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BranFerren_2014-_结合艺术和科技，创造新世代_
Good morning. 早上好。
When I was a little boy, 在我小时候
I had an experience that changed my life, and is in fact why I'm here today. 有一个经历改变了我的一生, 这也是我站在这的原因。
That one moment profoundly affected how I think about art, design and engineering . 在那一刻 我对艺术、设计和工程的看法 被深深地改变了。
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up in a family of loving and talented artists in one of the world's great cities. 关于背景,我很幸运地生长在 位于世界最大城市之一的,一个充满爱和有才艺术家的家庭。
fortunate:adj.幸运的;交好运的;吉利的;
My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15, was an artist by both passion and profession , as is my mom, Rae. 我的父亲,John Ferren, 在我15岁的时候去世了, 他曾是一个热爱艺术的艺术家, 同我母亲Rae一样。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;
He was one of the New York School abstract expressionists who, together with his contemporaries , invented American modern art, and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist towards modernism in the 20th century. 他曾是纽约抽象表现主义画家 的一员, 他和他的同龄人一起, 创造了美国现代艺术, 并且为在20世纪把美国的时代思潮,推向现代主义做出了贡献。
abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要; expressionists:n.表现派作家;表现主义艺术家;adj.表现主义的; contemporaries:n.同龄,同辈人(contemporary复数形式); contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词) zeitgeist:n.时代思潮,时代精神; modernism:n.现代主义;现代思想;现代作风;
Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years of people doing mostly representational art, that modern art, comparatively speaking, is about 15 minutes old, yet now pervasive . 在具象派艺术盛行了几千年以后, 相比之下, 现代艺术就像只存在了15分钟, 如今卻非常普及, 这难道不是卓越非凡的吗？
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; representational:adj.代表的;具象派的; comparatively:adv.比较地;相当地; pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
As with many other important innovations , those radical ideas required no new technology , just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment, plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism and rejection . 其它许多重要的创新也是如此, 那些激进的理念无需任何新技术, 只需要创新的思维和敢于尝试的意愿, 加上能够承受几乎所有人批判与反对 的恢复能力。
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发; resiliency:n.弹性;跳回; in the face of:面对; criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责; rejection:n.抛弃;拒绝;被抛弃的东西;盖帽;
In our home, art was everywhere. 在我们家里,艺术无处不在。
It was like oxygen, around us and necessary for life. 它就像氧气, 环绕着我们,也是我们生命的需要。
As I watched him paint, 我看着父亲绘画的时候,
Dad taught me that art was not about being decorative , but was a different way of communicating ideas, and in fact one that could bridge the worlds of knowledge and insight . 他教导我说艺术 并不是用来装饰的, 而是交流思想的另一种方法, 确切的说,这种方法可以把知识和见解 这两个世界给联系起来。
decorative:adj.装饰性的;装潢用的; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
Given this rich artistic environment, you'd assume that I would have been compelled to go into the family business, but no. 在这样一个充满艺术气息的环境里, 你会认为我会被迫着 去从事家族企业, 但你错了。
artistic:adj.艺术的;风雅的;有美感的; assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; compelled:v.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应);(compel的过去分词和过去式)
I followed the path of most kids who are genetically programmed to make their parents crazy. 我像那些生来就是为了 逼家长们发疯的小孩子一样, 选择了另一条路。
genetically:adv.从遗传学角度;从基因方面;
I had no interest in becoming an artist, certainly not a painter. 我对成为一名艺术家毫无兴趣, 更别谈画家。
What I did love was electronics and machines -- taking them apart, building new ones, and making them work. 我当时爱的是电器和机械-- 把他们拆开,建造新的, 并让它们运作。
electronics:n.电子学;电子工业;
Fortunately , my family also had engineers in it, and with my parents, these were my first role models. 幸运的是,我的家庭中也有工程师, 他们和我的父母, 都是我最早的榜样。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
What they all had in common was they worked very, very hard. 他们所有人的共同点 就是都非常努力地工作。
My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn. 我的祖父曾在布鲁克林拥有一个 他自己运作的钣金橱柜厂。
sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; kitchen cabinet:n.政府首脑的参谋团;厨房的餐具柜;
On weekends, we would go together to Cortlandt Street, which was New York City's radio row. 在周末的时候,我们会一起去Cortlandt 街, 现在已经是纽约城的广播站了。
There we would explore massive piles of surplus electronics, and for a few bucks bring home treasures like Norden bombsights and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers. 在那里我们会探索成堆的 盈余的电子产品, 和一些物美价廉的宝贝, 比如诺登投弹瞄准器 和IBM最早生产的管座电脑的零件。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; piles:n.痔疮;痔; surplus:n.剩余;[贸易]顺差;盈余;过剩;adj.剩余的;过剩的; bucks:n.元;雄鹿;(buck的复数)
I found these objects both useful and fascinating . 我发现这些东西很有用也很吸引人。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
I learned about engineering and how things worked, not at school but by taking apart and studying these fabulously complex devices . 我认识了工程与一些东西的运作原理, 不是从学校, 而是通过拆卸和研究 这些极度复杂的装置。
fabulously:adv.难以置信地;惊人地; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数);
I did this for hours every day, apparently avoiding electrocution . 我每天都要在这上面花上好几个小时, 显然还要防止自己被电死。
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; electrocution:n.电刑;电死;
Life was good. 美好的生活。
However, every summer, sadly, the machines got left behind while my parents and I traveled overseas to experience history, art and design. 然而令人悲哀的是,每个夏天, 那些机器都会被抛下, 因为我父母会带着我出国 去体验历史、艺术和设计。
overseas:adv.在海外,海外;adj.海外的,国外的;
We visited the great museums and historic buildings of both Europe and the Middle East , but to encourage my growing interest in science and technology, they would simply drop me off in places like the London Science Museum, where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself studying the history of science and technology. 我们参观了位于欧洲和中东的 大博物馆和历史性建筑, 但为了激励我对科学和科技 日益增长的兴趣, 他们会简单的把我放到 像伦敦科学博物馆之类的地方, 在那里我会花几个小时无止尽的独自游走, 学习与科学和科技相关的历史。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); endlessly:adv.不断地;无穷尽地;
Then, when I was about nine years old, we went to Rome. 然后,在我差不多九岁的时候, 我们到了罗马。
On one particularly hot summer day, we visited a drum-shaped building that from the outside was not particularly interesting. 在一个格外炎热的夏天, 我们参观了一个外观并不起眼的 鼓形建筑。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
My dad said it was called the Pantheon , a temple for all of the gods. 我父亲告诉我它被称为万神殿, 一个为诸神而建的神殿。
Pantheon:n.万神殿;名流群;
It didn't look all that special from the outside, as I said , but when we walked inside, 从外面它看起来并不特别, 就像我之前说的,但当我们走进去的时候,
as I said:正如我所说的
I was immediately struck by three things: 我瞬间被三样东西震惊了:
First of all , it was pleasantly cool despite the oppressive heat outside. 首先,室内是令人舒服的凉爽, 尽管室外闷热。
First of all:adv.首先; pleasantly:adv.愉快地;和蔼地,亲切地;友好地; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; oppressive:adj.压迫的;沉重的;压制性的;难以忍受的;
It was very dark, the only source of light being an big open hole in the roof. 这里面非常暗,唯一的光线来源 是屋顶的一个大洞。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole, but it was called the oculus, an eye to the heavens. 父亲解释说这不是一个大洞, 而是被称为眼洞窗, 天堂的一只眼睛。
And there was something about this place, 还有,这个地方有些东西,
I didn't know why, that just felt special. 我不知道为什么,就是感觉很特别。
As we walked to the center of the room, 当我们走到房间的中央,
I looked up at the heavens through the oculus. 我通过眼洞窗仰望天堂。
This was the first church that I'd been to that provided an unrestricted view between God and man. 这是我到过的第一个 为神与人之间提供了 直接视野的教堂。
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) unrestricted:adj.自由的;无限制的;不受束缚的;
But I wondered, what about when it rained? 但我当时好奇,如果下雨了怎么办？
Dad may have called this an oculus, but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof. 虽然我父亲把它称为眼洞窗, 但它实际上就是房顶的一个大洞。
I looked down and saw floor drains had been cut into the stone floor. 我低头看到了地面的排水管 是切在地面的石头上的。
drains:n.排水沟(drain的复数);吸血;v.放出,排出(drain的第三人称单数);
As I became more accustomed to the dark, 当我变得更适应于黑暗,
accustomed to:习惯于;
I was able to make out details of the floor and the surrounding walls. 上的细节了。
No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff that we'd seen all over Rome. 这儿没什么大不了的,只是一些在罗马 随处可见的雕像罢了。
statuary:n.雕像;雕像艺术;adj.雕塑的;雕像用的; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
In fact, it looked like the Appian Way marble salesman showed up with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian, and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it." 实际上,它看上去像亚庇古道, 那个大理石推销员带着他的样本书出现, 展示给了哈德良, 然后哈德良说: 我们全都要了”的地方。
marble:n.大理石;大理石制品;弹珠;adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the ceiling was amazing. 但天花板还是很惊艳的。
It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome . 它看上去像Buckminster Fuller的一个穹顶建筑。
geodesic dome:n.短程线穹顶;
I'd seen these before, and Bucky was friends with my dad. 我曾经见过这些, Bucky也是我父亲的朋友。
Bucky:n.硬脆性;
It was modern, high-tech , impressive , a huge 142-foot clear span which, not coincidentally , was exactly its height. 它很现代、 高科技的、 令人印象深刻, 142 英尺的巨大净跨距 也并非巧合的,刚好是是它自身的高度。
high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技; impressive:adj.感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的; span:n.持续时间; v.持续; coincidentally:adv.巧合地;一致地;
I loved this place. 我爱这个地方。
It was really beautiful and unlike anything I'd ever seen before, so I asked my dad, "When was this built?" 它非常的美丽而且是我前所未见的, 所以我问我父亲: 这是什么时候修建的?
He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
And I said, "No, I mean, the roof." 我说: 不,我的意思是,屋顶 。
You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof that had been put on because the original was destroyed in some long-past war. 是这样,我把它默认为一个现代的屋顶, 把它放在那是因为原来的屋顶 在很久以前的一场战争中被摧毁了。
assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式) original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
He said, "It's the original roof." 他说, 它就是原始的屋顶 。
That moment changed my life, and I can remember it as if it were yesterday. 那一刻,我的一生被改变了, 而且依然令我记忆犹新。
For the first time, I realized people were smart 2,000 years ago. (Laughter) 这是我第一次意识到人类在2000多年前 就很聪明了。（笑声）
This had never crossed my mind. 这点我以前从未想到。
I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza, we visited those the year before, and sure they're impressive, nice enough design, but look, give me an unlimited budget , 我是说,在我看来,吉萨的金字塔, 我们去年参观过, 它们确实令人印象深刻、很好的设计, 不过,给我无限的预算、
unlimited:adj.无限制的;无限量的;无条件的; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
20,000 to 40,000 laborers , and about 10 to 20 years to cut and drag stone blocks across the countryside, and I'll build you pyramids too. 两万到四万个工人和大概10 至20 年 在乡村里切割和拖动石头块, 我也能给你修出金字塔。
laborers:n.劳动者(laborer的复数);工人; drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
But no amount of brute force gets you the dome of the Pantheon, not 2,000 years ago, nor today. 但是再多的蛮力也无法 创造出万神殿的圆顶, 两千年前不行,现在也不行。
no amount of:即使再大(或再多)的…(也不); brute:adj.残忍的;无理性的;n.畜生;残暴的人;
And incidentally, it is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built. 顺便说一下,它到目前为止仍是 历史上最大的未加固的混凝土圆顶。
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
To build the Pantheon took some miracles . 万神殿的修建包含了一些奇迹。
miracles:n.奇迹;奇人;不平凡的事;(miracle的复数)
By miracles, I mean things that are technically barely possible, very high-risk , and might not be actually accomplishable at this moment in time, certainly not by you. 我所说的奇迹是指 技术上几乎不可能的、 极度高的风险、并且可能 在这一时间段根本无法完成的, 当然更不是由你。
barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; high-risk:adj.高危险度的; accomplishable:adj.可完成的;可达成的;
For example, here are some of the Pantheon's miracles. 例如,下面是万神殿的一些奇迹。
To make it even structurally possible, they had to invent super-strong concrete, and to control weight, varied the density of the aggregate as they worked their way up the dome. 仅仅要让它的结构可行, 他们不得不创造超强的混凝土, 还得控制重量, 这是通过在搭建圆顶的过程中 不断改变混合物的密度而达到的。
structurally:adv.在结构上; varied:adj.多变的;各式各样的;杂色的;v.改变;使多样化;(vary的过去式和过去分词) density:n.密度; aggregate:vi.集合; vt.集合; n.合计; adj.聚合的;
For strength and lightness , the dome structure used five rings of coffers , each of diminishing size, which imparts a dramatic forced perspective to the design. 对于强度和轻度,圆顶的结构 使用了花格镶板的五个圆环, 每个的大小递减, 因此为设计赋予了一个
lightness:n.轻盈;轻松;明亮;(颜色)浅淡; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; coffers:n.金库(coffer的复数); v.用花格镶板装饰; diminishing:v.减少; adj.逐渐缩小的; imparts:v.传授;给予;告知(impart的三单形式); dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
It was wonderfully cool inside because of its huge thermal mass, natural convection of air rising up through the oculus, and a Venturi effect when wind blows across the top of the building. 它里面非常凉快 的原因是源于它庞大的热质量, 自然对流的空气上升 通过眼洞窗, 并在风吹过屋顶时 产生文丘里效应。
wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地; thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的;n.上升的热气流; convection:n.[流][气象]对流;传送; Venturi:n.文丘里管(一种流体流量测定装置,等于venturitube);
I discovered for the first time that light itself has substance . 我第一次发现光线本身 是有实质的。
substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品;
The shaft of light beaming through the oculus was both beautiful and palpable , and I realized for the first time that light could be designed. 透过眼洞窗的光束 是美丽的,也是可感知的, 并且让我第一次意识到 光是可以被设计的。
shaft:n.拍杆;[机]轴;箭杆;杆状物;v.利用;在…上装杆; beaming:v.发射(电波);笑容满面;播送;射出光(或热);(beam的现在分词) palpable:adj.明显的;可感知的;易觉察的;
Further, that of all of the forms of design, visual design, they were all kind of irrelevant without it, because without light, you can't see any of them. 进一步而言,所有形式的设计, 视觉设计, 如果没有它貌似就有些不切实际了, 因为如果没有光,那些东西你都看不见。
visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的;
I also realized that I wasn't the first person to think that this place was really special. 我还意识到我并不是第一个 认为这个地方很特别的人。
It survived gravity, barbarians , looters , developers and the ravages of time to become what I believe is the longest continuously occupied building in history. 它经受住了重力、 野蛮人、 掠夺者、 开发人员 和时间的蹂躏,从而成为了 我相信是历史上 被持续使用最久的建筑。
barbarians:n.野蛮人;蛮夷(barbarian的复数形式); looters:n.抢掠者(looter的复数); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); ravages:n.毁坏后的残迹; v.破坏(ravage的第三人称单数形式); continuously:adv.连续不断地; occupied:adj.被占领的; v.占用; (occupy的过去分词和过去式)
Largely because of that visit, 主要是因为那次参观,
Largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
I came to understand that, contrary to what I was being told in school, the worlds of art and design were not, in fact, incompatible with science and engineering. 我开始明白了, 与学校教导我的相反, 艺术和设计的世界 事实上并不是 不跟科学与工程兼容的。
contrary:adj.相反的;对立的;adv.相反地;n.相反;反面; incompatible:adj.不相容的;矛盾的;不能同时成立的;n.互不相容的人或事物;
I realized, when combined, you could create things that were amazing that couldn't be done in either domain alone. 我意识到,当两者结合时, 你可以创造惊出人的东西, 而这些只在单个领域是完成不了的。
domain:n.领域;域名;产业;地产;
But in school, with few exceptions, they were treated as separate worlds, and they still are. 但在学校,除了少数例外, 它们被视为独立的世界, 现在依然如此。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
My teachers told me that I had to get serious and focus on one or the other. 我老师说我必须正经地 选择一个领域。
However, urging me to specialize only caused me to really appreciate those polymaths like Michelangelo , Leonardo da Vinci, 然而,催促我专门化 只使得我更加感激那些博学者 例如 达 · 芬奇、 米开朗基罗、
specialize:vi.专门从事;专攻;专门研究(或从事) appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; polymaths:n.博学的人;adj.博学的; Michelangelo:n.米开朗基罗(意大利文艺复兴时期成就卓著的科学家,艺术家);
Benjamin Franklin, people who did exactly the opposite. 本杰明 · 富兰克林, 那些做了完全相反的人。
And this led me to embrace and want to be in both worlds. 这让我接受 并且想要存在于两个世界。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity like the Pantheon actually happen? 那么这些前所未有的创造性视野和复杂的技术 比如万神殿,是怎样出现的呢？
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; creative:adj.创造性的; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian, needed a brilliant creative vision. 一个人自身,或许同哈德良一样, 需要绝妙的创造性视野。
They also needed the storytelling and leadership skills necessary to fund and execute it, and a mastery of science and technology with the ability and knowhow to push existing innovations even farther. 他们还需要能够资助并且执行它的 叙述能力与领导能力, 和对科学与技术的掌握 加上能够把现有的创新推动更远 的能力与诀窍。
storytelling:n.讲故事;说谎话;adj.讲故事的;说谎的; fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助; execute:vt.实行;执行;处死; mastery:n.掌握;精通;优势;征服;统治权; knowhow:n.诀窍,技巧;情报;实际的能力;专门技术;
It is my belief that to create these rare game changers requires you to pull off at least five miracles. 我相信这些稀有的颠覆者 都至少需要创造五个奇迹。
changers:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式);
The problem is, no matter how talented, rich or smart you are, you only get one to one and a half miracles. 问题是,无论你是多么有才、 富于或是聪明, 你只能得到一个至一个半的奇迹。
That's it. That's the quota . 就这么多,这就是你的限额。
quota:n.配额;定额;限额;
Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm , whatever. 然后你就会耗尽你的时间、金钱、热情, 无论你有的是什么。
run out of:用完; enthusiasm:n.热心,热忱,热情;
Remember, most people can't even imagine one of these technical miracles, and you need at least five to make a Pantheon. 记住,大多数人连想都不敢想 这些技术奇迹的其中一个, 而你至少需要实现五个才能建成万神殿
In my experience, these rare visionaries who can think across the worlds of art, design and engineering have the ability to notice when others have provided enough of the miracles to bring the goal within reach. 以我的经验,在这些罕见的预言家中, 能够跨越艺术、设计、 和工程的世界思考的人, 就有能力察觉 什么时候其他人提供了足够多的奇迹 以至于目标是可以实现的了。
visionaries:n.空想主义者;愿景者;远见者(visionary的复数);
Driven by the clarity of their vision, they summon the courage and determination to deliver the remaining miracles and they often take what other people think to be insurmountable obstacles and turn them into features. 被他们透彻的远见所驱使, 他们鼓了起勇气和决心 来实现剩余的那些奇迹, 并且他们往往把他人认为是 无法逾越的障碍 转化成为特色。
clarity:n.清楚,明晰;透明; summon:v.召唤;召集;鼓起;振作; determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算; insurmountable:adj.不能克服的;不能超越的;难以对付的; obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式)
Take the oculus of the Pantheon. 以万神殿的眼洞窗为例。
By insisting that it be in the design, it meant you couldn't use much of the structural technology that had been developed for Roman arches . 由于坚持把它归于设计之中, 就意味着你不能大量运用为罗马的半圆拱形门 所研制的建筑科技。
Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的; arches:n.拱桥(arch的复数形式); v.用拱连接;
However, by instead embracing it and rethinking weight and stress distribution , they came up with a design that only works if there's a big hole in the roof. 然而,通过去欣然接受它 并且反思重量与压力的分布, 只在当屋顶有个大洞的时候才适用。
embracing:n.拥抱;v.拥抱,包含;(embrace的现在分词) rethinking:n.反思;v.重新考虑(rethink的现在分词); distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
That done, you now get the aesthetic and design benefits of light, cooling and that critical direct connection with the heavens. 事成之后,你就得到了光线、降温, 关键是那个能与天堂直接相对 的审美与设计上的好处。
aesthetic:adj.美的;美学的;审美的,具有审美趣味的; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Not bad. 还不错。
These people not only believed that the impossible can be done, but that it must be done. 这些人不只是相信 不可能可以被实现, 而是必须被实现。
Enough ancient history. 远古的历史就说到这。
What are some recent examples of innovations that combine creative design and technological advances in a way so profound that they will be remembered a thousand years from now? 当代有哪些关于 结合了创意性设计 和科技进步的创新,如此深刻, 它们直到一千年以后 还会被记住？
technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one, and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either. 说起来,把一个人送上月球是挺好, 让他安全地回来也不错。
Talk about one giant leap : 谈到巨大的飞跃:
giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲;
It's hard to imagine a more profound moment in human history than when we first left our world to set foot on another. 在人类历史上很难想象到 一个比我们初次离开地球 去踏入另一个世界 更深刻的时刻了。
set foot on:踏上;
So what came after the moon? 登月后还有什么呢？
One is tempted to say that today's pantheon is the Internet, but I actually think that's quite wrong, or at least it's only part of the story. 有人禁不住会说,如今的万神殿 是互联网, 但我确认为这不太对, 或者说这最多只是故事的一部分。
tempted:adj.想做…的; v.引诱; (tempt的过去分词和过去式)
The Internet isn't a Pantheon. 互联网不是一个万神殿。
It's more like the invention of concrete: important, absolutely necessary to build the Pantheon, and enduring , but entirely insufficient by itself. 它更像是混凝土的发明: 很重要、对建造万神殿 有绝对的必要, 并且让它持久, 但单独拿出来是没有用的。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; enduring:adj.持久的;耐久的;v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的现在分词) insufficient:adj.不足的,不充足的;n.不足;
However, just as the technology of concrete was critical in realization of the Pantheon, new designers will use the technologies of the Internet to create novel concepts that will endure . 然而,就像混凝土技术 是实现万神殿的关键, 新的设计师们将使用互联网技术 来打造新颖,并且能够持久的概念。
realization:n.实现;领悟; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说; endure:v.忍受;忍耐;持续;持久;
The smartphone is a perfect example. 智能手机是一个完美的例子。
smartphone:n.智能手机;
Soon the majority of people on the planet will have one, and the idea of connecting everyone to both knowledge and each other will endure. 很快,地球上绝大多数的人 都将拥有一台, 然后把每个人跟知识与他人 联系起来的点子就会持久。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
So what's next? 那么,下一个是什么?
What imminent advance will be the equivalent of the Pantheon? 有那些临近了的发展将能与万神殿相提并论？
imminent:adj.即将来临的;迫近的; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
Thinking about this, 想到这里,
I rejected many very plausible and dramatic breakthroughs to come, such as curing cancer . 我淘汰了很多非常值得鼓励 和戏剧性的潜在突破, 比如治疗癌症。
rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词) plausible:adj.貌似可信的,花言巧语的;貌似真实的,貌似有理的; breakthroughs:突破; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
Why? Because Pantheons are anchored in designed physical objects, ones that inspire by simply seeing and experiencing them, and will continue to do so indefinitely . 为什么呢？因为万神殿被固定为了 被设计出的有形物体, 是那些人们单是通过观看和体验 就能受到启发的东西, 并且会这样无期限地延续下去。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; indefinitely:adv.不确定地,无限期地;模糊地,不明确地;
It is a different kind of language, like art. 它是一种不同的语言,就像艺术。
These other vital contributions that extend life and relieve suffering are, of course, critical, and fantastic , but they're part of the continuum of our overall knowledge and technology, like the Internet. 另外这些为延长寿命和减轻病痛所做出的贡献 当然也是至关重要, 并且精妙绝伦的, 但它们是我们对 知识和科技的总体认识的一部分延伸, 就像互联网。
vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; contributions:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;(contribution的复数) extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸; relieve:v.减轻;缓解;缓和;接替; fantastic:奇异的,空想的 continuum:n.[数]连续统;[经]连续统一体;闭联集; overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
So what is next? 那么,下一个是什么?
Perhaps counterintuitively, 或许与直觉相反,
I'm guessing it's a visionary idea from the late 1930s that's been revived every decade since: autonomous vehicles . 我猜这是一个富有远见的想法, 从 30 年代末开始, 每十年都会经历复兴: 自动驾驶汽车。
visionary:adj.梦想的;幻影的;n.空想家;梦想者;有眼力的人; revived:v.(使)苏醒,复活;重新使用;使重做;重新上演;(revive的过去分词和过去式) autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
Now you're thinking, give me a break. 你现在会想,别逗我了。
How can a fancy version of cruise control be profound? 不同版本的巡航控制怎么可能 是意义深远的呢？
fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象; cruise control:n.定速巡航装置(让车辆以选定速度行驶);
Look, much of our world has been designed around roads and transportation . 是这样,我们世界的一大部分 都是围绕着道路与交通设计的。
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
These were as essential to the success of the Roman Empire as the interstate highway system to the prosperity and development of the United States. 这些东西是必不可少的, 对于罗马帝国的成就, 和作为州际公路系统 对于美国的
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; interstate:adj.州际的;州与州之间的;n.(美)州际公路; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Today, these roads that interconnect our world are dominated by cars and trucks that have remained largely unchanged for 100 years. 以汽车和卡车占主导地位, 这些东西在100年间在大体上 没有太大的改变。
interconnect:vt.使互相连接;vi.互相联系; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) unchanged:adj.未改变的;
Although perhaps not obvious today, autonomous vehicles will be the key technology that enables us to redesign our cities and, by extension , civilization . 虽然在今天可能并不明显, 自驾车辆将是很关键的技术, 它能让我们重新设计我们的城市 还有相关的,文明。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明;
Here's why: 原因如下:
Once they become ubiquitous , each year, these vehicles will save tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone and a million globally. 一旦它们普及起来, 每年,这些车辆都将拯救 成千上万的生命,这仅仅在美国, 在全世界将是数千万。
ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的;
Automotive energy consumption and air pollution will be cut dramatically . 汽车产业所消耗的能源 和污染的空气将大幅削减。
Automotive:adj.汽车的;自动的; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
Much of the road congestion in and out of our cities will disappear . 很多在我们城市间 发生的道路挤塞将会消失。
congestion:n.拥挤;拥塞;充血; disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
They will enable compelling new concepts in how we design cities, work, and the way we live. 他们会允许一些令人叹服的新概念, 影响我们对城市、工作, 和我们的生活方式的设计。
compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词)
We will get where we're going faster and society will recapture vast amounts of lost productivity now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting. 我们将能更快地到达目的地, 社会也将会夺回大量 为了治理交通污染 而失去了的生产力。
recapture:vt.夺回; n.夺回; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
But why now? Why do we think this is ready? 但为什么是现在？我们为什么认为已经准备好了？
Because over the last 30 years, people from outside the automotive industry have spent countless billions creating the needed miracles, but for entirely different purposes. 因为在过去的30年间, 从事汽车行业以外的人 花费了数亿的资金 创造所需要的奇迹, 但目的确完全不同。
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的;
It took folks like DARPA, universities, and companies completely outside of the automotive industry to notice that if you were clever about it, autonomy could be done now. 这是通过像DARPA、大学,（DARPA:美国国防部高级研究计划局） 和与汽车产业完全无关的企业的那些人 来注意到,如果你机灵点, 自动驾驶现在可以实现了。
autonomy:n.自治,自治权;
So what are the five miracles needed for autonomous vehicles? 那么自驾车辆所需的五个奇迹是什么？
One, you need to know where you are and exactly what time it is. 第一,你需要知道 你所处的位置与现在的时间。
This was solved neatly by the GPS system, 这由GPS系统完美地解决了,
neatly:adv.整洁地;熟练地;灵巧地;
Global Positioning System, that the U.S. Government put in place. 全球定位系统, 由美国政府落实了。
Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
You need to know where all the roads are, what the rules are, and where you're going. 你需要知道所有的路都在哪里、 有什么规则,和你要去哪。
The various needs of personal navigation systems, in-car navigation systems, and web-based maps address this. 对于私人导航系统的各种需求, 车载导航系统, 和网络的地图解决了这个问题。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; navigation:n.导航;航行;领航; in-car:在汽车内使用的; web-based:adj.基于网络的;
You must have near-continuous communication with high-performance computing networks and with others nearby to understand their intent . 你必须拥有 几乎无间断的交流 才能了解他们的意图。
high-performance:adj.高性能的;高效能的; computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; intent:n.意图;目的;含义;adj.专心的;急切的;坚决的;
The wireless technologies developed for mobile devices, with some minor modifications , are completely suitable to solve this. 为移动设备所开发的无线技术, 加上一些小的修改, 完全可以解决这个问题。
wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; minor:adj.未成年的; n.未成年人; vi.副修; modifications:n.修改;改进;改变;(modification的复数) suitable:adj.合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的;
You'll probably want some restricted roadways to get started that both society and its lawyers agree are safe to use for this. 若要开始,你可能需要一些 受限的道路, 从而让社会和律师们 都同意它的使用是安全的。
roadways:n.道路;路面;车行道;铁路的路基;
This will start with the HOV lanes and move from there. 这将从高乘载车道开始 然后扩张。
lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式);
But finally , you need to recognize people, signs and objects. 但你最终需要辨认 人、 路标和物体。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
Machine vision, special sensors , and high-performance computing can do a lot of this, but it turns out a lot is not good enough when your family is on board. 机器视觉、特殊传感器,与高性能计算 都可以做到一大部分, 但事实证明一大部分是不够的, 因为你的家人的安全也由它掌握着。
sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
Occasionally , humans will need to do sense-making. 人们将时不时地需要开动脑筋。
Occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
For this, you might actually have to wake up your passenger and ask them what the hell that big lump is in the middle of the road. 为此,你可能真的要去把你的乘客叫醒 马路中间的那一大块是什么鬼东西。
passenger:n.旅客;乘客;白吃饭的人;闲散人员; lump:n.肿块;(通常为无定形的)块;隆起;笨重的人;v.把…归并一起(或合起来考虑);
Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose in this new world. 这不算太糟糕,而且会在这个新的世界 赋予我们一种使命感
Besides , once the first drivers explain to their confused car that the giant chicken at the fork in the road is actually a restaurant, and it's okay to keep driving, every other car on the surface of the Earth will know that from that point on. 再说了,一旦第一个司机解释 给他们困惑的车说 那个挡在分岔口的巨型小鸡 其实是一家餐厅, 并告诉它没关系,继续开车, 从那时开始,地球表面上一半的车辆 都会了解这一点。
Besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
Five miracles, mostly delivered, and now you just need a clear vision of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles with seductively beautiful and new functional designs plus a lot of money and hard work to bring it home. 五个奇迹,差不多都到齐了, 而现在你唯独需要一个清晰的视野, 能看到一个遍地是自驾车辆的世界, 它们的设计散发着极具诱惑性的美丽并拥有全新的性能, 再加上大量的钱和辛苦的劳动, 才能把它变成现实。
seductively:adv.诱惑地;勾引地; functional:adj.功能的;
The beginning is now only a handful of years away, and I predict that autonomous vehicles will permanently change our world over the next several decades. 它的开始相对现在只有几年的距离了, 而且我预测自驾车辆 将永久地改变我们的世界, 就在接下来的几十年间。
predict:v.预报;预言;预告; permanently:adv.永久地,长期不变地;
In conclusion , I've come to believe that the ingredients for the next Pantheons are all around us, just waiting for visionary people with the broad knowledge, multidisciplinary skills, and intense passion to harness them to make their dreams a reality. 作为总结,我开始相信 建造下一个万神殿的材料 就在我们身边, 只是在等待有远见的人, 加上他们广泛的知识、 多学科的技能, 和想要运用它们 从而把梦想变成现实的强烈热情。
In conclusion:总之;最后; ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数) multidisciplinary:adj.有关各种学问的; intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; harness:vt.治理; n.马具;
But these people don't spontaneously pop into existence. 但这些人不是自然地 就蹦出来了。
spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地;
They need to be nurtured and encouraged from when they're little kids. 他们需要从小开始 就加以培育和鼓励。
nurtured:v.养育;培养;养护;支持(nurture的过去分词和过去式)
We need to love them and help them discover their passions . 我们要爱护他们并且帮助他们 发现他们的热情所在。
passions:n.强烈情感;激情;盛怒;(passion的复数)
We need to encourage them to work hard and help them understand that failure is a necessary ingredient for success, as is perseverance . 我们需要去鼓励他们努力工作 并帮助他们理解失败 是成功的必要因素, 毅力也是如此。
perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力;
We need to help them to find their own role models, and give them the confidence to believe in themselves and to believe that anything is possible, and just as my grandpa did when he took me shopping for surplus, and just as my parents did when they took me to science museums, we need to encourage them to find their own path, even if it's very different from our own. 我们需要帮助他们找到自己的榜样, 并给他们能够相信自己 和一切皆有可能的信心, 正如我爷爷的带着我去淘盈余商品的时候, 正如我的父母带我 去科学博物馆的时候, 我们需要鼓励他们去找自己的路, 即使它与我们自己的不同。
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
But a cautionary note: 但要警惕的是:
cautionary:adj.警告的;劝诫的;
We also need to periodically pry them away from their modern miracles, the computers, phones, tablets , game machines and TVs, take them out into the sunlight so they can experience both the natural and design wonders of our world, our planet and our civilization. 我们还需要定期地把他们 与现代的奇迹分开, 比如计算机、 手机、 平板电脑、 游戏机和电视机, 带他们去沐浴阳光 从而让他们有机会体验自然 与我们世界、我们星球, 和我们文明的设计奇观。
periodically:adv.定期地;周期性地;偶尔;间歇; pry:v.撬动,撬开;刺探,探查;n.窥探;杠杆; tablets:n.药片;片剂;(固定于墙上作纪念的)牌,碑,匾;(tablet的第三人称单数和复数) sunlight:n.日光;
If we don't, they won't understand what these precious things are that someday they will be resopnsible for protecting and improving . 如果我们不这样,他们就无法理解 这些珍贵的东西是什么, 这些将是他们在未来某天有义务 去保护和改善的东西。
precious:adj.宝贵的;珍贵的;矫揉造作的; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
We also need them to understand something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated in our increasingly tech-dependent world, that art and design are not luxuries , nor somehow incompatible with science and engineering. 我们还需要他们理解 一件在我们越发依赖科技的世界里 似乎没有被充分领会的事, 就是艺术与设计 不是奢侈品, 也不是跟科学与工程 无法兼容的。
adequately:adv.充分地;足够地;适当地; appreciated:v.欣赏;感激;理解;(appreciate的过去分词和过去式) increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; luxuries:n.奢侈的享受;奢华;奢侈品;(luxury的复数) somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
They are in fact essential to what makes us special. 事实上,只有它们才能让我们如此特别。
Someday, if you get the chance, perhaps you can take your kids to the actual Pantheon, as we will our daughter Kira, to experience firsthand the power of that astonishing design, which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome, reached 2,000 years into the future to set the course for my life. 某一天,如果你有机会, 或许你可以把你的孩子 带到真正的万神殿, 就像我们会把我们的女儿Kira 带去亲身体验 那令人震惊的设计所带来的力量, 这让在罗马本是平凡普通的一天, 延伸到了未来两千年后, 并为我的人生设定了方向。
firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; astonishing:adj.令人十分惊讶的;v.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;(astonish的现在分词) unremarkable:adj.平凡的;不显著的;不值得注意的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）