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CesarHarada_2015F-_我是怎么让孩子们爱上科学的_
When I was a kid, my parents would tell me, "You can make a mess , but you have to clean up after yourself." 当我还是个孩子时,我父母告诉我, “你可以把东西搞得一团糟,但是之后你必须收拾好。”
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
So freedom came with responsibility. 所以自由和责任其实是伴随发生的。
But my imagination would take me to all these wonderful places, where everything was possible. 我的想象力会把我带到一个什么都可以发生的, 神奇的地方。
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
So I grew up in a bubble of innocence -- or a bubble of ignorance , I should say, because adults would lie to us to protect us from the ugly truth. 我在一个充满天真的世界中成长—— 或者应该说是一个无知的世界, 因为大人们会对我们说谎,来避免我们接触到丑恶的现实。
bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情); innocence:n.清白,无罪;天真无邪; ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂; ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
And growing up, I found out that adults make a mess, and they're not very good at cleaning up after themselves. 可能你们还记得在2011年日本遭受了一次很强的地震。 而且他们并不善于收拾烂摊子。
Fast forward, I am an adult now, and I teach citizen science and invention at the Hong Kong Harbour School. 现在,我变成了个大人, 我在香港港口小学教科学和发明课。
Harbour:n.港口;港湾;(海)港;v.窝藏;怀有;包含;藏有;
And it doesn't take too long before my students walk on a beach and stumble upon piles of trash . 没过多久, 我的学生们走在海滩上的时候,就发现了成堆的垃圾。
stumble:v.踌躇,蹒跚;失足;犯错;n.绊倒;蹒跚而行; piles:n.痔疮;痔; trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
So as good citizens, we clean up the beaches -- and no, he is not drinking alcohol , and if he is, I did not give it to him. 作为好公民,我们清理了海滩—— 不,他不是在喝酒,就算是,酒也不是我给的。
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And so it's sad to say, but today more than 80 percent of the oceans have plastic in them. 很遗憾地说, 如今超过80%的海洋里有塑料制品。
It's a horrifying fact. 这是个很可怕的事实。
horrifying:adj.令人极其震惊的;v.惊吓;使厌恶;(horrify的现在分词)
And in past decades, we've been taking those big ships out and those big nets, and we collect those plastic bits that we look at under a microscope , and we sort them, and then we put this data onto a map. 在过去的几十年里, 我们用这些大船拖着大网把垃圾捞出来, 我们把塑料垃圾收集起来,用显微镜观察, 然后把它们分类, 之后我们把这些数据写在了一张地图上。
microscope:n.显微镜;
But that takes forever, it's very expensive, and so it's quite risky to take those big boats out. 但那要花很长时间,成本也非常高, 而且开那些大船是很危险的。
So with my students, ages six to 15, we've been dreaming of inventing a better way. 所以我,和我的6到15岁的学生们, 一直都梦想创造一个更好的办法。
So we've transformed our tiny Hong Kong classroom into a workshop . 于是,我们把在香港的一个小教室变成了一个工作室。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) workshop:n.车间;研讨会;讲习班;工场;v.学习;
And so we started building this small workbench , with different heights, so even really short kids can participate . 然后我们就开始建造这个小工作台, 把它们做成不同的高度,就算是个子矮的小朋友也可以参加进来了。
workbench:n.工作台;手工台; participate:v.参加;参与;
And let me tell you, kids with power tools are awesome and safe. 告诉你们吧,拿着电动工具的孩子们其实很酷炫而且很安全。
awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Not really. 开个玩笑。
And so, back to plastic. 咱们回到塑料制品那个话题。
We collect this plastic and we grind it to the size we find it in the ocean, which is very small because it breaks down. 我们收集了一些塑料制品然后把它们磨成了在海里找到它们时的大小, 特别特别小,因为它们在海里都分解了。
grind:v.磨碎;磨快;n.磨;苦工作;
And so this is how we work. 我们是这么做的。
I let the imaginations of my students run wild. 我让我的学生们充分发挥想象力。
imaginations:n.[心理]想象力;空想;幻想物;
And my job is to try to collect the best of each kid's idea and try to combine it into something that hopefully would work. 而我的工作就是尽量收集每个孩子最好的想法, 然后试着去把这些想法和一些期望能行的通的东西结合起来。
And so we have agreed that instead of collecting plastic bits, we are going to collect only the data. 之后我们就达成了一致,我们不收集塑料品了, 我们决定仅仅收集数据。
So we're going to get an image of the plastic with a robot -- so robots, kids get very excited. 我们打算用机器人来获取塑料制品的图片—— 有了机器人,孩子们简直兴奋死了。
And the next thing we do -- we do what we call "rapid prototyping ." 我们的下一步工作——我们称之为“快速原型设计”。
prototyping:n.[计]样机研究;原型设计;
We are so rapid at prototyping that the lunch is still in the lunchbox when we're hacking it. 我们的原型设计做得非常快, 以至于我们午饭还没吃完,饭盒就被征用了。
lunchbox:n.饭盒;便当; hacking:v.黑客行为;砍;劈;猛踢;(hack的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
And we hack table lamps and webcams , into plumbing fixtures and we assemble that into a floating robot that will be slowly moving through water and through the plastic that we have there -- and this is the image that we get in the robot. 我们把桌灯和网络摄像头装到了卫生洁具上, 然后把它们组装在漂浮机器人上,机器人会在水面上缓缓移动, 穿过水面上的塑料漂浮物—— 这就是我们用机器人得到的照片。
lamps:n.灯具(lamp的复数); v.看; webcams:n.网路摄影机(webcam的复数); plumbing:n.管路系统;水暖工的工作;v.探索;钻研;探究;(plumb的现在分词) fixtures:n.固定装置(fixture的复数形式);卡具;固定附物,固定附着物;固定财产; assemble:vt.集合,聚集;装配;收集;vi.集合,聚集;
So we see the plastic pieces floating slowly through the sensor , and the computer on board will process this image, and measure the size of each particle , so we have a rough estimate of how much plastic there is in the water. 我们可以看到塑料碎片缓缓地流经感应器, 内置的计算机就会分析这些影像, 并且计算出每个颗粒的大小, 所以我们就能对水中塑料品的数量有一个粗略的估计了。
sensor:n.传感器; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; particle:n.颗粒;[物]质点;极小量;小品词; estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本;
So we documented this invention step by step on a website for inventors called Instructables, in the hope that somebody would make it even better. 我们在一个叫Instructables的发明家网站上 一步一步地记录下我们的发明, 希望有人可以继续完善它。
step by step:adj.按部就班的;
What was really cool about this project was that the students saw a local problem, and boom -- they are trying to immediately address it. 这个项目的精彩之处在于,孩子们自己看到了当地的问题, 然后灵光一现——他们就马上开始试着去解决这个问题了。
boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的;
[I can investigate my local problem] （我可以研究本地的问题）
investigate:v.调查;研究;审查;
But my students in Hong Kong are hyperconnected kids. 不过,我在香港的学生是非常与时俱进的孩子。
hyperconnected:超高速连结;超高速连结化;超高速结;
And they watch the news, they watch the Internet, and they came across this image. 他们常看新闻,他们会上网, 然后他们就看到了这张照片。
This was a child, probably under 10, cleaning up an oil spill bare-handed , in the Sundarbans, which is the world's largest mangrove forest in Bangladesh. 这是一个大概不到10岁的孩子,在徒手清理流出的油污, 地点在孟加拉国,拥有世界最大的红树林的孙德尔本斯地区。
spill:v.溢出;涌出;蜂拥而出;n.跌落;洒出(量);泼出(量);溢出(量); bare-handed:adj.赤手空拳的;确实有罪的;adv.赤手空拳地; mangrove:n.红树林;
So they were very shocked, because this is the water they drink, this is the water they bathe in, this is the water they fish in -- this is the place where they live. 孩子们感到非常震惊, 因为这里的水就是当地人喝的水,他们也常在这里洗澡, 在这里钓鱼——这是他们赖以生存的地方。
bathe:v.用水清洗(尤指身体部位); n.(在海、河等中的)游泳;
And also you can see the water is brown, the mud is brown and oil is brown, so when everything is mixed up, it's really hard to see what's in the water. 现在你们可以看到水是棕色的,泥土是棕色的,油污也是棕色的, 当所有的东西都掺在一起时, 很难分清水里有什么东西。
But, there's a technology that's rather simple, that's called spectrometry , that allows you see what's in the water. 但是,有一项相当简单的技术, 叫做光谱测定法, 可以让你看清水中物质的成分。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; spectrometry:n.[光][分化][物]光谱测定法,[光]度谱术;
So we built a rough prototype of a spectrometer , and you can shine light through different substances that produce different spectrums , so that can help you identify what's in the water. 所以我们就做了一个分光仪的简单原型, 让光线透过不同的物质, 产生不同的光谱, 这样就能帮你分辨水里的东西了。
prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态; spectrometer:n.[光]分光仪; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数); spectrums:n.光谱;范围(spectrum的复数); identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
So we packed this prototype of a sensor, and we shipped it to Bangladesh. 我们就把这个感应器的原型打包好, 寄到了孟加拉国。
So what was cool about this project was that beyond addressing a local problem, or looking at a local problem, my students used their empathy and their sense of being creative to help, remotely , other kids. 这个项目有意思的地方在于 这不只是解决一个本地问题, 或者研究一个本地问题了, 我的学生们用他们的同情心和丰富的想象力 远程帮助了其他的孩子。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; creative:adj.创造性的; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地;
[I can investigate a remote problem] （我可以解决一个远方的问题了）
So I was very compelled by doing the second experiments, and I wanted to take it even further -- maybe addressing an even harder problem, and it's also closer to my heart. 我做第二个实验时有一种很强的使命感, 想要更进一步—— 或许我们可以解决一个更加困难,同时也是我打心底里想研究的问题。
compelled:v.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应);(compel的过去分词和过去式)
So I'm half Japanese and half French, and maybe you remember in 2011 there was a massive earthquake in Japan. 我是日法混血, 可能你们还记得在2011年日本遭受了一次很强的地震。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
It was so violent that it triggered several giant waves -- they are called tsunami -- and those tsunami destroyed many cities on the eastern coast of Japan. 地震破坏力很强,还引发了惊天巨浪—— 也就是海啸—— 海啸破坏了日本东边沿海地区的很多城市。
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; triggered:v.发动;引起;触发;开动;起动;(trigger的过去分词和过去式) giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 tsunami:n.海啸; eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
More than 14,000 people died in an instant . 一瞬间,超过一万四千人失去了生命。
in an instant:瞬间;马上;
Also, it damaged the nuclear power plant of Fukushima, the nuclear power plant just by the water. 而且,海啸还摧毁了福田核电站, 一个建在海边的核电站。
nuclear power:na.核大国;
And today, I read the reports and an average of 300 tons are leaking from the nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean. 今天,我读了一些报告, 知道了大概300吨的核污水 从核电站流到了太平洋。
leaking:v.渗漏;泄露(秘密信息);走漏;(leak的现在分词) power plant:n.发电厂;发电站;
And today the whole Pacific Ocean has traces of contamination of cesium-137. 今天,整个太平洋都受到了铯-137的污染。
traces:v.跟踪;探索;n.痕迹;踪迹;(trace的复数和第三人单数) contamination:n.污染,玷污;污染物;
If you go outside on the West Coast , you can measure Fukushima everywhere. 如果你去美国的西海岸,到处都能够发现福岛核泄露的痕迹。
West Coast:n.美国西海岸(尤指加利福尼亚州);
But if you look at the map, it can look like most of the radioactivity has been washed away from the Japanese coast, and most of it is now -- it looks like it's safe, it's blue. 但如果你从地图上看,你会看到似乎大部分的放射物质 都从日本海岸冲走了, 现在核泄露的大部分——看起来都是安全的,因为是蓝色的。
radioactivity:n.放射性;[核]放射能力;[核]放射现象;
Well, reality is a bit more complicated than this. 然而,现实要比这复杂得多。
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
So I've been going to Fukushima every year since the accident, and I measure independently and with other scientists, on land, in the river -- and this time we wanted to take the kids. 自从那次事故以来,我每年都会去福岛, 我和其他的科学家一起,在陆地上、在水里 进行独立调查—— 这次我想带上孩子们。
independently:adv.独立地;自立地;
So of course we didn't take the kids, the parents wouldn't allow that to happen. 当然我们没有真的把孩子们带过去,家长们不会让我们这样做的。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But every night we would report to " Mission Control" -- different masks they're wearing. 但每晚我们都要向“任务控制部”汇报, 他们带着不同的面具。
Mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
It could look like they didn't take the work seriously, but they really did because they're going to have to live with radioactivity their whole life. 看起来好像他们并没有认真工作,但其实不然, 因为他们一辈子都要在这种放射性的环境下生活。
And so what we did with them is that we'd discuss the data we collected that day, and talk about where we should be going next -- strategy , itinerary , etc... 我们跟他们一起做的工作 就是研究我们当天收集的数据, 并且讨论我们下一步该做什么—— 策略、行程等等······
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; itinerary:n.旅程,路线;旅行日程;adj.旅程的;巡回的,流动的;
And to do this, we built a very rough topographical map of the region around the nuclear power plant. 于是,我们做了一个核电站周围区域的 很简单的地形图。
topographical:adj.地志的;地形学的(等于topographic); region:n.地区;范围;部位;
And so we built the elevation map, we sprinkled pigments to represent real-time data for radioactivity, and we sprayed water to simulate the rainfall . 我们做了这个高程图, 在上面撒上颜料来代表核放射的实时数据, 我们还会喷水来模拟下雨。
elevation:n.高地;海拔;提高;崇高;正面图; sprinkled:v.撒:洒:用…点缀:(sprinkle的过去分词和过去式) pigments:n.[颜料]颜料,染料;[物][生化]色素(pigment的复数形式); represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; sprayed:adj.喷雾的;v.喷射;散布(spray的过去式和过去分词); simulate:vt.模仿;假装;冒充;adj.模仿的;假装的; rainfall:n.降雨;降雨量;
And with this we could see that the radioactive dust was washing from the top of the mountain into the river system, and leaking into the ocean. 用这种方法我们看到了放射性尘埃 被雨水从山顶冲到了河流里, 最后流向大海。
radioactive:adj.[核]放射性的;有辐射的;
So it was a rough estimate. 这只是个粗略的估算。
But with this in mind, we organized this expedition , which was the closest civilians have been to the nuclear power plant. 基于这种方法,我们组织了一次探索活动, 这也是公民们距离核电站最近的一次了。
organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速; civilians:n.平民;市民;文官;无军职人员;(civilian的复数)
We are sailing 1.5 kilometers away from the nuclear power plant, and with the help of the local fisherman, we are collecting sediment from the seabed with a custom sediment sampler we've invented and built. 我们在离核电站1.5公里远的地方航行, 在当地渔民的帮助下, 我们用自己发明制作的 沉淀物采样器在海底收集了一些沉淀物。
sediment:n.沉积;沉淀物; seabed:n.海底;海床; sampler:n.[自]采样器;取样器;样品检查员;
We pack the sediment into small bags, we then dispatch them to hundreds of small bags that we send to different universities, and we produce the map of the seabed radioactivity, 我们把这些沉淀物打成一个个的小包, 然后把这数百个小包封装好 寄给了很多大学, 我们做出了这个海床放射活动的地图,
dispatch:n.派遣;急件;vt.派遣;分派;
especially in estuaries where the fish will reproduce , and I will hope that we will have improved the safety of the local fishermen and of your favorite sushi. 特别是在鱼类繁殖的河口地区, 我希望我们所做的这些 可以使当地的渔民和你们最爱的寿司安全一点。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; estuaries:n.河口(estuary的复数); reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育; improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
You can see a progression here -- we've gone from a local problem to a remote problem to a global problem. 你们可以看到我们的进步—— 我们从本地问题开始,到外地的问题,最后再到世界问题。
progression:n.前进;连续; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
And it's been super exciting to work at these different scales , with also very simple, open-source technologies . 做这些不同规模项目的感觉真的特别爽, 我们使用的技术也是非常简单和开源的。
scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数) open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
But at the same time , it's been increasingly frustrating because we have only started to measure the damage that we have done. 但同时,我们也逐渐地感觉有些沮丧, 因为我们现在做的仅仅是测量我们过去所造成的危害。
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词)
We haven't even started to try to solve the problems. 我们还没有开始解决这些问题。
And so I wonder if we should just take a leap and try to invent better ways to do all these things. 所以我想知道,我们能不能有一个飞跃, 想出一些更好的办法来解决这些问题呢？
I wonder if:我不知道是否…？; leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲;
And so the classroom started to feel a little bit small, so we found an industrial site in Hong Kong, and we turned it into the largest mega-space focused on social and environmental impact . 然后教室就显得有点小了, 我们找了香港的一处废弃工厂, 然后把它变成了一个最大的多用空间, 专门来研究社会和环境影响。
industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
It's in central Hong Kong, and it's a place we can work with wood, metal, chemistry, a bit of biology , a bit of optics , basically you can build pretty much everything there. 这是在香港市中心, 是一个我们可以做木工、金工和化学实验的地方, 还可以做一些生物学和光学的实验, 在那里,基本上你什么都可以做。
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; optics:n.[光]光学; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
And its a place where adults and kids can play together. 这是一个大人和孩子可以一起玩的地方。
It's a place where kids' dreams can come true, with the help of adults, and where adults can be kids again. 这是一个在大人的帮助下, 孩子们可以梦想成真的地方, 在这里,大人们也返老还童了。
Student: Acceleration ! Acceleration ! 学生们:加油！加油！
Acceleration:n.加速,促进;[物]加速度;
Cesar Harada: We're asking questions such as, can we invent the future of mobility with renewable energy? 塞萨尔·原田:我们经常提出这样的问题, 我们可以打造一个利用可再生能源的移动设备的未来吗？
Cesar:n.恺撒,古罗马帝王; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
For example. 这是一个例子。
Or, can we help the mobility of the aging population by transforming very standard wheelchairs into cool, electric vehicles ? 还有,我们能把非常常见的轮椅变成很酷的电动车, 让老年人的行动更加方便吗？
transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词) standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; wheelchairs:[医]轮椅; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
So plastic, oil and radioactivity are horrible , horrible legacies , but the very worst legacy that we can leave our childre n is l ies. 塑料制品、油污和核辐射都是非常非常可怕的残留物, 但是最最可怕的还是我们对孩子们说的谎话。
horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, legacies:n.遗产(legacy的复数);
We can no longer afford to shield the kids from the ugly truth because we need their imagination to invent the solutions. 我们不能再对孩子们隐瞒丑恶的真相了, 因为我们需要他们解决问题的想象力。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; shield:n.盾;防护物;保护者;v.遮蔽;包庇;避开;保卫;
So citizen scientists, makers, dreamers -- we must prepare the next generation that cares about the environment and people, and that can actually do something about it. 所以,科学家们、制造商们、梦想家们—— 我们必须让我们的下一代开始 关心现在的环境和人们, 这样他们就可以采取行动解决问题了。
dreamers:n.梦想家(dreamer的复数形式);做梦的人;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）