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CatherineMohr_2010U-_建造绿色_
First of all , I'm a geek . 首先,我是一位书呆子。
First of all:adv.首先; geek:n.做低级滑稽表演的人,反常的人; n.(俚)极客,即智力超群,善于钻研但不懂与人交往的怪才;
I'm an organic food-eating, carbon footprint-minimizing, robotic surgery geek, and I really want to build green, but I'm very suspicious of all of these well-meaning articles, people long on moral authority and short on data telling me how to do these kinds of things. 我吃有机食品, 我是一位低碳生活者,我沉迷于机器人手术, 而且我特别想建造绿色, 但我是个多疑的人 特别是对于这些好意的文章们, 人们常常注重道德规范 而缺少数据的支持 以来告诉我如何去做这些事。
organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室; suspicious:adj.可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的; well-meaning:adj.善意的;好心的; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
And so I have to figure this out for myself. 所以我只能自己找寻答案。
For example: Is this evil ? 例如:这是邪恶的吗？
evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
I have dropped a blob of organic yogurt from happy self-actualized local cows on my counter top, and I grab a paper towel , and I want to wipe it up. 我掉了一滴有机酸奶 在我的桌面上, 它来自当地的奶牛, 然后我拿来一张纸巾,我想把它擦干净。
blob:n.一滴;一抹;v.弄脏;把…做错;得零分; self-actualized:adj.自我实现的;自我实践的;v.自我实现(self-actualize的过去分词); grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物; paper towel:纸巾; wipe:v.擦;抹;拭;消除;n.擦;拭;揩;(湿)抹布;
But can I use a paper towel? (Laughter) 但是我能用这个纸巾吗？（笑声）
The answer to this can be found in embodied energy. 这个答案能从内蕴能量中找到。
embodied:v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达;
This is the amount of energy that goes into any paper towel or embodied water. 这就是任何一张手纸或者水的 内涵能源。
And every time I use a paper towel, 而每次我使用纸巾,
I am using this much virtual energy and water. 我会使用这么多 能量和水。
virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
Wipe it up, throw it away. 擦干净它,再把它扔掉。
Now, if I compare that to a cotton towel that I can use a thousand times, 现在,如果我用棉布和他进行对比 我能重复用上千次,
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较;
I don't have a whole lot of embodied energy until I wash that yogurty towel. 我不需要花费那么多内蕴能量 直到我需洗净这个酸奶抹布为止。
This is now operating energy. 现在我要说的是操作能量。
So if I throw my towel in the washing machine , 如果我把抹布放入洗衣机,
washing machine:洗衣机,洗涤机;
I've now put energy and water back into that towel, unless I use a front-loading high-efficiency washing machine, and then it looks a little bit better. 我需要能量和水 去洗这个抹布, 除非我用的是前置型高效洗衣机, 而它只是看上去好一点儿。
high-efficiency:adj.高效的;n.高效;
But what about a recycled paper towel that comes in those little half sheets ? 但是一个可回收的纸巾会怎么样 特别是那些半张大小的？
recycled:n.再生纸;回收站;adj.[环境]回收利用的;可循环再造的; sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数)
Well, now a paper towel looks better. 恩,现在一张纸巾看起来好多了。
Screw the paper towels. Let's go to a sponge . 别想纸巾了。让我们看看海绵,
Screw:v.旋,拧;压榨;强迫;n.螺旋;螺丝钉;吝啬鬼; sponge:v.抹掉;用海绵擦拭;讨得;n.海绵;海绵状物;
I wipe it with a sponge, and I put it under the running water, and I have a lot less energy and a lot more water, unless you're like me and you leave the handle in the position of hot even when you turn it on, and then you start to use more energy, or worse, you let it run until it's warm to rinse out your towel. 我用一个海绵擦,然后用水冲洗, 然后我用很少的能量和更多的水, 除非你像我这样且你把手柄放在热水的一边 但即使当你打开它的时候, 你还是得使用更多的能量, 更糟糕的是,你或许会让水流着直到变热为止 以洗净你的抹布。
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; rinse:v.漱;冲洗掉;漂净;n.冲洗;漂洗;[轻]染发剂;染发;
And now all bets are off. 现在我们不打赌了。
bets:v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿(bet的第三人称单数)
(Laughter) （笑)
So what this says is that sometimes the things that you least expect, the position in which you put the handle, have a bigger effect than any of those other things that you were trying to optimize . 所以在这里要指出的是 有时候你最不在意的事, 比如你放手柄的位置, 比起其他的事情会造成更大的影响 特别是那些你试图去优化的事。
optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善;vi.优化;持乐观态度;
Now imagine someone as twisted as me trying to build a house. 现在想象一下一个人像我一样疯狂 的去试图建造一个房子。
twisted:adj.扭曲的; v.使弯曲,使扭曲; (twist的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's what my husband and I are doing right now. 那正是我和我丈夫正在做的事。
And so, we wanted to know how green could we be. 而我们想知道我们到底可以有多环保。
And there's a thousand and one articles out there telling us how to make all these green trade-offs . 而且那里有数以千计的文章 来告诉我们怎么去做绿色的交换。
trade-offs:n.权衡(trade-off的复数);交易;物物交换;
And they are just as suspect in telling us to optimize these little things around the edges and missing the elephant in the living room . 而且他们就是 告诉我们去优化一些边角小物 从而忽略了眼前庞然大物。
suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的; living room:n.客厅;起居室;
Now, the average house has about 300 megawatt hours of embodied energy in it. 现在,平均每家 需要消耗300千瓦时 的内蕴能量。
megawatt:n.兆瓦特,百万瓦特;
This is the energy it takes to make it, millions and millions of paper towels. 这些能量可以制造出, 成千上万的纸巾。
We wanted to know how much better we could do. 我们想知道我怎么能做的更好。
And so, like many people, we start with a house on a lot, and I'm going to show you a typical construction on the top and what we're doing on the bottom. 所以,就如同很多人一样, 我们从普通的房子开始, 同时我会向你们展示一个普通房顶的建设过程 而且我们在底下做什么。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
So first, we demolish it. 第一,我们先消减一部分。
demolish:v.拆毁;(意外)毁坏;推翻;轻易而彻底地打败;
It takes some energy, but if you deconstruct it, you take it all apart, you use the bits, you can get some of that energy back. 它会消耗一些能量,但是如果你拆除它, 你把它都拆了,你用一些, 你可以回收一些能量。
deconstruct:vt.解构;拆析;
We then dug a big hole to put in a rainwater catchment tank to take our yard water independent . 我们之后挖了一个大洞 把雨水收集到水箱里 以用来独立灌溉我们的花园。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水; catchment:n.流域;集水; independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
And then we poured a big foundation for passive solar. 然后我们建造一个大型 的太阳能收集板。
poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式) foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态;
Now, you can reduce the embodied energy by about 25 percent by using high fly ash concrete . 现在,通过使用尘土飞扬的水泥 你可以减免 25%的能耗。
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
We then put in framing . 我们之后做了一个框架。
framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词)
And so this is framing, lumber , composite materials, and it's kind of hard to get the embodied energy out of that, but it can be a sustainable resource if you use F.S.C. certified lumber. 这个框架是用木头 和合成材料作成的, 所以很难收回这些能量, 如果你用F.S.C. 验证的木材 它们是可成为可持续性的能源。
lumber:vi.伐木; vt.砍伐木材; n.木材; composite:n.复合材料;合成物;菊科;adj.复合的;合成的;菊科的;vt.使合成;使混合; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); certified:adj.被证明了的; v.(尤指书面)证明,证实; (certify的过去式和过去分词)
We then go on to the first thing that was very surprising. 我们之后发现 一件惊奇的事。
If we put aluminum windows in this house, we would double the energy use right there. 如果用铝制窗装饰我们的房屋, 我们能双倍利用这能量。
aluminum:n.铝;
Now, PVC is a little bit better, but still not as good as the wood that we chose. PVC比这好一点, 但是还是没办法媲美我们选的木头。
We then put in plumbing , electrical and HVAC, and insulate . 我们之后安装了电器、采暖通风与空调系统 抽水马桶 以及隔热设备。
plumbing:n.管路系统;水暖工的工作;v.探索;钻研;探究;(plumb的现在分词) electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; insulate:vt.隔离,使孤立;使绝缘,使隔热;
Now, spray foam is an excellent insulator , it fills in all the cracks , but it is pretty high embodied energy. 当下,喷射式泡沫是非常好的隔热材料,它可以填入所有的地方, 但是它非常耗费能量。
spray:n.喷雾; v.喷; foam:n.泡沫;水沫;灭火泡沫;v.起泡沫;吐白沫;起着泡沫流动; insulator:n.[物]绝缘体;从事绝缘工作的工人; cracks:n.裂纹; v.破裂; (crack的第三人称单数和复数)
And, sprayed-in cellulose or blue-jeans is a much lower energy alternative to that. 喷洒式纤维素或者牛仔裤布料 是可选用的低耗能替代品。
cellulose:n.纤维素;(植物的)细胞膜质; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
We also used straw bale in fill for our library, which has zero embodied energy. 我们同时也用秸秆包 填充在我们的书房, 而这些是零耗能的东西。
straw:n.稻草; adj.稻草的; bale:n.包;捆;灾祸;不幸;v.将...打包;
When it comes time to sheetrock , if you use EcoRock, it's about a quarter of the embodied energy of standard sheetrock. 当我们使用石膏灰胶纸夹板, 如果你用EcoRock,它只耗费的 普通石膏灰胶纸夹板?的能量。
sheetrock:n.石膏灰胶纸夹板(一种石膏板的商标); standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
And then you get to the finishes, the subject of all of those "go green" articles. 然后你完成的时候, 回顾下那些所有关于“绿色”的文章。
And on the scale of a house, they almost make no difference at all. 它们对于整间房子的调控, 我们和他们几乎是一样。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; make no difference:没有影响;不起作用;都一样;
And yet, all the press is focused on that. 但所有的媒体都在关注它们。
Except for flooring. 除了地面。
If you put carpeting in your house, it's about a tenth of the embodied energy of the entire house, unless you use concrete or wood for a much lower embodied energy. 如果你在家里放入地毯, 它大概占用整间屋子消耗能量的1/10, 除非你选择水泥或者木头 这可使内蕴能量总量更低。
carpeting:n.毛毯,[纺]地毯;地毯料;v.铺以地毯(carpet的现在分词);
So now we add in the final construction energy, we add it all up, and we've built a house for less than half of the typical embodied energy for building a house like this. 现在我们把能量总量加起来, 我们已经建造了一座同样类型 但是只消耗了一般房子的一半内蕴能量。
But before we pat ourselves too much on the back, we have poured 151 megawatt hours of energy into constructing this house, when there was a house there before. 但是在我们过多拍我们自己的 后背以表彰我们自己之前, 我们已经消耗了151千瓦时 去建造这个房子, 当那儿之前有一座房子。
pat:v.合适; n.拍打; adj.过于简易的; v.(喜爱地)轻拍; constructing:n.构造;v.构造(construct的现在分词);
And so the question is: 所以问题是:
How could we make that back? 我们如何把那些找回来？
And so if I run my new energy-efficient house forward, compared with the old, non-energy-efficient house, we make it back in about six years. 而且如果继续使用我的新节能房, 对比老式的,非节能房, 我们回到了大概6年前。
energy-efficient:adj.节能的,节约能源的;高能效的; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
Now, I probably would have upgraded the old house to be more energy-efficient. 现在,我大概会去升级改造那座旧房子 使它变的更加节能。
upgraded:adj.提升的;更新的;加固的;v.升级;改善(upgrade的过去分词);
And in that case, it would take me more about 20 years to break even . 如果是那个情况, 它会耗费我大概20年去平衡。
break even:adj.收支平衡的;
Now, if I hadn't paid attention to embodied energy, it would have taken us over 50 years to break even compared to the upgraded house. 现在,如果我不去关注能量总量, 它会耗费我们 超过50年的时间去平衡 对比已经升级过的房子。
So what does this mean? 这意味着什么？
On the scale of my portion of the house, this is equivalent to about as much as I drive in a year, it's about five times as much as if I went entirely vegetarian . 按我建造房子的比例, 这相当于 我开车一年, 大概是五倍于 我成为完全素食主义者。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; vegetarian:n.素食者;食草动物;adj.素食的;
But my elephant in the living room flies. 但是在我眼前最终显而易见的事中。
Clearly, I need to walk home from TED. 显然,我需要从TED走路回家。
But all the calculations for embodied energy are on the blog . 但是在Blog中有对于所有 能量总量的计算。
blog:n.博客;部落格;网络日志;
And, remember, it's sometimes the things that you are not expecting to be the biggest changes that are. 同时,记住,有时候你从没有期待的事情 正是最大的变化所在。
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（掌声）