Joel跟我解释说 因为《今日美国》 是全美发行量最高的四份报纸之一 基本上大会的每一个参加者都会读到 |
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virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; attendance:n.出席;到场;出席人数;
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| which meant that, if he hit it out of the park with his cartoon on Monday, the opening day of the conference, it could get passed around at the highest level among actual decision-makers. |
这就意味着,如果他能画出轰动的作品 在周一,也就是大会的第一天出版 就可能让大会最高层人士 也就是真正的决策者看到 |
| So we started talking about climate change. |
于是我们开始讨论气候变化 |
| And it turned out that Joel and I were both bothered by the same thing, which was how so much of the debate was still focused on the science and how complete it was or wasn't, which, to both of us, seems somewhat intentionally off point. |
结果Joel和我两人 都为同一件事烦恼 太多的争论 都集中在科学方面 技术够不够完善 我俩觉得 这是离题的 |
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bothered:adj.烦(恼)的; v.使(某人)烦恼; somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微; intentionally:adv.故意地,有意地;
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| Because first of all , there's this false premise that such a thing as complete science exists. |
因为,首先,这里有一个错误的前提 是完美的科学是存在的 |
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first of all:adv.首先; premise:n.前提;假定;v.假定;预述(条件等);引导(论述等);;
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| Now Governor Perry of my newly-adopted state of Texas was pushing this same line this past summer at the beginning of his oops-fated campaign for the Republican presidential nomination , |
德克萨斯州长佩里（Perry） 在去年夏天说过一模一样的话 在他那注定失败的 共和党总统提名选举伊始 |
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Perry:n.梨酒; at the beginning of:在…的开始; Republican:adj.共和国的;共和政体的;共和主义的;拥护共和政体的;n.共和主义者; nomination:n.任命,提名;提名权;
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| proclaiming over and over that the science wasn't complete at the same time that 250 out of 254 counties in the state of Texas were on fire. |
他就一遍遍地重申科学还不够完善 同时德州有250个县 ——德州统共有254个县—— 发生了火灾 |
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proclaiming:v.宣布;声明;明确显示;表明;(proclaim的现在分词) over and over:反复;再三; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; counties:n.郡,县;(county的复数)
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| And Perry's policy solution was to ask the people of Texas to pray for rain. |
佩里的对应政策是 让德州民众 祈求降雨 |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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| Personally , I was praying for four more fires so we could finally complete the damn science. |
就我自己而言,我祈祷的内容是让剩下的那4个县也着火吧 这样那该死的科学就完善了 |
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Personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But back in 2009, the question Joel and I kept turning over and over was why this late in the game so much energy was being spent talking about the science |
回到2009年 Joel和我反复思考的问题是 为什么事到如今 还要花那么多精力来讨论科学 |
| when the policies necessary to address climate change were unequivocally beneficial for humanity in the long run regardless of the science. |
而气候政策要解决的问题 无疑是人类长期的利益 其中无所谓科学 |
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policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) unequivocally:明确地; beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; in the long run:长远;终究; regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
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| So we tossed it back and forth until Joel came up with this. |
我们反复讨论,最终Joel画出了这幅作品 |
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tossed:v.扔,抛,掷;甩;(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;(toss的过去分词和过去式) back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的;
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| Cartoon: " What if it's a big hoax and we create a better world for nothing?" |
漫画:“假使这是一场大骗局,我们就会徒然创造一个更好的世界？” |
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What if:如果…怎么办?
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| You've got to love that idea. |
你会爱上这个创意 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌声） |
| How about that? How about we create a better world for nothing? |
我们何不努力让世界变好,而不为了什么？ |
| Not for God, not for country, not for profit -- just as a basic metric for global decision-making . |
不为上帝,不为国家,不为利益 只是作为一种全球性决策的基本标准 |
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metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; decision-making:n.决策;
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| And this cartoon hit the bull's eye. |
这幅漫画直击要害 |
| Shortly after the conference was over, |
在大会结束不久后 |
| Joel got a request for a signed copy from the head of the EPA in Washington whose wall it now hangs on. |
Joel收到一个索取签名副本的请求 来自于华盛顿州环境保护局局长 而这幅画现在还挂墙上 |
| And not long after that, he got another request for a copy from the head of the EPA in California who used it as part of her presentation at an international conference on climate change in Sacramento last year. |
又过了没多久,加州环保局也来 索取了一份拷贝 用于局长的演讲 在一次国际气候会议上 去年在萨克拉门托 |
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presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; Sacramento:n.萨克拉门托(美国加州首府);
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| And it didn't stop there. |
还不止这些 |
| To date, Joel's gotten requests from over 40 environmental groups, in the United States, Canada and Europe. |
至今为止,Joel收到了来自40多个环境组织的请求 来自美国、加拿大和欧洲 |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| And earlier this year, he got a request from the Green Party in Australia who used it in their campaign where it became part of the debate that resulted in the Australian parliament adopting the most rigorous carbon tax regime of any country in the world. |
今年早些时候 澳大利亚绿党向他索要拷贝 用于他们的宣传活动 引发热烈的讨论 最终让澳大利亚国会 采取了新的碳排放税收制度 是全世界最苛刻的 |
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parliament:n.议会,国会; adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词) rigorous:adj.严格的,严厉的;严密的;严酷的; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
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| (Applause) |
（鼓掌声） |
| That is a lot of punch for 14 words. |
这14个单词 可真够强劲的 |
| So my suggestion to those of you out here who are seriously focused on creating a better world is to take a little bit of time each day and practice thinking funny, because you might just find the question that you've been looking for. |
我对于你们这些 认真考虑地球未来的人有一个建议 那就是每天花上一点时间 练习一下用喜剧思维来思考 因为你很可能就此找到一直在追寻的问题所在 |
| Thank you. |
感谢各位 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌声） |