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CatherineCrump_2014G-_你知道警察在跟踪你吗_
The shocking police crackdown on protestors in Ferguson, Missouri , in the wake of the police shooting of Michael Brown, underscored the extent to which advanced military weapons and equipment, designed for the battlefield , are making their way to small-town police departments across the United States. 在密苏里州弗格森的一场令人震惊的对抗议者的镇压中, 警察开枪射杀了迈克尔?布朗, 揭示了为作战而设计的 军用高级武器, 正向 全美国镇级警署渗透。
crackdown:n.镇压;(美)制裁;强制取缔;惩罚; protestors:n.抗议者; Missouri:n.密苏里(美国州名); in the wake of:紧紧跟随;随着…而来;作为…的结果;仿效; underscored:vt.强调;划线于…下;n.底线,[计]下划线; extent:n.程度;范围;长度; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; battlefield:n.战场;沙场;斗争的领域;容易引发冲突的情况 small-town:adj.偏狭的;小都市的;土里土气的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Although much tougher to observe , this same thing is happening with surveillance equipment. 虽然更加不易察觉, 但军用监控设备也以同样方式来到了我们身边。
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
NSA-style mass surveillance is enabling local police departments to gather vast quantities of sensitive information about each and every one of us in a way that was never previously possible. 美国国家安全局形制的大型监控系统, 让本地警察局能够收集超大量的 个人敏感信息, 这是前所未有的。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); quantities:n.数量;数目;大量;大宗;(quantity的复数) sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; previously:adv.先前;以前;
Location information can be very sensitive. 位置信息可以是非常敏感的。
Location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
If you drive your car around the United States, it can reveal if you go to a therapist , attend an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, if you go to church or if you don't go to church. 如果你在美国范围内开车, 它能显示你是去看医生, 还是去参加匿名酗酒者会议 去教堂,或者没去教堂。
reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; therapist:n.临床医学家;治疗学家; Alcoholics Anonymous:n.匿名戒酒会(1935年成立于芝加哥的国际组织,成员不用全名);
And when that information about you is combined with the same information about everyone else, the government can gain a detailed portrait of how private citizens interact . 如果将你的信息 和其他人的同类信息相结合, 政府就能详细地描绘出 公民间的私人关系。
portrait:n.肖像;描写;半身雕塑像; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
This information used to be private. 这样的信息曾经是私密的,
Thanks to modern technology , the government knows far too much about what happens behind closed doors . 而因为现代科技, 政府对家务事也知道的太多了。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; behind closed doors:秘密;秘密地;紧闭的门后;与外界隔绝地;
And local police departments make decisions about who they think you are based on this information. 地方警察局能根据这些信息, 对你的为人做出“官方”判断。
One of the key technologies driving mass location tracking is the innocuous-sounding Automatic License Plate Reader. 方位跟踪最常用的, 是一种利用无害声波自动抓拍车牌的技术。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词) Automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车; License Plate:牌照;
If you haven't seen one, it's probably because you didn't know what to look for -- they're everywhere. 如果你没见过这种监控, 很可能是因为你不知道怎么去找, 它无处不在。
Mounted on roads or on police cars, 有的装在马路上方,有的在警车上,
Mounted:adj.骑马的; v.准备; (mount的过去分词和过去式)
Automatic License Plate Readers capture images of every passing car and convert the license plate into machine-readable text so that they can be checked against hot lists of cars potentially wanted for wrongdoing . 自动抓拍车牌相机会拍下经过的每一辆车, 然后把汽车牌照转换成可机读的文字, 这样就可以对照着黑名单 查出可疑车辆。
capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人; machine-readable:adj.[计]机器可读的;可用计算机处理的; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; wrongdoing:n.不法行为;坏事;作恶;欺骗行径;
But more than that, increasingly , local police departments are keeping records not just of people wanted for wrongdoing, but of every plate that passes them by, 不仅如此,现在日益增多的情况是, 地方警察局不仅会 查可疑车辆, 而是只要有车经过都查,
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
resulting in the collection of mass quantities of data about where Americans have gone. 收集每一个美国人的大量信息, 了解他们的动态。
Did you know this was happening? 这件事你知道吗？
When Mike Katz-Lacabe asked his local police department for information about the plate reader data they had on him, this is what they got: in addition to the date, time and location, 当迈克?卡茨拉卡德向当地警局 询问他的拍照记录, 这是他得到的结果: 除了日期,时间和地点
police department:n.(美国城市中的)警察局; in addition to:除…之外;
the police department had photographs that captured where he was going and often who he was with. 还有各种监控照片, 显示他经常去哪、和谁在一起。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
The second photo from the top is a picture of Mike and his two daughters getting out of their car in their own driveway . 上边数下来第二张照片是迈克和他的两个女儿 在家门前一起下车的照片。
driveway:n.(从建筑物,住房,车库等通往大路的)私人车道;
The government has hundreds of photos like this about Mike going about his daily life. 政府有几百张这样的照片, 能知道迈克每天的行踪。
And if you drive a car in the United States, 如果你也在美国境内开车,
I would bet money that they have photographs like this of you going about your daily life. 我打赌他们也有 关于你的各种生活照。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿;
Mike hasn't done anything wrong. 迈克没做过任何错事
Why is it okay that the government is keeping all of this information? 为什么政府可以这样收集他的信息？
The reason it's happening is because, as the cost of storing this data has plummeted , the police departments simply hang on to it, just in case it could be useful someday. 原因就是, 由于储存信息的成本迅速下降, 警局就紧紧抓住它不放, 以防有朝一日能用上。
plummeted:n.[测]铅锤,坠子;vi.垂直落下;(价格,水平等)骤然下跌; hang on to:紧紧抓住;紧握; just in case:以防万一;作为准备;
The issue is not just that one police department is gathering this information in isolation or even that multiple police departments are doing it. 但问题是暗中搜集信息的 不是只有一家警局单干, 或者只有几家各干各的。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
At the same time , the federal government is collecting all of these individual pots of data, and pooling them together into one vast database with hundreds of millions of hits, showing where Americans have traveled. 与此同时,政府也在 将这数以亿计的各种个人信息, 都收录到一个 统一的数据库中, 跟踪美国人都去过哪里。
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
This document from the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration, which is one of the agencies primarily interested in this, is one of several that reveal the existence of this database. 联邦缉毒局的这个文件 是缉毒局的主要关注点之一, 证明了这样的数据库的存在。
Enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制; agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数); primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
Meanwhile , in New York City, the NYPD has driven police cars equipped with license plate readers past mosques in order to figure out who is attending. 同时,在纽约市, 纽约市警局派出装有摄像头的警车 开过清真寺,看有谁在里面。
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; mosques:n.清真寺(mosque的复数形式);
The uses and abuses of this technology aren't limited to the United States. 不是只有美国在滥用这项技术。
abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式);n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数); limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
In the U.K., the police department put 80-year-old John Kat on a plate reader watch list after he had attended dozens of lawful political demonstrations where he liked to sit on a bench and sketch the attendees . 在英国,警察局 把80岁的约翰?卡加入了黑名单 因为他出现在很多次合法的政治游行当中, 坐在一旁的长椅上,为游行者画素描。
demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数); sketch:n.素描;草图;速写;概述;v.概述;简述;画素描;画速写; attendees:n.参加者;出席者(attendee的复数);
License plate readers aren't the only mass location tracking technology available to law enforcement agents today. 自动抓拍相机可不是执法机构 唯一使用的跟踪技术。
agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
Through a technique known as a cell tower dump , law enforcement agents can uncover who was using one or more cell towers at a particular time, a technique which has been known to reveal the location of tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of people. 通过基站定位技术, 执法机构能够知道谁 在某一时刻正在使用哪些个基站, 这项技术能用来确定 几万甚至几十万人的位置。
technique:n.技巧,技术;手法; dump:v.倾倒;抛售;抛弃;转存;n.垃圾场;转储;转存;废物堆; uncover:v.揭开盖子;发现;揭露;揭发;
Also, using a device known as a StingRay , law enforcement agents can send tracking signals inside people's houses to identify the cell phones located there. 另外还有一种设备叫做“魟鱼”,（即“IMSI捕手”） 执法机关能够在人们家里发送跟踪信号, 来确定家里都有哪些手机在工作。
device:n.装置;策略;图案; StingRay:n.黄貂鱼; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式)
And if they don't know which house to target, they've been known to drive this technology around through whole neighborhoods. 如果他们没有明确的目标 据说就会 让这个设备在住宅区全部运行一遍。
Just as the police in Ferguson possess high-tech military weapons and equipment, so too do police departments across the United States possess high-tech surveillance gear . 就像弗格森的警察配备了高科技军用武器, 全美国的警察也都配备了 高科技的监控设备。
possess:vt.控制;持有;迷住;具备; high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技; gear:n.齿轮; v.适合;
Just because you don't see it, doesn't mean it's not there. 你看不到（那些监控） 不代表它们就不存在。
The question is, what should we do about this? 问题是,我们应对此该做些什么？
I think this poses a serious civil liberties threat. 我认为已这严重威胁到了公民的自由。
poses:姿势; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; liberties:n.自由(liberty的复数);
History has shown that once the police have massive quantities of data, tracking the movements of innocent people, it gets abused , maybe for blackmail , maybe for political advantage , or maybe for simple voyeurism . 历史表明,一旦警察有足够大量的数据, 跟踪无辜民众的行踪, 数据就会被滥用,可能用于勒索、政治获利, 抑或是单纯的偷窥。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; abused:v.滥用(以致危害健康); (abuse的过去分词和过去式) blackmail:n.勒索,敲诈;勒索所得之款;v.勒索,敲诈; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: voyeurism:n.窥淫癖:刺探他人隐私的行为:
Fortunately , there are steps we can take. 所幸的是,我们还是能采取一些措施。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
Local police departments can be governed by the city councils , which can pass laws requiring the police to dispose of the data about innocent people while allowing the legitimate uses of the technology to go forward. 地方警察局由市议会管理, 议会可以通过法律,要求警察 销毁无罪民众的数据, 同时允许进一步的合法使用这些科技。
councils:n.委员会(council的复数);理事会; dispose:v.布置;安排;排列;使倾向于; legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause). （掌声）