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CarolinePaul_2016W-_为了培育勇敢的女孩子,鼓励她们去冒险吧_

When I was a kid, I was obsessed with the Guinness Book of World Records, and I really wanted to set a world record myself. 在我小的时候, 对吉尼斯世界纪录大全很着迷, 并且真的很想创造一个 属于我自己的世界纪录。
obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词) Guinness:n.吉尼斯黑啤酒(英国产强性黑啤酒的一种);
But there was just one small problem: 但是有一个小问题:
I had absolutely no talent. 那就是我完全没有什么天赋。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
So I decided to set a world record in something that demanded absolutely no skill at all. 所以我决定去创造一个 完全不需要任何技巧 就能达成的世界纪录。
I decided to set a world record in crawling . 我决定去创造一个 爬行的世界纪录。
crawling:v.爬行;匍匐行进;(crawl的现在分词)
(Laughter) (笑声)
Now, the record at the time was 12 and a half miles, and for some reason, this seemed totally manageable . 当时的纪录是12.5英里, 而且出于某种原因 这看起来很容易办到。
manageable:adj.易管理的;易控制的;易办的;
(Laughter) (笑声)
I recruited my friend Anne, and together we decided, we didn't even need to train. 我找来了我的朋友安妮, 我们一起决定行动了, 甚至都不需要训练。
recruited:v.招聘,雇佣;招募;(recruit的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) (笑声)
And on the day of our record attempt , we put furniture pads on the outside of our good luck jeans and we set off, and right away , we were in trouble, because the denim was against our skin and it began to chafe , and soon our knees were being chewed up. 在我们挑战纪录那一天, 我们将家具垫绑在幸运牛仔裤外面, 然后我们开始了, 很快,我们就遇到麻烦了, 因为牛仔布料会产生磨擦, 开始擦伤皮肤, 所以很快我们的膝盖就磨破了。
attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物; pads:n.软垫,护垫; v.填充,覆盖,保护; (pad的第三人称单数和复数) right away:立刻; denim:n.斜纹粗棉布,丁尼布;劳动布; chafe:vt.擦破;擦热;擦痛;激怒;vi.擦伤;磨擦;激怒;n.擦伤;气恼;
Hours in, it began to rain. 几个小时后, 开始下雨了。
Then, Anne dropped out. 然后,安妮退出了。
Then, it got dark. 再然后,天黑了。
Now, by now, my knees were bleeding through my jeans, and I was hallucinating from the cold and the pain and the monotony . 到了这会儿,我的膝盖血流不止,并且透过了牛仔裤, 寒冷的天气、疼痛, 以及单调的动作使我产生了幻觉。
bleeding:n.出血;渗色;adj.流血的;同情的;v.出血;渗出;(bleed的现在分词) hallucinating:v.(由于生病、吸毒)幻听,幻视,产生幻觉;(hallucinate的现在分词) monotony:n.单调;千篇一律;
And to give you an idea of the suffer-fest that I was undergoing , the first lap around the high school track took 10 minutes. 可以给你们形容一下 我当时遭受的痛苦, 爬完第一圈跑道花了我们10分钟。
undergoing:v.经历,经受(变化、不快的事等);(undergo的现在分词) track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
The last lap took almost 30. 而最后一圈差不多是30分钟。
After 12 hours of crawling, 在12个小时的爬行后,
I stopped, and I had gone eight and a half miles. 我停下了, 我总共爬了8.5英里。
So I was short of the 12-and-a-half-mile record. 离12.5英里的纪录还有一定距离。
Now, for many years, I thought this was a story of abject failure, but today I see it differently, because when I was attempting the world record, 此后很多年,我一直认为 这是一个关于悲惨失败的故事, 但是今天我对此有了另一种看法, 因为当我向世界纪录冲刺的时候,
abject:adj.卑鄙的;可怜的;不幸的; attempting:v.努力;尝试;试图;(attempt的现在分词)
I was doing three things. 我做着三件事。
I was getting outside my comfort zone , 我在走出我的安乐窝,
comfort zone:n.舒适区;最佳状态;
I was calling upon my resilience , and I was finding confidence in myself and my own decisions. 我在号召我的恢复力, 我在为我自己以及我所做的 决定找回自信。
resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
I didn't know it then, but those are not the attributes of failure. 当时我并没有意识到, 但是这些都不是失败所具有的特质。
attributes:v.把…归因于; n.属性; (attribute的第三人称单数和复数)
Those are the attributes of bravery . 而是勇气的特征。
bravery:n.勇敢;勇气;
Now, in 1989, at the age of 26, 到了1989年,我26岁时
I became a San Francisco firefighter , and I was the 15th woman in a department of 1,500 men. 成为了旧金山的一名消防员, 而我是这个有着1500人的 部门中的第15位女性员工。
firefighter:n.消防队员;
(Applause) (掌声)
And as you can imagine, when I arrived there were many doubts about whether we could do the job. 正如你们所想象的,当我入职时 面临着许多对于我是否 能胜作这份工作的质疑。
So even though I was a 5'10", 150-pound collegiate rower , and someone who could endure 12 hours of searing knee pain — 虽然我曾是身高177cm, 体重150磅的大学赛艇手, 并且能够忍受膝盖上 长达12个小时的剧烈疼痛——
collegiate:adj.大学的;学院的;大学生的; rower:n.桨手; endure:v.忍受;忍耐;持续;持久; searing:adj.灼热的;v.使枯萎(sear的ing形式);
(Laughter) (笑声)
I knew I still had to prove my strength and fitness . 但我知道我依然不得不证明 我的实力以及我能够适应这里。
fitness:n.健康;适当;适合性;
So one day a call came in for a fire, and sure enough,when my engine group pulled up, there was black smoke billowing from a building off an alleyway . 有一天,一个火警电话打了进来, 当我们消防小队赶到的时候,我非常确定 滚滚黑烟正从一个 小巷中的一栋建筑中冒出。
billowing:v.鼓起;(烟雾)涌出,汹涌向前;大量冒出(billow的现在分词) alleyway:n.胡同;小巷;窄街;走廊;
And I was with a big guy named Skip, and he was on the nozzle ,and I was right behind, and it was a typical sort of fire. 而我当时正跟一个叫做斯基普的大个子在一起, 他在消防车喷头那里,我在他后方, 这是一次很典型的火灾。
nozzle:n.喷嘴;管口;鼻; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
It was smoky , it was hot, and all of a sudden ,there was an explosion , and Skip and I were blown backwards, my mask was knocked sideways , and there was this moment of confusion . 浓烟弥漫,高温炙热, 突然之间发生了爆炸, 斯基普和我被震得朝后飞去, 我的面罩被撞到了路边, 这一刻一切都陷入了混乱之中。
smoky:adj.冒烟的;烟熏味的;熏着的;呛人的;烟状的; all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地; explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增; sideways:adv.往一侧;侧着;侧面朝前; confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
And then I picked myself up, 然后我迅速的爬起来,
I groped for the nozzle, and I did what a firefighter was supposed to do: 去摸索寻找喷头, 我做了一个消防员应该做的:
groped:v.摸索;搜索;探寻;猥亵;摸(某人)(grope的过去分词和过去式) supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
I lunged forward, opened up the water and I tackled the fire myself. 我向前冲过去, 打开了水龙头, 一个人扑灭了大火。
lunged:adj.肺般的;有肺的;v.踢;突进;刺出(lunge的过去分词); tackled:v,解决,处理,对付;(tackle的过去式和过去分词)
The explosion had been caused by a water heater , so nobody was hurt, and ultimately it was not a big deal , but later Skip came up to me and said, "Nice job, Caroline," 爆炸是由一个热水器引起的, 所幸没人受伤, 最终也没酿成大的灾难。 然而稍后斯吉普过来, 用那种带着吃惊的声音对我说,
heater:n.加热器;加热工; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; a big deal:na.要人;重要的事;
in this surprised sort of voice. “干得好,卡洛琳。”
(Laughter) (笑声)
And I was confused , because the fire hadn't been difficult physically, so why was he looking at me with something like astonishment ? 我当时就懵了,因为 这场大火并不是很激烈, 那么他为什么会用这种 惊讶的神情看着我呢?
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) astonishment:n.惊讶;令人惊讶的事物;
And then it became clear: 后来我就明白了:
Skip, who was by the way a really nice guy and an excellent firefighter,not only thought that women could not be strong, he thought that they could not be brave either. 斯吉普,当然他是一个很好的人, 而且也是一个出色的消防员, 但他不仅不认为女性能够足够强壮, 也不认为女性可以非常勇敢。
by the way:顺便说一下;
And he wasn't the only one. 而且他并不是唯一一个这么想的人。
Friends, acquaintances and strangers, men and women throughout my career ask me over and over , "Caroline, all that fire, all that danger, aren't you scared?" 不管是朋友、熟人还是陌生人, 不分男女,在我的整个职业生涯中 一遍又一遍的问我, “卡洛琳,面对所有的这些大火, 所有的这些危险,你害怕过吗?”
acquaintances:n.认识的人;熟人;略有交情;(对某事物的)了解;(acquaintance的复数) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; over and over:反复;再三;
Honestly, I never heard a male firefighter asked this. 说实话,我从来没听过一个 男消防员被问这些问题。
And I became curious . 所以我变得好奇。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
Why wasn't bravery expected of women? 为什么人们都不对女性的勇敢抱有期待?
Now, the answer began to come when a friend of mine lamented to me that her young daughter was a big scaredy-cat , and so I began to notice, and yes, the daughter was anxious, but more than that,the parents were anxious. 当我的一个朋友 对我感叹道她年轻的 女儿很容易受到惊吓时, 答案在我的脑海中开始显现出来, 从那时起我开始留意, 是的,那个朋友的女儿很焦虑, 但不仅如此,她的父母也很焦虑。
lamented:adj.令人遗憾的;被哀悼的;v.哀悼(lament的过去式和过去分词形式); scaredy-cat:胆小鬼;
Most of what they said to her when she was outside began with, "Be careful," "Watch out," or "No." 当她去室外玩耍时, 她父母对她说得最多的就是, “当心点”、“注意点”或者“不行”。
Now, my friends were not bad parents. 我朋友他们是很好的父母。
They were just doing what most parents do, which is cautioning their daughters much more than they caution their sons. 他们只是做了大部分父母做的, 即对女儿的担心程度要比儿子大得多。
There was a study involving a playground fire pole , ironically , in which researchers saw that little girls were very likely to be warned by both their moms and dads about the fire pole's risk, 曾经有一个涉及到游乐场里 消防滑杆的研究,讽刺的是, 研究人员发现小女孩 通常很有可能会被 她的父母们警告消防滑杆的危险性,
involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) pole:n.磁极;电极;柱子;杆子;v.用篙撑船;摆船; ironically:adv.讽刺地;说反话地;
and if the little girls still wanted to play on the fire pole, a parent was very likely to assist her. 如果那个小女孩还是想要玩消防滑杆, 那么父母中的一个会很可能陪伴她一起玩。
But the little boys? 但是如果换成小男孩子呢?
They were encouraged to play on the fire pole despite any trepidations that they might have, and often the parents offered guidance on how to use it on their own. 他们通常被鼓励去玩消防滑杆, 也不管他们是否会害怕, 并且通常父母会指导他们 怎样独自去玩消防滑杆。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
So what message does this send to both boys and girls? 那么这个行为给这些男孩和 女孩传递了怎样的信息呢?
Well, that girls are fragile and more in need of help, and that boys can and should master difficult tasks by themselves. 那就是,女孩是脆弱的, 更需要获得帮助, 而男孩能够并且应该 自己处理好困难的任务。
fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的;
It says that girls should be fearful and boys should be gutsy . 人们说女孩应该谨小慎微, 而男孩应该勇敢。
fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的; gutsy:adj.勇敢的;贪婪的;有种的;胆大的;
Now, the irony is that at this young age, girls and boys are actually very alike physically. 但讽刺的地方是在这么小的年纪, 事实上男孩和女孩在 身体上是非常相似的。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的;
In fact, girls are often stronger until puberty , and more mature . 事实上,在青春期 之前女孩通常更强壮, 也更成熟。
puberty:n.青春期;开花期; mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的;
And yet we adults act as if girls are more fragile and more in need of help, and they can't handle as much. 然而我们成年人表现出来的却是 好像女孩子更加的脆弱, 更需要帮助,以及她们不能应付很多事情。
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
This is the message that we absorb as kids, and this is the message that fully permeates as we grow up. 这是我们从小就接受的信息, 这个信息也渗透进我们 整个成长的过程中。
absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; permeates:v.弥漫(permeate的第三人称单数);
We women believe it, men believe it, and guess what? 我们女人相信这一点,男人也相信这一点, 猜一下怎么着?
As we become parents, we pass it on to our children, and so it goes. 当我们成为父母时, 我们把它又传给了下一代, 就这样一代代传下去。
Well, so now I had my answer. 现在我已经有了答案。
This is why women, even firewomen, were expected to be scared. 这就是为什么女人,甚至是女消防员, 也被认为是胆怯的。
This is why women often are scared. 这也是为什么女人通常胆小害怕的原因。
Now, I know some of you won't believe me when I tell you this, but I am not against fear. 我知道你们中的一部分人 不会相信我跟你说的这些, 但是我并不是反对恐惧感。
I know it's an important emotion , and it's there to keep us safe. 我知道它是一种很重要的 情绪,使我们保持安全。
emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;
But the problem is when fear is the primary reaction that we teach and encourage in girls whenever they face something outside their comfort zone. 但是如果每当我们的 女儿在外遇到困难, 我们的第一反应就是 教导和鼓励她们 去害怕的话,这就是个问题了。
reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
So I was a paraglider pilot for many years — 我曾经做过很多年的滑翔伞运动员——
paraglider:n.滑翔伞;滑翔伞运动员;
(Applause) (掌声)
and a paraglider is a parachute-like wing, and it does fly very well, but to many people I realize it looks just like a bedsheet with strings attached . 滑翔伞就是一个像降落伞一样的翅膀, 它能够很好的飞翔, 但是我意识到对很多人来说它看起来 就像是一张系了绳子的床单。
bedsheet:n.床单; strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数) attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) (笑声)
And I spent a lot of time on mountaintops inflating this bedsheet, running off and flying. 我花了很多时间在山顶 给这些床单充气, 然后一跃而下并飞翔。
mountaintops:n.山顶;(mountaintop的复数) inflating:n.充气;加压;v.膨胀;充气(inflate的ing形式);adj.膨胀的;充气的;
And I know what you're thinking. 我知道你们在想什么。
You're like, Caroline, a little fear would make sense here. 你们在想,卡洛琳,人们 对此有些害怕也是应该的。
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
And you're right, it does. 没错,你们是对的,的确如此。
I assure you, I did feel fear. 我的确也害怕过。
assure:vt.保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚;
But on that mountaintop, waiting for the wind to come in just right, 但是站在山顶上, 等待正确的风向时,
I felt so many other things, too: exhilaration , confidence. 我也会感受到很多其它的东西: 比如快乐、自信。
exhilaration:n.愉快;令人高兴;
I knew I was a good pilot. 我知道我是一个很好的滑翔伞运动员,
I knew the conditions were good, or I wouldn't be there. 只有当我确认条件适合的 时候才会站在那里。
I knew how great it was going to be a thousand feet in the air. 我知道飞翔在300米的高空中是多么的了不起。
So yes, fear was there, but I would take a good hard look at it, assess just how relevant it was and then put it where it belonged, which was more often than not behind my exhilaration, my anticipation and my confidence. 是的,有过害怕, 但是我会仔细的审视它, 评估它的重要性, 然后把它放在正确的位置, 而它通常是排在 我的愉快、期待 和信心之后。
assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的; more often than not:通常;多半; anticipation:n.希望;预感;先发制人;预支;
So I'm not against fear. 因此我不是反对害怕。
I'm just pro-bravery. 我只是支持勇敢。
Now, I'm not saying your girls must be firefighters or that they should be paragliders, but I am saying that we are raising our girls to be timid , even helpless , and it begins when we caution them against physical risk. 我不是说女孩子必须要成为消防员, 或者滑翔伞运动员, 而是想说我们正在把我们的 女孩们培养得胆小,甚至无助, 这一切都从我们提醒她们 注意身体上的危险开始。
firefighters:n.消防队员;(firefighter的复数) timid:adj.胆小的;羞怯的; helpless:adj.无助的;无能的;没用的; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
The fear we learn and the experiences we don't stay with us as we become women and morphs into all those things that we face and try to shed : our hesitation in speaking out, our deference so that we can be liked and our lack of confidence in our own decisions. 我们学到的恐惧感和那些 我们不曾有过的经历 伴随着我们长大成为女人, 然后演变成那些我们所面对 并且试图去摆脱的事情: 我们因犹豫而不敢发声, 我们顺从以招人喜欢, 以及对自己的决定缺乏信心。
morphs:n.词态;语素;变体;vt.在屏幕上变换图像;改变; shed:v.摆脱;去除;蜕;落;n.工棚;简易房;剪羊毛棚;挤奶棚; hesitation:n.犹豫; deference:n.尊重;遵从;听从;
So how do we become brave? 那么我们如何变得勇敢呢?
Well, here's the good news. 这里有一些好消息。
Bravery is learned, and like anything learned, it just needs to be practiced. 勇敢是可以学来的, 就像任何可以学的事情一样, 它只需要多加练习。
So first, we have to take a deep breath and encourage our girls to skateboard , climb trees and clamber around on that playground fire pole. 所以首先, 我们需要做一个深呼吸。 然后鼓励我们的女孩们 去玩滑板、去爬树, 以及围绕游乐场的消防滑杆攀爬。
skateboard:n.溜冰板;vi.用滑板滑行; clamber:vi.攀登,爬上;vt.爬,攀登;n.攀登,爬上;
This is what my own mother did. 我的母亲就是这么做的。
She didn't know it then, but researchers have a name for this. 她当时并不知道什么理论, 但是研究人员对此有一个专门的名称,
They call it risky play, and studies show that risky play is really important for kids, all kids, because it teaches hazard assessment , it teaches delayed gratification , it teaches resilience, it teaches confidence. 叫做危险游戏。 研究表明危险游戏真的 对小孩子很重要,对所有的小孩子, 因为它教会你去评估危险, 它教会你延迟享乐, 让你更有你韧性, 为你带来你信心。
hazard:n.危害;危险;v.试着提出;大胆猜测;冒…的风险;使处于危险中; assessment:n.评定;估价; gratification:n.满意;喜悦;使人满意之事;
In other words, when kids get outside and practice bravery, they learn valuable life lessons. 换而言之, 当孩子们走到室外并练习勇敢时, 他们在学习非常有价值的人生课程。
valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品;
Second, we have to stop cautioning our girls willy-nilly . 第二,不管愿不愿意, 都不要再去警告女孩们。
willy-nilly:adj.犹豫不决的;不容分辨的;adv.乱七八糟地;不管愿不愿意地;
So notice next time you say, "Watch out, you're going to get hurt," 所以要留意下次想说 “小心点,你会受伤的,”
or, "Don't do that, it's dangerous." 或者“不要那样做,很危险”的时候。
And remember that often what you're really telling her is that she shouldn't be pushing herself, that she's really not good enough, that she should be afraid. 请记住通常你真正想告诉她的是 她不应该去逼自己, 她的能力有限, 以及她应该害怕。
Third, we women have to start practicing bravery, too. 第三, 女性也需要开始去练习勇敢。
We cannot teach our girls until we teach ourselves. 在我们教会自己之前 我们没资格去教女孩们。
So here's another thing: fear and exhilaration the shaky hands,the heightened heart rate, the nervous tension , and I'm betting that for many of you the last time you thought you were scared out of your wits , you may have been feeling mostly exhilaration, and now you've missed an opportunity. 还有一件事: 害怕和愉快 发抖的双手,加快的心跳, 紧绷的神经, 我敢说对于大多数的你们来说, 上一次当你被吓到的时候, 你很可能更多感到的是愉快, 但是现在你已失去这一机会。
shaky:adj.摇晃的;不可靠的;不坚定的; heightened:v.(使)加强,提高,增加;(heighten的过去式和过去分词) tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧; betting:n.打赌;赌钱;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;(bet的现在分词) wits:n.智慧;头脑;智力;机智幽默的人;理解力;(wit的复数)
So practice. 因此要不断练习。
And while girls should be getting outside to learn to be gutsy, 同时女孩们应该出去学习变得胆大,
I get that adults don't want to get on hoverboards or climb trees, so we all should be practicing at home, in the office and even right here getting up the guts to talk to someone that you really admire. 我知道成年人不会想去滑板或者爬树, 所以我们所有的人都需要练习, 不管是在家,还是在办公室, 甚至就在此时此刻鼓起勇气 跟那个你钦佩的人交谈。
Finally , when your girl is, let's say, on her bike on the top of the steep hill that she insists she's too scared to go down, guide her to access her bravery. 最后,当你的女儿,比方说, 坐在陡坡上的自行车上时, 如果她坚持认为她 太害怕了不敢骑下去, 那么指导她去接近勇敢。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; steep:adj.陡峭的;不合理的;夸大的;急剧升降的;v.泡;浸;使…充满;n.峭壁;浸渍;
Ultimately, maybe that hill really is too steep, but she'll come to that conclusion through courage, not fear. 最终,也许那个坡的确太陡, 但是她会用勇气而不是害怕去克服它。
conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
Because this is not about the steep hill in front of her. 因为这与她面前的陡坡无关。
This is about the life ahead of her and that she has the tools to handle and assess all the dangers that we cannot protect her from, all the challenges that we won't be there to guide her through, everything that our girls here and around the world face in their future. 这关乎她以后的人生 而她获得了这些工具 去处理和接近 所有那些我们不能保护她远离的危险, 所有那些我们不能指导她通过的挑战, 以及所有今天在座的女孩 以及全世界的女孩 在未来可能面对的事情。
So by the way, the world record for crawling today — 顺便说一下, 那个爬行的世界纪录现在是——
(Laughter) (笑声)
is 35.18 miles, and I would really love to see a girl go break that. 已经是35.18英里了, 而我真的很想看到一个女孩去打破它。
(Applause) (掌声)