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BrightSimons_2019S-_参考开发中国家的做法，来协助解决全球问题_-
I am an ideas activist . 我是点子活动家。
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
That means I fight for ideas I believe in to have their place in the sun , regardless of which side of the equator they were born. 意思就是,我会为了 我所相信的点子而战, 让它们在太阳底下有一席之地, 不论这些点子是在 赤道的哪一边诞生的。
place in the sun:好的境遇;有太阳的地方; regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
As well I should. 我也该这么做。
I myself am from that part of the world often euphemistically referred to as either "the Global South" or "the developing world." 我的家乡,在世界上通常被称为 「南方世界」或「开发中世界」。
euphemistically:adv.委婉地;婉言地; referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词) Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
But let's be blunt about it: when we say those words, what we really mean is the poor world -- those corners of the world with ready-made containers for the hand-me-down ideas of other places and other people. 但,就直说吧: 当我们说出那些词时, 我们要说的其实是贫穷世界—— 世界上的这些角落都是 从其他地方的其他人 那边取得现成的点子。
blunt:adj.钝的,不锋利的;生硬的;直率的;v.使迟钝; ready-made:adj.现成的;做好的;陈旧的;平凡的; hand-me-down:adj.传下来的;现成而价廉质次的;n.传下来的东西;现成的廉价衣服;
But I'm here to depart a little bit from the script and to try and convince you that these places are actually alive and bubbling with ideas. 但,我来这里要谈的有些不同, 我想要试着说服各位, 这些地方其实充满了点子。
depart:v.离开;离去;起程;出发;离职; script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; bubbling:v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);(bubble的现在分词)
My real issue is: Where do I even start? 我真正的问题在于: 我该从何谈起？
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
So maybe Egypt, Alexandria , where we meet Rizwan. 也许埃及的亚历山大港吧, 这是瑞兹旺。
Alexandria:n.亚历山大港(位于埃及);亚历山大大帝;亚历山大市(美国弗吉尼亚一城市);
When he walks outside his souk , walks into a pharmacy for heart medicine that can prevent the blood in his arteries from clotting , he confronts the fact that, despite a growing epidemic 当他走出他的露天市场, 走去药房买心脏药物, 避免他的动脉栓塞, 他要面对的事实是, 尽管这种疾病越来越盛行,
souk:n.(穆斯林国家的)露天市场;露天剧场; pharmacy:n.药房;配药学,药剂学;制药业;一批备用药品; arteries:n.[解剖]动脉(artery的复数);v.给…提供动脉(artery的单数第三人称); clotting:v.(血或乳脂)凝结成块;(clot的现在分词) confronts:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的第三人称单数) despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的;
that currently accounts for 82 percent of all deaths in Egypt, it is the medicines that can address these conditions that counterfeiters , ever the evil geniuses they are, have decided to target. 占目前埃及 82% 的死因, 而治疗这些疾病的药物 就被有着才智的邪恶伪造者看上, 成为目标。
currently:adv.当前;一般地; counterfeiters:n.[法]伪造者;货币伪造者; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸; geniuses:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;(genius的复数)
Counterfeiters making knockoff medicines. 伪造者会制造假药。
knockoff:n.名牌仿制品,冒牌服装;中止,敲落;
Luckily for Rizwan, my team and I, working in partnership with the largest pharmaceutical company in Africa, have placed unique codes -- think of them like one-time passwords -- on each pack of the best-selling heart medicine in Egypt. 瑞兹旺很幸运, 我和我的团队 与非洲最大的制药公司合作, 将独一无二的代码—— 可以把它想成是一次性密码—— 放在埃及卖得最好的 心脏药物的包装上。
partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; one-time:adj.以前的;古时的;adv.一度(等于onetime);从前; best-selling:adj.最畅销的;畅销作品的;n.畅销品;
So when Rizwan buys heart medicine, he can key in these one-time passwords to a toll-free short code that we've set up on all the telecom companies in Egypt for free. 当瑞兹旺在购买心脏药物时, 他便能将那些一次性密码, 透过免付费电话输入, 这是我们和埃及的所有 电信業者合作设立的机制, 免费使用。
toll-free:adj.不用付电话费的; telecom:n.电信,远距通信;电讯;
He gets a message -- call it the message of life -- which reassures him that this medicine is not one of the 12 percent of all medicines in Egypt that are counterfeits . 他会得到一个讯息—— 可以称为是救命的讯息—— 跟他保证 这件药物不属于埃及所有药物中 那 12% 的假货。
reassures:vt.使…安心,使消除疑虑; counterfeits:n.仿冒品(counterfeit的复数形式);[法]伪造品;
From the gorgeous banks of the Nile, we glide into the beautiful Rift Valley of Kenya. 我们从尼罗河的壮丽河岸 滑进到肯亚的美丽裂谷中。
gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的; glide:n.滑翔;滑行;滑移;滑音;vt.滑翔;滑行;悄悄地走;消逝;vi.使滑行;使滑动; Rift Valley:n.地堑;裂谷;
In Narok Town, we meet Ole Lenku, salt-of-the-earth fellow. 这位是纳罗克镇的 优秀镇民欧雷林庫。
When he walks into an agrodealer's shop, all he wants is certified and proper cabbage seeds that, if he were to plant them, will yield a harvest rich enough that he can pay for the school fees of his children. 当他走进农業经销商的店, 他想要的只是有认证的 真甘蓝菜种子, 如果他种下这些种子, 丰富的产出就足以 让他支付他孩子的学费。
certified:adj.被证明了的; v.(尤指书面)证明,证实; (certify的过去式和过去分词) yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供;
That's all he wants. 他要的就只有这样。
Unfortunately , by the reckoning of most international organizations , 40 percent of all the seeds sold in Eastern and Southern Africa are of questionable quality, sometimes outrightly fake . 不幸的是, 根据大部分国际组织的计算, 卖到东非和南非的种子当中 有 40% 的品质很可疑, 有时根本就是假货。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; reckoning:n.计算;清算;算帐;v.计算;认为;指望(reckon的现在分词); organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; questionable:adj.可疑的;有问题的; fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
Luckily for Ole, once again, our team has been at work, and, working with the leading agriculture regulator in Kenya, we've digitized the entire certification process for seeds in that country, every seed -- millet , sorghum , maize -- 欧雷很幸运, 同样的,我们的团队也有介入, 和肯亚主要的农業监管机构合作, 我们把该国的整个种子认证过程 数位化, 每一个种子都不例外—— 黍、高粱、玉米——
regulator:n.调整者;校准器; digitized:adj.数字化的;v.使数字化(digitize的过去分词); certification:n.证明,保证;检定; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; millet:n.小米;粟;稷;黍的子实; sorghum:n.高粱;[作物]蜀黍;甜得发腻的东西; maize:adj.黄色的,玉米色的;n.玉米;黄色,玉米色;
such that when Ole Lenku keys in a code on a packet of millet, he's able to retrieve a digital certificate that assures him that the seed is properly certified. 这么一来,当欧雷林庫将黍类种子 包装上的代码输入后, 他就能够取得一个数位认证, 向他确保那包种子 有经过妥善的认证。
retrieve:v.取回;索回;检索数据;挽回;找回;n.恢复; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; certificate:n.证明;证明书;合格证书;文凭;v.发给结业证书;(尤指)发给职业培训证书;
From Kenya, we head to Noida in India, where the irrepressible Ambika is holding on very fast to her dream of becoming an elite athlete , safe in the knowledge that because of our ingredients rating technology , she's not going to ingest something accidentally , which will mess up her doping tests and kick her out of the sports she loves. 从肯亚,我们朝向 印度的诺伊达前进, 在那里,活力旺盛的安比卡 能坚持追寻她的梦想: 成为出色的运动员, 她感到安全,因为她知道 有我们的成份评分技术在, 她就不会意外吃下不该吃的东西, 让她过不了禁药檢测, 因而被踢出她最爱的运动圈。
irrepressible:adj.抑制不住的;压服不了的; elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物; athlete:n.运动员,体育家;身强力壮的人; ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; ingest:vt.摄取;咽下;吸收;接待; accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺; doping:v.给…用兴奋剂;给…服麻醉剂;使药力发作;(dope的现在分词)
Finally , we alight in Ghana, my own home country, where another problem needs addressing -- the problem of under-vaccination or poor-quality vaccination . 最后,我们来到迦纳, 我的祖国, 在那里,有另一个 问题需要处理—— 接种疫苗的比率太低, 或疫苗品质太差。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; alight:vi.下来;飞落;adj.烧着的;点亮着的; vaccination:n.接种疫苗;种痘;
You see, when you put some vaccines into the bloodstream of an infant , you are giving them a lifetime insurance against dangerous diseases that can cripple them or kill them. 当疫苗被注入到婴儿的血液当中, 就是给予这名婴儿一生的保证, 确保能够抵抗可能会让他们 瘫痪或死亡的危险疾病。
vaccines:n.[药][计]疫苗; bloodstream:n.[生理]血流,血液的流动; infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; cripple:vt.削弱;使跛;使残废;n.跛子;残废;adj.跛的;残废的;
Sometimes, this is for a lifetime. 有时,这能维持一生。
The problem is that vaccines are delicate organisms really, and they need to be stored between two degrees and eight degrees. 问题是,疫苗其实 是很脆弱的有机体, 必须要保存在 2~8 度的环境中。
delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的; organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体;
And if you don't do that, they lose their potency , and they no longer confer the immunity the child deserves . 如果没有这么做,就会失去效力, 不再能给予孩子 他们应得到的免疫力。
potency:n.效能;力量;潜力;权势; confer:vt.授予;给予;vi.协商; immunity:n.免疫力;豁免权;免除; deserves:v.值得;应得;应受;(deserve的第三人称单数)
Working with computer vision scientists, we've converted simple markers on the vials of vaccines into what you might regard as crude thermometers . 我们和电脑视觉科学家合作, 将疫苗瓶上的简单标识转换 成为类似天然温度计的东西。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式); markers:n.(表示方位的)标记,记号;标识;表示;记号笔;(marker的复数) vials:n.(用于盛装香水、药物等的)小瓶;(vial的复数) crude:adj.粗略的;简略的;大概的;粗糙的;n.原油;石油; thermometers:n.[仪]温度计(thermometer的复数);
So then, these patterns change slowly over time in response to temperature until they leave a distinct pattern on the surface of the vaccine, such that a nurse, with a scan of the phone, 这些模式会根据温度 随时间缓慢地改变, 直到它们在疫苗瓶的表面 留下明确的模式, 之后,护士可以用手机扫瞄,
in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
can detect if the vaccine was stored properly in the right temperature and therefore is still good for use before administering this to the child -- literally securing the next generation. 侦测出疫苗是否有 储存在正确的温度底下, 在为孩子施打疫苗之前, 就先判断疫苗是否可以使用, 真正确保下一代的安全。
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; administering:v.管理;施行;执行;给予;提供;(administer的现在分词) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
These are some of the solutions at work saving lives, redeeming societies, in these parts of the world. 在世界的这些地区, 有一些实施中的解决方案 能够拯救生命,挽救社会。
redeeming:v.补救;弥补;改变印象;维护;拯救;(redeem的现在分词)
But I would remind you that there are powerful ideas behind them, and I'll recap a few. 但,我要提醒各位, 在它们背后有着强大的点子, 让我重述其中几项。
remind:v.提醒;使想起; recap:n.翻新的轮胎;vt.翻新胎面;扼要重述;
One, that social trust is not the same as interpersonal trust. 第一,社会信任 和人际信任是不同的。
interpersonal:adj.人际关系的;人际的;
Two, that the division between consumption and regulation in an increasingly interdependent world is no longer viable . 第二,在越来越 相互依赖的世界中, 消费和规制之间的分歧 已经不再可行。
division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; interdependent:adj.相互依赖的;互助的; viable:adj.可行的;能养活的;能生育的;
And three, that decentralized autonomy , regardless of what our blockchain enthusiasts in the West -- whom I respect a lot -- say, are not as important as reinforcing social accountability feedback loops . 第三,分散式的自治, 不管在西方的区块链热衷者— — 我很尊敬他们—— 重要性不如强化 社会问责性回馈循环。
decentralized:adj.分散的; vt.使分散; autonomy:n.自治,自治权; enthusiasts:热心人;热衷者;狂热者(enthusiast的复数); reinforcing:vt.加强(reinforce的ing形式); accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; loops:n.[计]循环(loop复数); v.使...成环,以圈结,以环连结(loop的第三人称单数形式);
These are some of the ideas. 上述是其中一些想法。
Now, every time I go somewhere and I give this speech and I make these comments and I provide these examples, people say, "If these ideas are so damn brilliant, why aren't they everywhere? I've never heard of them." 每当我到某个地方做这样的演说、 提出这些意见、提供这些例子, 大家就会说: 「若这些点子这么棒, 为何没有散播出去？ 我从未听过它们。」
damn:v.谴责;该死;n.诅咒;adj.可恶的;
I want to assure you, the reason why you have not heard of these ideas is exactly the point I made in the beginning. 我要向各位保证, 你们还没有听过这些点子的原因, 正是我在一开始所提出的论点。
And that is that there are parts of the world whose good ideas simply don't scale because of the latitude on which they were born. 那个论点就是, 在世界上的某些地区, 那些好点子无法做大, 因为它们诞生地纬度限制了它们。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; latitude:n.纬度;界限;活动范围;
I call that " mental latitude imperialism ." 我称之为「心理纬度帝国主义」。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; imperialism:n.帝国主义;
(Laughter) （笑声）
That really is the reason. 那真的就是背后的原因。
But you may counter and say, "Well, maybe it's an important problem, but it's sort of an obscure problem in parts of the world. 但,各位可能会反驳说: 「嗯,也许那是个重要的问题, 但似乎只是世界上 某些偏僻地区的问题。
obscure:n.朦胧; adj.无名的; v.使模糊;
Why do you want to globalize such problems? 何必把它们全球化？
globalize:vt.使全球化;
I mean, they are better local." 维持地方性不是更好？」
What if , in response, I told you that actually, underlying each of these problems that I've described is a fundamental issue of the breakdown of trust in markets and institutions , and that there's nothing more global, more universal , closer to you and I than the problem of trust. 那如果,我的回应是告诉你, 在我刚才所描述的 每一个问题背后, 都可追溯到一个根本的议题: 对于市场和制度的信任在瓦解, 没有任何问题比信任问题更 全球性、更普遍、与你我更切身。
What if:如果…怎么办? underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
For example, a quarter of all the seafood marketed in the US is falsely labeled . 比如,在美国的海鲜市场中
seafood:n.海鲜;海味;海产食品; falsely:adv.错误地;虚伪地;不实地; labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式)
So when you buy a tuna or salmon sandwich in Manhattan, you are eating something that could be banned for being toxic in Japan. 当你在曼哈顿购买 一个鲔鱼或鲑鱼三明治, 你可能就吃下了在日本 因为有毒而遭禁的成份。
salmon:n.鲑鱼;大马哈鱼;鲑肉色;鲑鱼肉;橙红色,粉橙色;adj.浅澄色的; sandwich:n.三明治;夹心面包片; banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式) toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的;
Literally. 真的。
Most of you have heard of a time when horsemeat was masquerading as beef in burger patties in Europe? 大部分人应该都听过
horsemeat:n.马肉; masquerading:v.假扮;乔装;伪装;(masquerade的现在分词) patties:n.小馅饼(patty的复数形式);
You have. 你们听过,但你们不知道,
What you don't know is that a good chunk of these fake meat patties were also contaminated with cadmium , which can damage your kidneys . 这些假肉饼当中有很大一部分 也受到镉污染, 镉会伤害你的肾脏。
chunk:n.大块;矮胖的人或物; contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式) cadmium:n.[化学]镉(元素符号Cd); kidneys:n.[解剖]肾脏;转炉的附着物;肾形矿脉(kidney的复数);
This was Europe. 这是欧洲。
Many of you are aware of plane crashes and you worry about plane crashes, because every now and then , one of them intrudes into your consciousness . 许多人都知道飞机会坠机, 你们会担心坠机, 是因为偶尔,就会有一个 坠机事件闯进你的意识当中。
every now and then:不时地;常常; intrudes:vt.把…强加;把…硬挤;vi.闯入;侵入;侵扰; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉;
But I bet you don't know that a single investigation uncovered one million counterfeit incidents in the aeronautical supply chain in the US. 但,我敢说你们不知道, 一项调查发现, 在美国的空中供应链中 有一百万件伪造事件。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; uncovered:adj.裸露的; v.揭开盖子; (uncover的过去式和过去分词) aeronautical:adj.航空的;航空学的;飞机驾驶员的(等于aeronautic); supply chain:n.供应链;
So this is a global problem, full stop . 所以这是个全球性的问题,绝对是。
full stop:n.句号;句点;adv.就是这话;
It's a global problem. 是全球性的。
The only reason we are not addressing it with the urgency it deserves is that the best solutions, the most advanced solutions, the most progressive solutions, are, unfortunately, in parts of the world where solutions don't scale. 我们之所以没有 用它应得的急迫性来处理它, 只因为最佳的解决方案, 最先进的解决方案, 最进步的解决方案, 很不幸就存在于世界上 解决方案无法做大的那些地区。
urgency:n.紧急;催促;紧急的事; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派;
And that is why it is not surprising that attempts to create this same verification models for pharmaceuticals are now a decade behind in the USA and Europe, while it's already available in Nigeria. 那就是为什么,并不意外, 如今欧美在尝试针对药品 做出同样的验证模型, 但却已经落后了十年, 奈及利亚已经有了。
attempts:n.企图,试图;尝试(attempt的复数);v.试图;努力去做(attempt的三单形式); verification:n.确认,查证;核实; pharmaceuticals:n.药物(pharmaceutical的复数);
A decade, and costing a hundred times more. 十年,且成本还要高至少一百倍。
And that is why, when you walk into a Walgreens in New York, you cannot check the source of your medicine, but you can in Maiduguri in Northern Nigeria. 那就是为什么在纽约的沃尔格林 连锁药局,无法确认药的来源, 但在北奈及利亚的 迈杜古里却可以。
Walgreens:n.沃尔格林(美国最大连锁药店); source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
That is the reality. 那就是现实。（掌声）
(Applause) 那就是现实。
That is the reality. 那就是现实。
(Applause) （掌声）
So we go back to the issue of ideas. 我们再回到点子的议题上。
Remember, solutions are merely packaged ideas, so it is the ideas that are most important. 别忘了,解决方案 只是包装过的点子, 所以,最重要的是点子。
merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;
In a world where we marginalize the ideas of the Global South, we cannot create globally inclusive problem-solving models. 在这个世界中,我们 忽视南方世界的点子, 我们无法创造出全球 通用的问题解决模型。
marginalize:vt.排斥;忽视;使处于社会边缘;使脱离社会发展进程; inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; problem-solving:adj.问题解决的;n.解决问题;找出问题的答案;
Now, you might say, "Well, that's bad, but in such a world where we have so many other problems, do we need another cause?" 各位可能会说:「嗯,那真糟, 但,在这个世界上, 我们还有许多其他问题, 我们还需要另一个目标吗？」
I say yes, we need another cause. 我会说是,我们需要另一个目标。
Actually, that cause will surprise you: the cause of intellectual justice . 事实上,那个目标会让你们 惊讶:智慧正义的目标。
intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
You say, "What? Intellectual justice? In a world of human rights abuses ?" 你们会说:「什么？智慧正义？ 在人权被滥用的世界里？」
abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式);n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数);
And I explain this way: all the solutions to the other problems that affect us and confront us need solutions. 我会这样解释: 其他问题的解决方案, 若会影响我们、对抗我们,就也需要解决方案。
So you need the best ideas to address them. 需要用最好的点子来处理它们。
And that is why today I ask you, can we all give it one time for intellectual justice? 那就是为什么, 今天我想要问大家: 我们大家能不能一起给予 智慧正义一次机会？
(Applause) （掌声）