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BobbyGhosh_2012X-_为什么说全球性的圣战正在消亡_
I'm going to talk about the power of a word: jihad . 这里我想谈谈词汇的力量。 圣战（jihad）
jihad:n.讨伐异教徒;拥护运动;护教战争;
To the vast majority of practicing Muslims, jihad is an internal struggle for the faith . 对于大多数穆斯林来说 圣战是为坚守信仰而经历的内心抗争。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
It is a struggle within, a struggle against vice , sin , temptation , lust , greed . 是发自内心地抗争邪恶、罪恶、 诱惑,肉欲和贪婪。
vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的; sin:n.罪恶;罪行;过错;过失;恶行;v.犯戒律;犯过失; temptation:n.诱惑;引诱;煽诱人的事物; lust:n.性欲;强烈的欲望;vi.贪求,渴望; greed:n.贪婪,贪心;
It is a struggle to try and live a life that is set by the moral codes written in the Koran . 是努力过上可兰经 道德准则下的生活。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; Koran:n.《可兰经》,《古兰经》(伊斯兰教);
In that original idea, the concept of jihad is as important to Muslims as the idea of grace is to Christians. 在原始教义中,圣战之于穆斯林 就如同主恩（grace）之于基督教徒那样重要。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; grace:n.优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲;v.使优美;
It's a very powerful word, jihad, if you look at it in that respect, and there's a certain almost mystical resonance to it. 从这个的角度来看,圣战,是一个非常有力的词汇, 能唤起某种几近神秘的共鸣。
mystical:adj.神秘的;神秘主义的; resonance:n.[力]共振;共鸣;反响;
And that's the reason why, for hundreds of years, 这也是为什么,数百年以来,
Muslims everywhere have named their children Jihad, their daughters as much as their sons, in the same way that, say, Christians name their daughters Grace, and Hindus , my people, name our daughters Bhakti , which means, in Sanskrit , spiritual worship . 世界各地的穆斯林,纷纷为自己的女儿或儿子 起名为圣战（Jihad）, 就好比基督教徒为自己女儿起名Grace（圣恩）, 又好比我们印度教徒为自己女儿起名Bhakti(巴克缇）, 也就是梵语中精神崇拜的意思。
Hindus:n.印度教徒;印度教的; Bhakti:n.宗教虔诚(以对一个神的虔诚信奉求得自身的解脱);终身信奉一神; Sanskrit:adj.梵文的;n.梵文; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; worship:n.崇拜;崇敬;爱慕;阁下;v.崇拜(上帝或神);做礼拜;热爱;崇拜;
But there have always been, in Islam, a small group, a minority , who believe that jihad is not only an internal struggle but also an external struggle against forces that would threaten the faith, or the faithul. 但在伊斯兰人群中,总是有一小群人, 少数人,认为圣战 不仅是内心的抗争,而是对外的斗争, 用来对抗任何威胁到他们信仰,或者信众的力量。
minority:n.少数民族;少数派;未成年;adj.少数的;属于少数派的; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
And some of these people believe that in that struggle, it is sometimes okay to take up arms. 其中有些人还认为这样的斗争中, 可以拿起武器。
And so the thousands of young Muslim men who flocked to Afghanistan in the 1980s to fight against the Soviet occupation of a Muslim country, in their minds they were fighting a jihad, they were doing jihad, and they named themselves the Mujahideen , which is a word that comes from the same root as jihad. 于是数千名年轻的穆斯林 在1980年代聚集到阿富汗 与占领穆斯林国家的苏联作战, 在他们心中,这才是圣战, 是护教战争, 他们把自己称为穆斯林圣战游击队, 用的就是和圣战（Jihad）一样的词根。
flocked:v.聚集(flock的过去分词);成群而行;n.植绒;舒美绒皮; Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲); Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; occupation:n.职业;占领;占用;工作; Mujahideen:n.圣战者,(尤指中东的)穆斯林游击队员;
And we forget this now, but back then the Mujahideen were celebrated in this country, in America. 如今,我们已经忘记了这些,但是当年 穆斯林圣战游击队在这个国家,在美国都受到颂扬。
We thought of them as holy warriors who were taking the good fight to the ungodly communists . 我们认为他们是与共产主义异教徒 进行正义战争的圣战勇士。
warriors:n.(尤指旧时的)武士,勇士,斗士(warrior的复数) ungodly:adj.邪恶的;不敬畏神的;荒唐的; communists:n.共产党员(communist的复数形式);
America gave them weapons, gave them money, gave them support, encouragement. 美国给枪,给钱, 给予他们支持与鼓励。
But within that group, a tiny, smaller group, a minority within a minority within a minority, were coming up with a new and dangerous conception of jihad, 但是就在这群人中,更小一小撮, 少之又少的一小撮, 正在形成一个全新而危险的 圣战的概念,
conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始;
and in time this group would come to be led by Osama bin Laden , and he refined the idea. 那个时候,这群人的领袖就是奥萨马本拉登。 他重新定义了这个概念。
Laden:adj.负载的; vt.装载(等于lade); vi.装载(等于lade); v.装载(lade的过去分词); refined:adj.精制的; v.精炼;
His idea of jihad was a global war of terror, primarily targeted at the far enemy, at the crusaders from the West, against America. 他关于圣战的概念是全球的恐怖主义战争, 主要是针对自己的死敌, 从十字军到西方世界,反对美国。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; crusaders:n.十字军;十字军战士(crusader的复数);
And the things he did in the pursuit of this jihad were so horrendous , so monstrous , and had such great impact , that his definition was the one that stuck, not just here in the West. 他在追求圣战时的所作所为 令人发指, 并且影响力巨大, 他的定义不仅限于本地, 而且剑指西方世界。
in the pursuit of:追求;为了追求; horrendous:adj.可怕的;惊人的; monstrous:adj.巨大的;怪异的;荒谬的;畸形的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
We didn't know any better. We didn't pause to ask. 我们对此知之甚少。我们也没有更多的关注。
We just assumed that if this insane man and his psychopathic followers were calling what they did jihad, then that's what jihad must mean. 我们只是认为如果这个疯狂的人和他狂热的追随者 把他们的行为称为圣战,便以为圣战就是他们说的意思。
assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式) insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的; psychopathic:adj.精神病的;精神错乱的;n.精神变态者;
But it wasn't just us. Even in the Muslim world, his definition of jihad began to gain acceptance . 但是,不光是我们,就是穆斯林世界, 他对于圣战的定义都开始得到认可。
acceptance:n.验收;接受;认可;承认;
A year ago I was in Tunis, and I met the imam of a very small mosque , an old man. 一年以前我在突尼斯,我在一个很小的清真寺遇到了一个阿訇 一位老人。
imam:n.伊玛目;(伊斯兰的)阿訇; mosque:n.清真寺;
Fifteen years ago, he named his granddaughter Jihad, after the old meaning. He hoped that a name like that would inspire her to live a spiritual life. 在十五年前,他给自己的孙女起名Jihad（圣战）, 当然用的是原来的涵义。他希望这样的名字 能够在孙女的精神世界鼓舞她。
inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
But he told me that after 9/11, he began to have second thoughts . 但是他告诉我,在911之后, 他想法变了。
second thoughts:重新考虑;重新思量;
He worried that if he called her by that name, especially outdoors, outside in public, he might be seen as endorsing bin Laden's idea of jihad. 他担心如果他还叫她这个名字, 特别是在大庭广众之下叫, 他可能会被认为是支持本拉登对圣战的理念。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; endorsing:v.(公开)赞同,支持,认可; (endorse的现在分词)
On Fridays in his mosque, he gave sermons trying to reclaim the meaning of the word, but his congregants , the people who came to his mosque, they had seen the videos. They had seen pictures of the planes going into the towers, the towers coming down. 每个周五在他的清真寺,他布道的时候 都试图重申这个词的原意, 但是他的教众,那些到清真寺来的人, 他们都看到了那些视频。都看到了飞机撞向 世贸大厦,大厦倒塌的画面。
sermons:n.布道;讲道;冗长的说教;(sermon的复数) reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶; congregants:n.(会议)召集人;聚会者;
They had heard bin Laden say that that was jihad, and claimed victory for it. And so the old imam worried that his words were falling on deaf ears. No one was paying attention. 他们都听到本拉登把这个称为圣战, 并称之为胜利。这位老人非常担心 他自己的说法如对牛弹琴,无人注意。
claimed:v.宣称;声称;断言;索取;认领;索要(claim的过去分词和过去式)
He was wrong. Some people were paying attention, but for the wrong reasons. 但是他错了,人们认真聆听, 但却是另有原因。
The United States, at this point, was putting pressure on all its Arab allies , including Tunisia , to stamp out extremism in their societies, and this imam found himself suddenly in the crosshairs of the Tunisian intelligence service. 当时的美国,正在给阿拉伯国联盟国家, 包括突尼斯施加压力, 要求他们清除社会中的极端势力, 这位阿訇发现自己突然被突尼斯情报部门 给盯上了。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数) Tunisia:n.突尼斯(非洲国家); stamp out:扑灭;踩灭; extremism:n.极端主义(尤指政治上的极右或极左);极端性;过激主义; crosshairs:n.十字准线;瞄准器; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
They had never paid him any attention before -- old man, small mosque -- but now they began to pay visits, and sometimes they would drag him in for questions, and always the same question: "Why did you name your granddaughter Jihad? 之前他们从来关注过 这位老人,这么小的一个清真寺, 但是现在他们开始频繁拜访, 有时候还会拉着他问一些问题, 其中总会有这个同样的问题: 为什么给你孙女起名叫Jihad（圣战）
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
Why do you keep using the word jihad in your Friday sermons? 为什么在你周五布道是总是提到圣战这个词？
Do you hate Americans? 你恨美国人吗？
What is your connection to Osama bin Laden?" 你和奥萨马本拉登什么关系？
So to the Tunisian intelligence agency , and organizations like it all over the Arab world, jihad equaled extremism, 在突尼斯情报部门看来, 或者在阿拉伯世界的类似机构看来, 圣战等同于极端主义,
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; equaled:adj.平等的;相等的;胜任的;vt.等于;比得上;n.对手;匹敌;同辈;相等的事物;
Bin Laden's definition had become institutionalized . 本拉登下的定义已经鸠占鹊巢。
institutionalized:adj.使成惯例的; v.使成为惯例(institutionalize的过去式和过去分词);
That was the power of that word that he was able to do. 这就是词汇的力量,也是他能做到的事情。
And it filled this old imam, it filled him with great sadness. 这个让这位阿訇老人非常伤心。
He told me that, of bin Laden's many crimes, this was, in his mind, one that didn't get enough attention, that he took this word, this beautiful idea. 他说,在他看来,没有引起足够关注的是, 因为本拉登的罪恶行径, 这个词的美好涵义被剥夺。
He didn't so much appropriate it as kidnapped it and debased it and corrupted it and turned it into something it was never meant to be, and then persuaded all of us that it always was a global jihad. 就好像这个词被绑架, 被糟蹋,或者被迫堕落一样 变成了它从来不应该成为的东西, 并且说服我们所有人,这个词从来就是 全球性圣战的意思。
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; debased:adj.低质量的;v.贬低(debase的过去分词); corrupted:v.使腐化;使堕落;破坏;损坏;(corrupt的过去分词和过去式) persuaded:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的过去式和过去分词)
But the good news is that the global jihad is almost over, as bin Laden defined it. 但是好消息是 本拉登定义的全球性圣战这个概念已经终结。
defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确;
It was dying well before he did, and now it's on its last legs. 在他被击毙之前这个定义已经快要消亡了, 现在更是行将就木。
Opinion polls from all over the Muslim world show that there is very little interest among Muslims in a global holy war against the West, against the far enemy. 在穆斯林中的调查显示 在穆斯林当中对于西方世界, 对于死敌的全球性圣战 已经没有什么市场了。
polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式);
The supply of young men willing to fight and die for this cause is dwindling . 愿意为之战斗并献身的年轻人越来越少。
dwindling:减少;变小;退化;使减少(dwindle的现在分词);
The supply of money — just as important, more important perhaps — the supply of money to this activity is also dwindling. 同样重要,甚至是也许更重要的, 是对于这种行为的资助也越来越少。
The wealthy fanatics who were previously sponsoring this kind of activity are now less generous . 那些之前资助这些活动的极端狂热的富翁们 也没有原来那么大方了。
fanatics:n.狂热者;盲信者(fanatic的复数); previously:adv.先前;以前; sponsoring:v.赞助;主办;促成;为慈善活动捐资;(sponsor的现在分词) generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的;
What does that mean for us in the West? 这对我们西方来说意味着什么呢？
Does it mean we can break out the champagne , wash our hands of it, disengage , sleep easy at night? 这是不是说我们就可以打开香槟, 洗洗手,放松下来,然后安心睡个好觉了？
champagne:n.香槟酒;香槟酒色; disengage:vt.使脱离;解开;解除;vi.脱出;松开;
No. Disengagement is not an option , because if you let local jihad survive, it becomes international jihad. 放松是不行的, 因为你如果让地区性圣战生存下来, 就会变成国际圣战。
Disengagement:n.脱离;分开; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
And so there's now a lot of different violent jihads all over the world. 而且,现在各种各样的 暴力圣战出现在世界各地。
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的;
In Somalia, in Mali, in Nigeria, in Iraq, in Afghanistan, Pakistan, there are groups that claim to be the inheritors of the legacy of Osama bin Laden. 在索马里,在马里,在尼日利亚, 在伊拉克,在阿富汗,巴基斯坦,众多组织 继承了奥萨马本拉登的衣钵。
inheritors:n.继承者;后继者(inheritor的复数); legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
They use his rhetoric . 他们仍然运用他的伎俩。
rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的;
They even use the brand name he created for his jihad. 他们甚至就用他给自己的圣战所采用的名号。
brand name:adj.著名品牌的;
So there is now an al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, there's an al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula , there is an al Qaeda in Mesopotamia. 在伊斯兰马格里布有个基地组织, 在阿拉伯半岛有个基地组织, 在美索不达米亚也有个基地组织。
Islamic:adj.穆斯林的; Peninsula:n.半岛;
There are other groups -- in Nigeria, Boko Haram , in Somalia, al Shabaab -- and they all pay homage to Osama bin Laden. 还有其他的组织,如尼日利亚的博科圣地组织, 索马里的青年党,他们都宣布效忠奥萨马本拉登。
Boko:n.鼻子; Haram:n.女眷;闺房; homage:n.敬意;尊敬;效忠;
But if you look closely, they're not fighting a global jihad. 但是如果你仔细研究, 他们根本就不是所谓全球性圣战。
They're fighting battles over much narrower issues . 他们都是为更小的一些事情而战。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Usually it has to do with ethnicity or race or sectarianism , or it's a power struggle. 通常都和民族,种族或教派之争相关, 或者仅仅是权力斗争。
ethnicity:n.种族划分; sectarianism:n.宗派主义;教派意识;
More often than not , it's a power struggle in one country, or even a small region within one country. 通常都是一个国家, 甚至是某国局部地区的权力斗争。
More often than not:通常;多半; region:n.地区;范围;部位;
Occasionally they will go across a border, from Iraq to Syria , from Mali to Algeria, from Somalia to Kenya, but they're not fighting a global jihad against some far enemy. 有时他们也会跨越国境, 从伊拉克到叙利亚,从马里到阿尔及利亚, 从索马里到肯尼亚,他们并不是 为反对远方的敌人而进行的圣战。
Occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
But that doesn't mean that we can relax . 但是这并不意味着 我们可以放松
relax:v.放松,休息;松懈,松弛;变从容;休养;
I was in Yemen recently , where -- it's the home of the last al Qaeda franchise that still aspires to attack America, attack the West. 最近我在也门,在那里 基地组织最后的分支 仍然叫嚣着要袭击美国,袭击西方。
recently:adv.最近;新近; franchise:n.特权;公民权;经销权;v.给…以特许(或特权);赋予公民权; aspires:vi.渴望;立志;追求;
It's old school al Qaeda. 他们是基地组织的残余。
old school:adj.古老的;古旧的;传统的;
You may remember these guys. 你们也许记得这些家伙。
They are the ones who tried to send the underwear bomber here, and they were using the Internet to try and instigate violence among American Muslims. 他们是那些试图在这里发动人体爆炸那些人, 他们利用互联网试图在美国的穆斯林中 煽动暴力。
bomber:n.轰炸机;投弹手; instigate:vt.唆使;煽动;教唆;怂恿; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
But they have been distracted recently. 但是他们最近已经是散兵游勇。
distracted:adj.心烦意乱; v.转移(注意力); (distract的过去分词和过去式)
Last year, they took control over a portion of southern Yemen, and ran it, Taliban-style. 去年,他们控制了南也门的部分地区, 并用塔利班的方式进行统治。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分);
And then the Yemeni military got its act together, and ordinary people rose up against these guys and drove them out, and since then, most of their activities, most of their attacks have been directed at Yemenis. 也门军方采取行动, 普通群众奋起反抗这些人 并且把他们赶走,自此,他们他们大部分的活动, 大部分的袭击都是针对也门人策划。
Yemeni:adj.也门的;也门人的;n.也门人; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
So I think we've come to a point now where we can say that, just like all politics , all jihad is local. 我想我们现在可以得出一个结论 就是,和所有的政治一样,圣战也是地区性的事情。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
But that's still not reason for us to disengage, because we've seen that movie before, in Afghanistan. 但是,这仍然不能成为我们松一口气的原因, 因为我们都看到了之前阿富汗的故事。
When those Mujahideen defeated the Soviet Union, we disengaged . 当那些穆斯林圣战游击队击败苏联, 我们松了一口气。
disengaged:adj.空闲的;自由的;已脱离的;v.脱离(disengage的过去分词);
And even before the fizz had gone out of our celebratory champagne, the Taliban had taken over in Kabul, and we said, "Local jihad, not our problem." 但是我们庆祝的香槟还没开始起泡的时候, 塔利班接管了喀布尔, 我们说:“地区性的圣战,没我们什么事。”
fizz:n.兴奋,活力;嘶嘶声;充气饮料;vi.显示兴奋;发嘶嘶声;起泡沫; celebratory:adj.庆祝的;庆贺的;快乐的; Taliban:塔利班;
And then the Taliban gave the keys of Kandahar to Osama bin Laden. He made it our problem. 接着,塔利班将奥萨马本拉登 迎进坎大哈。我们的麻烦就来了。
Local jihad, if you ignore it, becomes global jihad again. 地区性圣战,如果我们忽视的话,就会再次演变成全球性圣战。
ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
The good news is that it doesn't have to be. 好在这个不会变成现实。
We know how to fight it now. 因为我们现在知道如何应对。
We have the tools. We have the knowhow , and we can take the lessons we've learned from the fight against global jihad, the victory against global jihad, and apply those to local jihad. 我们有手段,我们有秘籍, 我们能从以往应对 和战胜全球性圣战中学习到很多, 并将之应用于地区性圣战。
knowhow:n.诀窍,技巧;情报;实际的能力;专门技术; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
What are those lessons? We know who killed bin Laden: 我们的学到了什么？我们知道谁杀了本拉登:
SEAL Team Six. 海报突击队第六小队。
Do we know, do we understand, who killed bin Ladenism? 我们知道,或者了解是谁清除了拉登主义吗？
Who ended the global jihad? 谁终结了全球性的圣战？
There lie the answers to the solution to local jihad. 解决地区性圣战的方法就在这些答案中。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
Who killed bin Ladenism? Let's start with bin Laden himself. 谁清除了拉登主义？我们从本拉登本人开始吧。
He probably thought 9/11 was his greatest achievement. 他也许认为911是他最伟大的成就。
In reality, it was the beginning of the end for him. 实际上,这是他末日的开始。
He killed 3,000 innocent people, and that filled the Muslim world with horror and revulsion , and what that meant was that his idea of jihad could never become mainstream . 他剥夺了3000名无辜的生命,让穆斯林世界 充满了恐怖和反感, 这也就意味着他的圣战理念 永远都不会成为主流。
innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; horror:n.恐惧;厌恶;震惊;对某事物的强烈畏惧(或憎恨); revulsion:n.剧变;厌恶;强烈反感;抽回; mainstream:n.主流;
He condemned himself to operating on the lunatic fringes of his own community . 他承认自己是本族群的 极端份子。
condemned:adj.已被定罪的;被责难的; lunatic:n.疯子;狂人;精神错乱者;adj.疯狂的;荒唐可笑的; fringes:n.额前短垂发; v.形成…的边缘; (fringe的第三人称单数和复数) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
9/11 didn't empower him; it doomed him. 911并没有使他更强大,而是宣判了他的死亡。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; doomed:adj.注定的;命定的;v.使…注定失败(doom的过去分词和过去式)
Who killed bin Ladenism? Abu Musab al-Zarqawi killed it. 谁清除了拉登主义？是阿布.穆萨德.阿尔-扎卡维。
He was the especially sadistic head of al Qaeda in Iraq who sent hundreds of suicide bombers to attack not Americans but Iraqis . Muslims. Sunni as well as Shiites . 他是伊拉克基地组织的狂人领袖, 他在伊拉克制造了数以百计的自杀式爆炸 伤害了伊拉克穆斯林,既有逊尼派也有什叶派,而不是美国人。
sadistic:adj.虐待狂的;残酷成性的; suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀; bombers:n.[航][军]轰炸机;喷射机;扔炸弹的人(bomber的复数形式); Iraqis:adj.伊拉克的;伊拉克人的;n.伊拉克人; Sunni:n.(伊斯兰)逊尼派教徒; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; Shiites:n.什叶派;什叶派教徒(Shiite的复数);
Any claim that al Qaeda had to being protectors of Islam against the Western crusaders was drowned in the blood of Iraqi Muslims. 任何声称基地组织是伊斯兰对抗 西方十字军的保护者说法 都是在牺牲伊拉克穆斯林的鲜血。
protectors:n.保护者;[电]保护装置(protector的复数); drowned:v.(使)淹死,溺死;浸透;淹没;浸泡;(drown的过去分词和过去式)
Who killed Osama bin Laden? The SEAL Team Six. 谁杀死了奥萨马本拉登？海豹突击队第六小队。
Who killed bin Ladenism? Al Jazeera did, 谁清除了拉登主义？是半岛电视台,
Al Jazeera and half a dozen other satellite news stations in Arabic, because they circumvented the old, state-owned television stations in a lot of these countries which were designed to keep information from people. 是半岛电视台和其他六家阿拉伯的卫星新闻台, 因为他们完胜了许多这些国家中 的国有电视台, 这些国有电视台的目的就是为了对人民封锁消息。
circumvented:vt.包围;陷害;绕行; state-owned:adj.国有的;国营的;州立的;
Al Jazeera brought information to them, showed them what was being said and done in the name of their religion, exposed the hypocrisy of Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda, and allowed them, gave them the information that allowed them to come to their own conclusions . 半岛电视台给他们带来信息,让他们看到 以他们宗教的名义都说了些什么和做了些什么, 揭露了本拉登和基地组织的伪善面目, 并让他们,通过给他们足够信息, 让他们能自己得出结论。
in the name of:以…的名义; exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) hypocrisy:n.虚伪;伪善; conclusions:n.结论,总结;决定;(conclusion的复数)
Who killed bin Ladenism? The Arab Spring did, because it showed a way for young Muslims to bring about change in a manner that Osama bin Laden, with his limited imagination , could never have conceived . 谁清除了拉登主义？是阿拉伯之春, 因为他们给年轻的穆斯林展现了一条 带来改变的道路 这是奥萨马本拉登,在他有限想象力中, 无法设想出来的。
in a manner:在某种意义上;在某种程度上; limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; conceived:v.构思;设想;(conceive的过去式);
Who defeated the global jihad? The American military did, the American soldiers did, with their allies, fighting in faraway battlefields . 谁战胜了全球性圣战？是美国的军队, 美国的战士,和他们的盟友, 他们在遥远的战场作战。
faraway:adj.遥远的;恍惚的; battlefields:n.杀戮战场(BBC的纪录片);
And perhaps, a time will come when they get the rightful credit for it. 也许,终有一天,他们会被歌颂。
rightful:adj.合法的;正当的;公正的;正直的;
So all these factors , and many more besides , we don't even fully understand some of them yet, these came together to defeat a monstrosity as big as bin Ladenism, the global jihad, you needed this group effort. 所有的这些以及其他的一些因素, 我们甚至目前还不能完全了解其中的一些, 加在一起 战胜了拉登主义这样的巨型怪兽, 对付全球性圣战,你就需要这样的团队合作。
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; monstrosity:n.畸形;可怕的东西;残暴;
Now, not all of these things will work in local jihad. 现在,应对地区性圣战,并非所有这些还能起作用。
The American military is not going to march into Nigeria to take on Boko Haram, and it's unlikely that SEAL Team Six will rappel into the homes of al Shabaab's leaders and take them out. 美国没打算出兵尼日利亚 来对抗博科圣地组织, 看来也不会有海豹突击队第六小队破门而入 力擒青年军的首领。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; rappel:n.绕绳下降;坐式下降法;vi.用绳索下降;
But many of these other factors that were in play are now even stronger than before. Half the work is already done. 但是某些其他因素 却比以前更强大。很多工作已经完成过半。
We don't have to reinvent the wheel . 我们不需要另起炉灶。
reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现; wheel:车轮,转动
The notion of violent jihad in which more Muslims are killed than any other kind of people is already thoroughly discredited . 那种让更多穆斯林被杀的暴力圣战的理念 不再被人相信。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; thoroughly:adv.彻底地,完全地; discredited:adj.不足信的; v.败坏(或破坏)…的名声;
We don't have to go back to that. 我们不需要回到起点。
Satellite television and the Internet are informing and empowering young Muslims in exciting new ways. 卫星电视和互联网让更多的年轻穆斯林 通过崭新的途径获取信息,获得力量。
informing:v.知会;通知;通告;了解;熟悉;对…有影响(inform的现在分词) empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
And the Arab Spring has produced governments, many of them Islamist governments, who know that, for their own self-preservation , they need to take on the extremists in their midsts. 阿拉伯之春之后诞生了许多政府, 许多伊斯兰政府, 他们知道,出于自我保护, 他们要反对内部的极端分子。
Islamist:n.伊斯兰教主义者;回教教徒; self-preservation:n.自卫本能,自我保护;自我保存; extremists:n.极端主义者;极端分子;过激分子;(extremist的复数)
We don't need to persuade them, but we do need to help them, because they haven't really come to this place before. 我们不必游说他们,但是我们需要帮助他们, 因为他们没有足够的经验。
The good news, again, is that a lot of the things they need we already have, and we are very good at giving: economic assistance, not just money, but expertise , technology , knowhow, private investment , fair terms of trade, 再说一遍,好消息是他们需要的许多东西 已经有,我们乐意奉送: 经济援助,不仅仅是钱,而且包括专业知识, 技术,诀窍, 私人投资,公平贸易,
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
medicine, education, technical support for training for their police forces to become more effective , for their anti-terror forces to become more efficient . 医药,教育,以及能让提高警察能力的训练 方面的技术支持, 使他们的反恐力量更加高效。
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
We've got plenty of these things. 我们有足够的这些东西。
Some of the other things that they need we're not very good at giving. Maybe nobody is. 他们需要的其他东西 我们无法给予。也许没人能给。
Time, patience , subtlety , understanding -- these are harder to give. 时间,耐心,细致,理解, 这些更难给予。
patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍; subtlety:n.微妙;敏锐;精明;
I live in New York now. Just this week, posters have gone up in subway stations in New York that describe jihad as savage . 我现在住在纽约。就在这周, 纽约地铁站的海报刚贴出来, 海报仍然把圣战描述为残忍的东西。
posters:n.海报;巨幅装饰画;发布消息的人;(poster的复数) describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; savage:adj.野蛮的; n.未开化的; vt.乱咬;
But in all the many years that I have covered the Middle East , 但是在中东往来这么多年,
Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部);
I have never been as optimistic as I am today that the gap between the Muslim world and the West is narrowing fast, and one of the many reasons for my optimism is that, because I know there are millions, 我从来没有如现在这般乐观, 穆斯林和西方世界的鸿沟 正在迅速缩小, 我之所以这么乐观的原因之一 就是我知道数以百万计的人,
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; optimism:n.乐观;乐观主义;
hundreds of millions of people, Muslims like that old imam in Tunis, who are reclaiming this word and restoring to its original, beautiful purpose. 数以亿计的人,就像突尼斯那位阿訇老人 这样的穆斯林,正在让这个词 回归本源,回归美好的目标。
reclaiming:v.取回;拿回;要求归还;开垦,利用;荒漠化;(reclaim的现在分词) restoring:adj.恢复的;v.恢复,重建;正在恢复;(restore的现在分词);
Bin Laden is dead. Bin Ladenism has been defeated. 本拉登死了,拉登主义被击败了。
His definition of jihad can now be expunged . 他对圣战的定义现在可以被抹去。
expunged:v.抹去;除去;删去;(expunge的过去分词和过去式)
To that jihad we can say, "Goodbye. Good riddance ." 对于这样的圣战,我们可以说:“再见了,谢天谢地！”
riddance:n.摆脱;驱逐;解除;
To the real jihad we can say, "Welcome back. Good luck." 对真正的圣战,我们可以说“欢迎回来,祝你好运！”
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（鼓掌）