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CharmianGooch_2013G-_认识世界级贪腐的幕后黑手_
When we talk about corruption , there are typical types of individuals that spring to mind. 当我们谈论腐败时, 有几类典型的人会映入脑海。
corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
There's the former Soviet megalomaniacs . 例如前苏联的自大狂。
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; megalomaniacs:n.夸大狂患者;妄自尊大的人;adj.夸大狂的;
Saparmurat Niyazov, he was one of them. 萨帕尔穆拉特 · 尼亚佐夫(Saparmurat Niyazov)就是其中一个。
Until his death in 2006, he was the all-powerful leader of Turkmenistan, a Central Asian country rich in natural gas . 直至2006 年他去世之前, 他一直是土库曼斯坦最有权利的领袖, 这是一个中亚国家,天然气丰富。
all-powerful:adj.全能的; natural gas:n.天然气;
Now, he really loved to issue presidential decrees . 他很爱颁布总统令。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; decrees:n.[法]法令; v.颁布;
And one renamed the months of the year including after himself and his mother. 其中之一是他曾经更改月份的名字 包括用他本人和他母亲的名字取而代之。
renamed:v.重新命名;给…改名;(rename的过去分词和过去式)
He spent millions of dollars creating a bizarre personality cult , and his crowning glory was the building of a 40-foot-high gold-plated statue of himself 他花了数百万美元 建立了一个怪诞的个人崇拜, 他至高无上的荣耀是 为自己修建了一座40英尺高的镀金雕像
bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等); personality cult:n.个人迷信;个人崇拜; crowning glory:无上光荣;至高荣耀;无上的光荣;至高无上的光荣; gold-plated:adj.镀金的; statue:n.雕像;塑像;铸像;v.用雕像装饰;
which stood proudly in the capital's central square and rotated to follow the sun. 这个雕像傲然屹立于该国首都的中心广场 并能随太阳旋转。
proudly:傲慢地 rotated:adj.旋转的;v.旋转;使…转动;循环(rotate的过去分词);
He was a slightly unusual guy. 他是个有点异常的人。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
And then there's that cliché, the African dictator or minister or official . 另一个就是老生常谈的人物, 被称为非洲的独裁者、部长或官员。
dictator:n.独裁者;命令者; minister:n.部长;大臣;牧师;vi.执行牧师职务;辅助或伺候某人; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
There's Teodorín Obiang. 特奥多罗·奥比昂(Teodorin Obiang)。
So his daddy is president for life of Equatorial Guinea , a West African nation that has exported billions of dollars of oil since the 1990s and yet has a truly appalling human rights record. 他父亲是赤道几内亚的终身总统 这是一个西非国家, 自从1990 年代以来,已出口了数十亿美元的石油, 但该国也有着骇人听闻的人权记录。
Equatorial:adj.赤道的,近赤道的;中纬线的;n.赤道仪; Guinea:n.几内亚;基尼(英国旧时金币名); exported:v.[贸易]出口;输出(export的过去分词);adj.出口的; appalling:adj.可怕的;令人震惊的;v.使惊愕;惊吓;(appal的现在分词)
The vast majority of its people are living in really miserable poverty despite an income per capita that's on a par with that of Portugal. 绝大多数老百姓都 生活于非常悲惨的贫困中 尽管其人均收入相当于 葡萄牙。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: miserable:adj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; per capita:adj.每人的;人均的; par:n.标准;票面价值;平均数量;adj.标准的;票面的;
So Obiang junior , well, he buys himself a $30 million mansion in Malibu, California. 在加利福尼亚州的马里布买了一栋3000万美元的豪宅。
junior:n.青少年;职位较低者;adj.青少年的;地位低下的; mansion:n.大厦;宅邸;
I've been up to its front gates. 我到过那豪宅的大门前。
I can tell you it's a magnificent spread. 可以说,那真是气势恢宏。
magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的;
He bought an €18 million art collection that used to belong to fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent , a stack of fabulous sports cars, some costing a million dollars apiece -- oh, and a Gulfstream jet, too. 他买了价值1800 万欧元的艺术收藏品 该收藏品原属于时装设计师伊夫 · 圣洛朗(YSL), 小奥比昂还有多辆豪华跑车, 有些车单价超过100 万美金 哦,他还有一驾湾流喷气机。
fashion designer:n.时装设计师; Saint:n.圣人;圣徒;道德崇高的人;adj.神圣的;v.成为圣徒; Laurent:n.劳伦(法国数学家); stack:n.堆栈;一摞;大量;许多;v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞,一堆); fabulous:adj.难以置信的;传说的,寓言中的;极好的; apiece:adv.每人;每个;各自地;
Now get this: 现在我们来看看:
Until recently , he was earning an official monthly salary of less than 7,000 dollars. 直到最近,他官方的月薪 仅有不到7,000 美元。
recently:adv.最近;新近; monthly:n.月刊:adv.每个月:每月一次:adj.每月的:
And there's Dan Etete. 还有另一位丹·埃泰特(Dan Etete)
Well, he was the former oil minister of Nigeria under President Abacha, and it just so happens he's a convicted money launderer too. 他是尼日利亚的前石油部长 隶属于阿巴查（Abacha）总统政府 丹·埃泰特也恰巧被定罪洗黑钱。
convicted:v.定罪;宣判…有罪;(convict的过去式和过去分词) launderer:n.洗衣工;
We've spent a great deal of time investigating a $1 billion -- that's right, a $1 billion — oil deal that he was involved with, and what we found was pretty shocking, but more about that later. 我们花了大量的时间 针对10亿美金— — 是的,10 亿美金的一笔交易进行追查— — 这是他所参与的石油交易的金额 结果非常令人震惊, 我们稍后再谈这个吧。
a great deal of:大量; investigating:v.调查;研究;审查;(investigate的现在分词) involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
So it's easy to think that corruption happens somewhere over there, carried out by a bunch of greedy despots and individuals up to no good in countries that we, personally , may know very little about and feel really unconnected to and unaffected by what might be going on. 所以,我们很容易就下结论认为 腐败发生在那边, 被一群贪婪的专制统治者 和对国家无一益处的腐败者把持着 这些,对我们来说,可能是知之甚少的 感觉真得和自己没什么关系 而且我们也没受什么影响。
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; despots:n.专制君主,暴君;独裁者; up to no good:不怀好意;图谋不轨;惹事生非; personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; unconnected:adj.不连接的;无关联的; unaffected:adj.不受影响的;自然的;真挚的;不矫揉造作的;
But does it just happen over there? 但腐败仅仅只发生在那边吗？
Well, at 22, I was very lucky. 在我22岁时,我非常幸运。
My first job out of university was investigating the illegal trade in African ivory. 我大学毕业后的第一份工作 是调查非洲象牙非法贸易。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
And that's how my relationship with corruption really began. 那是我参与反腐的开始。
In 1993, with two friends who were colleagues , 1993 年,我与两个朋友,也是我同事,
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley , we set up an organization called Global Witness . 西蒙 · 泰勒（Simon Taylor）和帕特里克· 埃里(Patrick Alley) 一起成立了一个组织叫做“全球见证”(Global Witness)。
Alley:n.小巷;小路;小径; organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; Witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证;
Our first campaign was investigating the role of illegal logging in funding the war in Cambodia . 我们第一次行动就是调查 非法伐木在柬埔寨战争的资助方面所扮演的角色。
logging:n.伐木作业;v.把…载入正式记录;记录;采伐;(log的现在分词) funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲);
So a few years later, and it's now 1997, and I'm in Angola undercover investigating blood diamonds. 几年后,1997 年, 我在安哥拉秘密调查血钻。
undercover:adj.秘密工作的;暗中做的;私下进行的;
Perhaps you saw the film, the Hollywood film "Blood Diamond," 也许你看过 好莱坞电影 血钻 ,
the one with Leonardo DiCaprio. 莱昂纳多 · 迪卡普里奥主演的。
Well, some of that sprang from our work. 电影的部分情节是根据我们的调查而来的。
Luanda, it was full of land mine victims who were struggling to survive on the streets and war orphans living in sewers under the streets, and a tiny, very wealthy elite who gossiped about shopping trips to Brazil and Portugal. 罗安达,到处都是地雷受害者 他们在街上挣扎求生 战争孤儿生活在街道下的下水道中 极少部分富裕的精英们 在闲谈着到巴西和葡萄牙的购物之旅。
orphans:n.孤儿(orphan的复数);v.成为孤儿(orphan的三单形式); sewers:n.排水沟,[建]下水道; v.为…铺设污水管道(sewer的第三人称单数形式); elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物; gossiped:v.说三道四;传播流言飞语;(gossip的过去式) Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
And it was a slightly crazy place. 那是一个相当疯狂的地方。
So I'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy hotel room feeling just totally overwhelmed . 所以我坐在一个非常闷热的酒店客房 感觉完全不知所措。
stuffy:adj.闷热的;古板的;不通气的; overwhelmed:v.受打击,压倒;淹没;(overwhelm的过去分词和过去式)
But it wasn't about blood diamonds. 但这和血钻无关。
Because I'd been speaking to lots of people there who, well, they talked about a different problem: that of a massive web of corruption on a global scale and millions of oil dollars going missing. 因为我和当地许多人都交流过 他们谈到另一个不同的问题: 在全球范围内一个巨大规模的腐败网 以及与石油相关的数以百万美金不知去向。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
And for what was then a very small organization of just a few people, trying to even begin to think how we might tackle that was an enormous challenge. 对于一个只有几个人 的组织来说, 试图思考我们怎样解决这个问题 真是一个巨大的挑战。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
And in the years that I've been, and we've all been campaigning and investigating, 在这些年, 我们一直在行动和调查,
I've repeatedly seen that what makes corruption on a global, massive scale possible, well it isn't just greed or the misuse of power or that nebulous phrase "weak governance ." 我一次又一次看到, 是什么让腐败在全球巨大的范围内发生, 这不仅仅是贪婪或权力滥用 或用含糊不清的 无能治理 可以解释的。
repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地; misuse:vt.滥用;误用;虐待;n.滥用;误用;虐待; nebulous:adj.朦胧的;星云的,星云状的; governance:n.管理;统治;支配;
I mean, yes, it's all of those, but corruption, it's made possible by the actions of global facilitators . 我的意思是,刚刚提到的都是原因, 但是腐败,之所以出现 是因为全球协调者的所作所为导致的。
facilitators:n.辅助商;服务性企业;促进者;
So let's go back to some of those people I talked about earlier. 所以让我们谈谈我之前提到过的那些人。
Now, they're all people we've investigated , and they're all people who couldn't do what they do alone. 他们都是我们调查过的 而且他们不可能单独靠自己就能做出那些事的。
investigated:v.侦查;调查;研究;(investigate的过去分词和过去式)
Take Obiang junior. Well, he didn't end up with high-end art and luxury houses without help. 以小奥比昂（Obiang junior）为例。 没有协助的话,他是无法获得那些高端艺术品和豪宅的。
high-end:adj.高端的;高档的; luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
He did business with global banks. 他与全球的银行有来往。
A bank in Paris held accounts of companies controlled by him, one of which was used to buy the art, and American banks, well, they funneled 73 million dollars into the States, some of which was used to buy that California mansion. 在巴黎的一家银行拥有由他控制的公司的帐户, 他就是用其中一个账号来购买艺术品的, 他和美国的银行也有来往, 令他把7300 万美金汇到了美国, 他用其中一些钱购买了加州豪宅。
funneled:adj.漏斗形的; v.经过或流过漏斗(funnel的过去式和过去分词);
And he didn't do all of this in his own name either. 而且他并不是用自己的名字行事的。
He used shell companies. 他用空壳公司。
shell:n.壳;炮弹;壳层;骨架;v.脱壳;剥壳;采集贝壳;用壳体包被;short.shewill;
He used one to buy the property, and another, which was in somebody else's name, to pay the huge bills it cost to run the place. 他用一个空壳公司购买豪宅, 另一个在其他人名下, 用来支付豪宅生活所需的巨额账单。
And then there's Dan Etete. 再有丹·埃泰特（Dan Etete）。
Well, when he was oil minister, he awarded an oil block now worth over a billion dollars to a company that, guess what, yeah, he was the hidden owner of. 当他是石油部长的时候, 他将一块现在价值超过10 亿美金油田授予了一个公司 是的,你猜怎么着, 他是那公司的幕后老板。
Now, it was then much later traded on with the kind assistance of the Nigerian government -- now I have to be careful what I say here — to subsidiaries of Shell and the Italian Eni, two of the biggest oil companies around. 现在,这公司 在尼日利亚政府的协助下 现在我得小心地在这里说 — — 它与壳牌石油公司和意大利埃尼石油公司的子公司进行了交易, 这是那里最大的两家石油公司。
subsidiaries:n.子公司;下属公司(subsidiary的复数);
So the reality is, is that the engine of corruption, well, it exists far beyond the shores of countries like Equatorial Guinea or Nigeria or Turkmenistan. 因此事实是,这个腐败的引擎, 它远远不止只在这些国家存在 像赤道几内亚共和国,尼日利亚,或者土库曼斯坦。
This engine, well, it's driven by our international banking system, by the problem of anonymous shell companies, and by the secrecy that we have afforded big oil, gas and mining operations, 这个引擎被驱动着, 这包括,我们的国际银行系统, 那些匿名的空壳公司, 和我们所给予的那些 大型石油、 天然气和采矿经营的隐秘的权利,
anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的; secrecy:n.保密;秘密;隐蔽; afforded:vt.给予,提供;买得起;
and, most of all, by the failure of our politicians to back up their rhetoric and do something really meaningful and systemic to tackle this stuff. 而且最重要的,还有我们的政客 他们无法兑现那些花言巧语, 也拿不出真正有意义的和系统性的行动来应对腐败。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的;
Now let's take the banks first. 现在让我们先看看银行。
Well, it's not going to come as any surprise for me to tell you that banks accept dirty money, but they prioritize their profits in other destructive ways too. 我要告诉你们银行会收脏钱 我想你们不会觉得惊讶。 但他们也用其他具有破坏性的方式优先处理他们的利润。
prioritize:v.按重要性排列;划分优先顺序;优先处理; profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的;
For example, in Sarawak, Malaysia. 例如,在马来西亚沙捞越。
Now this region , it has just five percent of its forests left intact . Five percent. 现在这个区域, 只有5 %的森林是完好无损。5%啊。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的;
So how did that happen? 怎么会这样呢？
Well, because an elite and its facilitators have been making millions of dollars from supporting logging on an industrial scale for many years. 因为一个精英和其主事者们 多年来, 一直支持伐木工业的规模化发展 来赚取数百万的美元。
industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票;
So we sent an undercover investigator in to secretly film meetings with members of the ruling elite, and the resulting footage , well, it made some people very angry, and you can see that on YouTube, but it proved what we had long suspected , because it showed how the state's chief minister, despite his later denials , used his control over land and forest licenses to enrich himself and his family. 所以我们派出卧底调查员 秘密地录下了与管理层成员的会议过程, 这段录影让有些人非常生气, 你可以在 youtube 上看到。 但它证明了我们长期以来的怀疑, 因为这段录影证实了这个州长, 尽管他后来加以否认, 通过他对土地和森林的许可证的控制 为自己和家人牟利。
investigator:n.研究者;调查者;侦查员; footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度; suspected:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的过去分词和过去式) denials:n.否认;拒绝;节制;背弃; licenses:n.许可(license的复数);授权;v.允许(license的三单形式); enrich:v.充实;使丰富;使富有;使富裕;
And HSBC, well, we know that HSBC bankrolled the region's largest logging companies that were responsible for some of that destruction in Sarawak and elsewhere . 汇丰银行（HSBC）,好吧,我们知道汇丰银行 给该地区最大的几家伐木公司提供资金 对于这些公司在沙捞越和其他地方的破坏行为 汇丰银行脱不了干系。
bankrolled:v.资助;提供资金给;(bankroll的过去分词和过去式) responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
The bank violated its own sustainability policies in the process , but it earned around 130 million dollars. 汇丰违反了它自己的可持续发展政策, 但它赚了大约 1 亿 3000 万美金。
violated:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等); (violate的过去分词和过去式) sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Now shortly after our exposé, very shortly after our exposé earlier this year, the bank announced a policy review on this. 在我们曝光这件事不久, 就在我们今年早些时候曝光不久, 汇丰对外宣布关于这件事他们要重新审议公司政策。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
And is this progress? Maybe, but we're going to be keeping a very close eye on that case. 这是进步吗？也许是, 但我们会对此案件 保持密切关注。
And then there's the problem of anonymous shell companies. 然后我们看看匿名空壳公司的问题。
Well, we've all heard about what they are, I think, and we all know they're used quite a bit by people and companies who are trying to avoid paying their proper dues to society, also known as taxes. 我想,我们都听说他们, 我们都知道一些人和一些公司 利用空壳公司来试图逃避 对社会应尽的责任, 也就是税。
But what doesn't usually come to light is how shell companies are used to steal huge sums of money, transformational sums of money, from poor countries. 但是,通常不为人知的是 如何利用空壳公司窃取庞大的金钱 大笔大笔的金钱被洗白之后 从贫穷的国家转出。
sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数) transformational:adj.转换的;改变的;转换生成的;
In virtually every case of corruption that we've investigated, shell companies have appeared, and sometimes it's been impossible to find out who is really involved in the deal. 在我们调查过的几乎每一个腐败案件中, 都有空壳公司的参与, 而且,有时我们无法找出 谁真正参与了交易。
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上;
A recent study by the World Bank looked at 200 cases of corruption. 最近世界银行有项研究 在200 例腐败案件中,
World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构);
It found that over 70 percent of those cases had used anonymous shell companies, totaling almost 56 billion dollars. 70%以上的案件 使用了匿名的空壳公司, 涉案金额总计达560 亿美元。
totaling:v.总计(total的ing形式);计算…的总数;
Now many of these companies were in America or the United Kingdom , its overseas territories and Crown dependencies , and so it's not just an offshore problem, it's an on-shore one too. 现在,许多这样的公司是在美国 或在英国, 在海外领土和英国皇家属地, 所以这并不仅仅是一个境外的问题, 这也发生在我们境内。
United Kingdom:n.英国; overseas:adv.在海外,海外;adj.海外的,国外的; territories:n.地区;领土;边疆区(territory的复数); dependencies:n.依赖性,相关性;管理; offshore:adj.离岸的;[海洋]近海的;吹向海面的;adv.向海面,向海;
You see, shell companies, they're central to the secret deals which may benefit wealthy elites rather than ordinary citizens. 你看,空壳公司,他们是这些秘密交易的核心 这些交易可能使富裕精英们受益 但普通公民并未受益。
elites:n.精英(elite的复数);
One striking recent case that we've investigated is how the government in the Democratic Republic of Congo sold off a series of valuable , state-owned mining assets to shell companies in the British Virgin Islands. 我们最近调查了一个引人注目的案件 是刚果民主共和国的政府 如何将一系列的宝贵的国有矿业资产 卖给了英属维尔京群岛的空壳公司。
Democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; state-owned:adj.国有的;国营的;州立的; assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) Virgin:n.处女;童男;无…经验的人;新手;
So we spoke to sources in country, trawled through company documents and other information trying to piece together a really true picture of the deal. 我们与刚果的线人谈话, 搜罗公司文件和其他信息, 尝试拼凑出这笔交易的真实模样。
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) trawled:n.拖网;排钩;vi.用拖网捕鱼;vt.用拖网捕鱼; piece together:拼凑;
And we were alarmed to find that these shell companies had quickly flipped many of the assets on for huge profits to major international mining companies listed in London. 我们都震惊地发现,这些空壳公司 快速地将许多资产转卖给了 在伦敦上市的大型国际矿业公司 以此赚取丰厚利润。
flipped:v.(使)快速翻转;按(开关);轻掷;(flip的过去分词和过去式)
Now, the Africa Progress Panel , led by Kofi Annan, they've calculated that Congo may have lost more than 1.3 billion dollars from these deals. 现在,由科菲 · 安南（Kofi Annan）领导的非洲进步小组（Africa Progress Panel）, 已经计算出刚果可能因这些交易损失了 超过13 亿美金。
Panel:n.镶板;仪表盘;钣金;(衣服上的)镶条;v.镶板(用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰);
That's almost twice the country's annual health and education budget combined. 这几乎是 该国每年的健康和教育预算总和的两倍。
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
And will the people of Congo, will they ever get their money back? 那么刚果的人民,他们能把自己的钱拿回来吗？
Well, the answer to that question, and who was really involved and what really happened, well that's going to probably remain locked away in the secretive company registries of the British Virgin Islands and elsewhere unless we all do something about it. 这个问题的答案, 谁真正参与了,以及到底发生了什么, 除非我们能采取些行动,否则这一切可能都将被封存在 英属维尔京群岛注册的神秘公司那里 和其他什么地方。
secretive:adj.秘密的;偷偷摸摸的;促进分泌的; registries:登记;注册;
And how about the oil, gas and mining companies? 那么,石油、 天然气和采矿公司又是怎样的？
Okay, maybe it's a bit of a cliché to talk about them. 好吧,也许这有点老生常谈。
Corruption in that sector , no surprise. 在这些产业发生贪腐一点都不奇怪。
sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形;
There's corruption everywhere, so why focus on that sector? 到处都有贪腐,那么为什么要关注这些产业?
Well, because there's a lot at stake . 因为这里涉及很多利益。
stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
In 2011, natural resource exports outweighed aid flows by almost 19 to one in Africa, Asia and Latin America . Nineteen to one. 2011 年,在非洲、 亚洲和拉丁美洲 天然资源的出口与援助资金的比例相差极为悬殊 几乎是19:1。
resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); exports:n.出口商品;输出额; outweighed:v.重于;大于;超过;(outweigh的过去分词和过去式) Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区);
Now that's a hell of a lot of schools and universities and hospitals and business startups , many of which haven't materialized and never will because some of that money has simply been stolen away. 这严重损害了很多学校,大学, 医院和创业公司的利益, 他们根本得不到实际的资金支持而且也永远得不到 因为那些支援的经费已经被轻而易举地盗走了。
startups:n.创业(startup的复数);开办; materialized:使成真;实现;使物质化,使具体化(materialize的过去式和过去分词);
Now let's go back to the oil and mining companies, and let's go back to Dan Etete and that $1 billion deal. 现在让我们回到石油和矿业公司, 让我们重新谈谈丹·埃泰特和那10 亿美金的交易。
And now forgive me, I'm going to read the next bit because it's a very live issue, and our lawyers have been through this in some detail and they want me to get it right. 现在请原谅我,我要照着纸条念, 因为这是一个现场的演说,我们的律师 查阅过相关的法律条文 所以他们希望我不要有任何口误。
forgive:v.原谅;免除(债务,义务等);
Now, on the surface, the deal appeared straightforward . 现在,表面上,这笔交易看来很简单。
straightforward:adj.简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的;adv.直截了当地;坦率地;
Subsidiaries of Shell and Eni paid the Nigerian government for the block. 壳牌和埃尼集团的子公司 付钱给尼日利亚政府购买了那块油田。
The Nigerian government transferred precisely the same amount, to the very dollar, to an account earmarked for a shell company whose hidden owner was Etete. 尼日利亚政府将收到的钱 以完全一样的金额,以美元的方式转给了 一个空壳公司的一个专用帐户 这公司背后的老板是埃泰特。
transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) earmarked:v.指定…的用途;预先安排,确定;(earmark的过去式和过去分词)
Now, that's not bad going for a convicted money launderer. 对这个被定罪的洗钱犯来说这笔交易可真不赖啊。
And here's the thing. 但现在的问题是
After many months of digging around and reading through hundreds of pages of court documents, we found evidence that, in fact, 经过数月的挖掘 和对数百页法庭文件的阅读 我们发现了证据,
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
Shell and Eni had known that the funds would be transferred to that shell company, and frankly, it's hard to believe they didn't know who they were really dealing with there. 事实上,壳牌公司和埃尼集团早就知道这些资金 将被转到那个空壳公司, 坦白说,很难相信他们不知道 他们是真得在和谁做交易。
funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金;
Now, it just shouldn't take these sorts of efforts to find out where the money in deals like this went. 而现在,不应该花费种种的努力 去找出这些交易的金钱去哪儿了。
I mean, these are state assets. 我的意思是,这些都是国有资产。
They're supposed to be used for the benefit of the people in the country. 他们本应该用于造福 这个国家的人民。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) for the benefit of:为…的利益;
But in some countries, citizens and journalists who are trying to expose stories like this have been harassed and arrested and some have even risked their lives to do so. 但在一些国家、 公民和记者 那些想曝光这些事情的人们 却被骚扰和逮捕 还有一些人甚至在冒生命危险去揭露真相。
journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; harassed:adj.疲惫焦虑的;v.侵扰;骚扰;不断攻击(敌人);(harass的过去分词和过去式)
And finally , well, there are those who believe that corruption is unavoidable . 最后,有一些人他们相信 腐败是不可避免的。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; unavoidable:adj.不可避免的;不能废除的;
It's just how some business is done. 他们认为这就是做生意的一种方式。
It's too complex and difficult to change. 太复杂也太难改变了。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
So in effect, what? We just accept it. 所以,后果是什么？我们只能接受它。
But as a campaigner and investigator, 但作为一个活动者和调查员,
campaigner:n.竞选者;从军者;出征者;老兵;
I have a different view, because I've seen what can happen when an idea gains momentum . 我有不同的看法, 因为我见过当一个想法汇聚了力量之后 会发生什么。
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力;
In the oil and mining sector, for example, there is now the beginning of a truly worldwide transparency standard that could tackle some of these problems. 举例来说,在石油和采矿行业, 现在正开始实行 一个真正的全球的透明标准, 它可以解决这些问题。
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
In 1999, when Global Witness called for oil companies to make payments on deals transparent , well, some people laughed at the extreme naiveté of that small idea. 在1999 年,当“全球见证”致电石油公司让他们 在交易付款实行透明化时, 好吧,有些人嘲笑我们 认为这是个极其天真的小点子。
payments:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;(payment的复数) transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
But literally hundreds of civil society groups from around the world came together to fight for transparency, and now it's fast becoming the norm and the law. 但是,来自世界各地的 数以百计的公民社团集合起来 争取交易透明化, 现在它已经变成规范和法律了。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
Two thirds of the value of the world's oil and mining companies are now covered by transparency laws. Two thirds. 全球的石油和矿业公司的 三分之二的交易 现在都在接受交易透明化法规的规范。三分之二啊。
So this is change happening. 所以,改变正在发生。
This is progress. 这就是进步。
But we're not there yet, by far. 但我们还远远没有达到目标。
Because it really isn't about corruption somewhere over there, is it? 因为它贪腐不是 只在那儿的某个地方发生,不是吗？
In a globalized world, corruption is a truly globalized business, and one that needs global solutions, supported and pushed by us all, as global citizens, right here. 在全球化的世界中, 贪腐是一个真正的全球化的生意, 它需要全球性的解决方案, 需要作为全球公民的我们,我们所有人 去支持和推动,就在这里。
globalized:vt.使全球化;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）