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BethNoveck_2012G-_呼吁一个更加开放的政府_
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| So when the White House was built in the early 19th century, it was an open house . |
是一个开放的建筑。 |
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White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿); open house:n.开放;开放时间;(学校、机关等的)开放日;
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| Neighbors came and went. Under President Adams, a local dentist happened by. |
附近的人会来参观。亚当斯总统执政期间 一个当地的牙医来到白宫 |
| He wanted to shake the President's hand. |
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| The President dismissed the Secretary of State , whom he was conferring with, and asked the dentist if he would remove a tooth. |
他让国务卿先离开,然后问那个牙医 |
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dismissed:v.不予考虑;摒弃;去除,消除;解雇;(dismiss的过去分词和过去式) Secretary of State:n.(英国)大臣;(美国)国务卿; conferring:授予;商议;
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| Later, in the 1850s, under President Pierce , he was known to have remarked — probably the only thing he's known for — when a neighbor passed by and said, "I'd love to see the beautiful house," and Pierce said to him, "Why my dear sir, of course you may come in. |
到了19世纪50年代,皮尔斯总统执政期间 他说过一句非常有名的话 ——大概也是他说过的唯一一句名言 为什么不呢,先生,你当然可以进来 |
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Pierce:v.穿透;扎;刺破;穿过;n.皮尔斯; remarked:v.说起;谈论;评论;(remark的过去分词和过去式)
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| This isn't my house. It is the people's house." |
这不是我的房子。这是人民的房子 |
| Well, when I got to the White House in the beginning of 2009, at the start of the Obama Administration, the White House was anything but open. |
奥巴执政初期来到白宫的时候 这个地方却一点也不开放 |
| Bomb blast curtains covered my windows. |
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blast:n.爆炸; v.爆破;
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| We were running Windows 2000. |
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| Social media were blocked at the firewall . |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; firewall:n.防火墙;vt.用作防火墙;
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| We didn't have a blog , let alone a dozen twitter accounts like we have today. |
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blog:n.博客;部落格;网络日志; let alone:更不必说;听任;不打扰;
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| I came in to become the head of Open Government, to take the values and the practices of transparency , participation and collaboration , and instill them into the way that we work, to open up government, to work with people. |
高度重视透明度, 灌输到我们工作中,以此来使政府变得开放 |
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transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; participation:n.参与;分享;参股; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; instill:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输;
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| Now one of the things that we know is that companies are very good at getting people to work together in teams and in networks to make very complex products, like cars and computers, |
商业公司很擅长让员工 以小组或类似网络的方式来生产 |
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complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
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| and the more complex the products are a society creates, the more successful the society is over time. |
社会生产就越成功 |
| Companies make goods, but governments, they make public goods. They work on the cure for cancer and educating our children and making roads, but we don't have institutions that are particularly good |
商业公司制造产品 而政府制造公共品,政府致力于治疗癌症 |
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cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
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| at this kind of complexity . We don't have institutions that are good at bringing our talents to bear, at working with us in this kind of open and collaborative way. |
能够很好地处理这其中的复杂关系的机构。 我们没有这样的机构,去发挥人才的能力 让他们在开放与合作的环境下跟我们一起工作 |
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complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势 collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的;
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| So when we wanted to create our Open Government policy , what did we do? We wanted, naturally , to ask public sector employees how we should open up government. |
首先要知道我们已经做了什么。我们询问 公共部门的雇员,要怎样做才能开放我们的政府 |
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policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; public sector:n.公营部门;公共部门;
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| Turns out that had never been done before. |
结果发现我们从未在这方面下过功夫 |
| We wanted to ask members of the public to help us come up with a policy, not after the fact, commenting on a rule after it's written, the way is typically the case, but in advance . There was no legal precedent , no cultural precedent , no technical way of doing this. |
我们希望向公众寻求帮助 由我们制定规则,再让公众进行评论 这种做法在法律上和文化上 都没有先例,也没有技术支持 |
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come up with:提出;想出;赶上; typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; in advance:adv.预先,提前; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; precedent:n.先例;前例;adj.在前的;在先的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
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| In fact, many people told us it was illegal . |
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illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
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| Here's the crux of the obstacle . |
这是最主要的障碍 |
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crux:n.关键;难题;十字架形,坩埚; obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
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| Governments exist to channel the flow of two things, really, values and expertise to and from government and to and from citizens to the end of making decisions. |
政府的存在实际上是为了引导两样事物 那就是政府和公民之间 |
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expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
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| But the way that our institutions are designed, in our rather 18th-century, centralized model, is to channel the flow of values through voting, once every four years, once every two years, at best, |
但是我们的政府机构现有的运作方式 它通过投票来汇聚价值观 四年一次,两年一次,或者最多一年一次 |
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centralized:adj.集中的;中央集权的;v.集中(centralize的过去分词);
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| once a year. This is a rather anemic and thin way, in this era of social media, for us to actually express our values. |
在社会媒体如此发达的今天,以这样的方式 来表达我们的价值观实在是太薄弱无力了 |
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anemic:adj.患贫血症的,贫血的; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
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| Today we have technology that lets us express ourselves a great deal, perhaps a little too much. |
现代科技使我们可以很好的表达自己 |
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technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| Then in the 19th century, we layer on the concept of bureaucracy and the administrative state to help us govern complex and large societies. |
19世纪时,人们坚信 |
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layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; bureaucracy:n.官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治; administrative:adj.管理的,行政的;
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| But we've centralized these bureaucracies . |
但当我们集中化这样的官僚主义 |
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bureaucracies:n.繁文褥节;官僚政治(bureaucracy的复数);
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| We've entrenched them. And we know that the smartest person always works for someone else. |
才发现聪明的人总是在为别人工作 |
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entrenched:adj.根深蒂固的;v.使处于牢固地位;牢固确立;(entrench的过去式和过去分词)
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| We need to only look around this room to know that expertise and intelligence is widely distributed in society, and not limited simply to our institutions. |
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intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
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| Scientists have been studying in recent years the phenomenon that they often describe as flow, that the design of our systems, whether natural or social, channel the flow of whatever runs through them. |
科学家近年来做了一些研究 他们认为我们的体系,无论是自然的还是社会的 |
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phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
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| So a river is designed to channel the flow of water, and the lightning bolt that comes out of a cloud channels the flow of electricity , and a leaf is designed to channel the flow of nutrients to the tree, sometimes even having to route around an obstacle, but to get that nutrition flowing. |
就如河可以引导水流 树叶则可以引导 树木中营养的流向 仍然在引导营养物质不停地流动 |
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lightning:n.闪电;adj.闪电般的;飞快的;突然的 bolt:n.螺栓; v.狼吞虎咽; v.突然; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品;
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| The same can be said for our social systems, for our systems of government, where, at the very least, flow offers us a helpful metaphor for understanding what the problem is, what's really broken, |
我们的社会体系和政府体系也是一样 在这里 可以帮助我们理解真正的问题所在 |
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metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法;
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| and the urgent need that we have, that we all feel today, to redesign the flow of our institutions. |
使我们发现重新设计 |
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urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计;
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| We live in a Cambrian era of big data, of social networks, and we have this opportunity to redesign these institutions that are actually quite recent. |
所以直到最近我们才真正有这样的机会 来重新设计我们的政府机构 |
| Think about it: What other business do you know, what other sector of the economy , and especially one as big as the public sector, that doesn't seek to reinvent its business model on a regular basis? |
在经济的其他板块,尤其是和公共经济一样大的板块 有哪一个不是在不断地 创新自己的商业模式？ |
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economy:n.经济;节约;理财; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求; reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;
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| Sure, we invest plenty in innovation . We invest in broadband and science education and science grants , but we invest far too little in reinventing and redesigning the institutions that we have. |
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invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; broadband:n.宽频;宽波段;adj.宽频带的;宽波段的;宽频通讯的; grants:n.补助金; v.[专利]授予; reinventing:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的现在分词) redesigning:v.重构;重设计(redesign的现在分词);
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| Now, it's very easy to complain , of course, about partisan politics and entrenched bureaucracy, and we love to complain about government. It's a perennial pastime, especially around election time, b ut |
在选举期间更是如此 |
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complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说; partisan:adj.党派的;效忠的;偏袒的;盲目推崇的;n.游击队;虔诚信徒;党羽; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) perennial:adj.多年生的;常年的;四季不断的;常在的;反复的;n.多年生植物;
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| the world is complex. We soon will have 10 billion people, many of whom will lack basic resources . |
但这个世界是很复杂的,很快我们就将达到100亿人口 这其中很多人缺乏基本的资源 |
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resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| So complain as we might, what actually can replace what we have today? |
该怎样去改变现状？ |
| What comes the day after the Arab Spring? |
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| Well, one attractive alternative that obviously presents itself to us is that of networks. Right? Networks like Facebook and Twitter. They're lean . They're mean. |
当然,还有一个明显很吸引人的选择 那就是网络。是不是？ 例如facebook和twitter之类的网络做着面对任何挑战的准备。 |
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attractive:adj.吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; lean:v.前俯(或后仰):倾斜:adj.肉少的:难以赚钱的:贫乏的:n.瘦肉:
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| You've got 3,000 employees at Facebook governing 900 million inhabitants . |
facebook有3000名员工 却要管理9亿用户 |
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inhabitants:n.居民(inhabitant的复数);
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| We might even call them citizens, because they've recently risen up to fight against legislative incursion , and the citizens of these networks work together to serve each other in great ways. |
我们甚至应该把他们称作“网络公民” 而且这些公民利用网络 以不同的方式进行合作,互助互利 |
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recently:adv.最近;新近; legislative:adj.立法的;有立法权的;n.立法权;立法机构; incursion:n.入侵;侵犯;
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| But private communities , private, corporate , privatizing communities , are not bottom-up democracies . |
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communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; privatizing:vt.使私有化;使归私有; bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; democracies:民主;
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| They cannot replace government. |
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| Friending someone on Facebook is not complex enough to do the hard work of you and I collaborating with each other and doing the hard work of governance . |
在facebook上加个好友并不能 取代你和我现在共同努力所做的工作 并不能教会你怎么管理人民 |
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collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) governance:n.管理;统治;支配;
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| But social media do teach us something. |
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| Why is Twitter so successful? Because it opens up its platform . |
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platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
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| It opens up the API to allow hundreds of thousands of new applications to be built on top of it, so that we can read and process information in new and exciting ways. |
它开放了一个应用程序市场 使我们能够以新的方式来阅读和处理信息 |
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process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
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| We need to think about how to open up the API of government, and the way that we're going to do that, the next great superpower is going to be the one who can successfully combine the hierarchy of institution -- because we have to maintain those public values, |
我们需要思考如何开放政府机构的“应用平台” 如果哪个国家能将 政府机构的层级模式—— |
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superpower:n.超级大国;超级强权; hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度; maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
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| we have to coordinate the flow -- but with the diversity and the pulsating life and the chaos and the excitement of networks, all of us working together to build these new innovations on top of our institutions, to engage in the practice of governance. |
与生动多样的生活和新奇刺激的网络结合起来 所有人同心协力将这样的创新应用到 |
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coordinate:n.坐标; v.协调; adj.同等的; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: pulsating:adj.脉动的;脉冲的;搏动的;v.颤动;有规律地跳动(pulsate的现在分词); chaos:n.混沌,混乱; excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
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| We have a precedent for this. Good old Henry II here, in the 12th century, invented the jury . |
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jury:n.[法]陪审团;评判委员会;adj.应急的;
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| Powerful, practical , palpable model for handing power from government to citizens. |
这是一种将权力由政府下放到公民 |
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practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; palpable:adj.明显的;可感知的;易觉察的;
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| Today we have the opportunity, and we have the imperative , to create thousands of new ways of interconnecting between networks and institutions, thousands of new kinds of juries : the citizen jury, |
将网络与政府机构联系起来 |
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imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事; interconnecting:adj.互相连接的;v.使互相连接(interconnect的ing形式); juries:n.[法]陪审团(jury的复数);评委会;
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| the Carrotmob, the hackathon, we are just beginning to invent the models by which we can cocreate the process of governance. |
有民众陪审团,也有“胡萝卜暴民”和“编程马拉松”这样的活动 我们正在开始创造使人们可以共同 进行管理的新模式 |
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cocreate:德商创科软件;
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| Now, we don't fully have a picture of what this will look like yet, but we're seeing pockets of evolution emerging all around us -- maybe not even evolution, |
我们现在还不知道这个宏伟的蓝图具体是什么样子 |
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evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
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| I'd even start to call it a revolution -- in the way that we govern. |
这不仅仅应该叫做“进展”,而应该叫做“革新” |
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revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; in the way:妨碍;挡道;
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| Some of it's very high-tech , and some of it is extremely low-tech , such as the project that MKSS is running in Rajasthan, |
有些则使用非常原始的方式 |
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high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; low-tech:adj.低技术的;
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| India, where they take the spending data of the state and paint it on 100,000 village walls, and then invite the villagers to come and comment who is on the government payroll , who's actually died, |
工农权利组织（MKSS）将政府开支 贴在10万多个村庄的墙上 |
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payroll:n.工资单;
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| what are the bridges that have been built to nowhere , and to work together through civic engagement to save real money and participate and have access to that budget . |
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nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的; civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; participate:v.参加;参与; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
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| But it's not just about policing government. |
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| It's also about creating government. |
政府的建设也是同样的道理 |
| Spacehive in the U.K. is engaging in crowd-funding, getting you and me to raise the money to build the goalposts and the park benches that will actually allow us to deliver better services in our communities. |
英国的Spacehive网站通过网上集资 让居民能够根据自己的意愿 选择为一个小足球场或是公园里的长椅投资 从而加强社区内的设施和服务 |
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engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) goalposts:n.球门柱;门柱;
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| No one is better at this activity of actually getting us to engage in delivering services, sometimes where none exist, than Ushahidi. |
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| Created after the post-election riots in Kenya in 2008, this crisis-mapping website and community is actually able to crowdsource and target the delivery of |
它诞生于2008年肯尼亚大选后的暴乱时期 能够以众包的方式 |
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post-election:选举后; riots:n.暴动(riot的复数);v.骚乱(riot的第三人称单数形式);闹事; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; crowdsource:vi.众包,众包指的是一个公司或机构把过去由员工执行的工作任务,以自由自愿的形式外包给非特定的(而且通常是大型的)大众网络的做法; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
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| better rescue services to people trapped under the rubble , whether it's after the earthquakes in Haiti , or more recently in Italy. |
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rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救; trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式) rubble:n.碎石,碎砖;粗石堆; Haiti:n.海地;
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| And the Red Cross too is training volunteers and Twitter is certifying them, not simply to supplement existing government institutions, but in many cases, to replace them. |
现在,红十字会也在训练志愿者 |
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volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) certifying:v.证明;保证; supplement:v.补充;增补;n.补遗;增补(物);补充(物);添加物;
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| Now what we're seeing lots of examples of, obviously, is the opening up of government data, not enough examples of this yet, but we're starting to see this practice of people creating and generating innovative applications on top of government data. |
人们在政府信息平台的基础上 |
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opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用; generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
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| There's so many examples I could have picked, and I selected this one of Jon Bon Jovi. Some of you may or may not know that he runs a soup kitchen in New Jersey, where he caters to and serves the homeless and particularly homeless veterans . |
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soup kitchen:n.施食处(为穷人免费提供食物); caters:v.(为社交活动)提供饮食,承办酒席;(cater的第三人称单数) veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式);
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| In February, he approached the White House, and said, "I would like to fund a prize to create scalable national applications, apps, that will help not only the homeless but those who deliver services [to] them to do so better." |
今年二月,他来到白宫 他说道“我想出资以创建具有扩展性的应用程序, 即能协助无家可归者, |
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approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式) fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助; scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的;
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| February 2012 to June of 2012, the finalists are announced in the competition . |
於2012年2月至6月, 其比赛的入围者已公布 |
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finalists:n.参加决赛的选手; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
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| Can you imagine, in the bureaucratic world of yesteryear , getting anything done in a four-month period of time? |
你能想象吗？去年,在官僚主义的世界里 |
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bureaucratic:adj.官僚的;官僚政治的; yesteryear:n.不久以前;去年;adv.过去不久的岁月;
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| You can barely fill out the forms in that amount of time, let alone generate real, palpable innovations that improve people's lives. |
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barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; generate:v.产生;引起; improve:v.改进;改善;
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| And I want to be clear to mention that this open government revolution is not about privatizing government, because in many cases what it can do when we have the will to do so is to deliver more progressive |
因为在诸多情况下,当我们有意愿完成这些事时, |
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progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派;
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| and better policy than the regulations and the legislative and litigation-oriented strategies by which we make policy today. |
比我们目前政策中的 规范和立法与以诉讼为导向的策略 |
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regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
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| In the State of Texas, they regulate 515 professions , from well-driller to florist . |
在德克萨斯州 ,他们监管515种行业 从钻井员工到花商 |
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regulate:v.调节;控制; professions:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;(profession的复数) florist:n.花商,种花人;花卉研究者;
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| Now, you can carry a gun into a church in Dallas , but do not make a flower arrangement without a license , because that will land you in jail . |
目前,你能够带枪进入达拉斯的教堂 因为这将使你入狱 |
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Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市); arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲; license:v.许可;批准; jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
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| So what is Texas doing? They're asking you and me, using online policy wikis , to help not simply get rid of burdensome regulations that impede entrepreneurship , |
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wikis:n.维基百科(软件名); burdensome:adj.繁重的;累赘的;恼人的; impede:v.阻碍;妨碍;阻止; entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神;
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| but to replace those regulations with more innovative alternatives , sometimes using transparency in the creation of new iPhone apps that will allows us both to protect consumers and the public and to encourage economic development. |
也能激励经济发展 |
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alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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| That is a nice sideline of open government. |
这是对于开放政府是个不错的副业 |
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sideline:n.副业;球场边线;局外人的观点;vt.迫使退出;adj.倾斜的;
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| It's not only the benefits that we've talked about with regard to development. It's the economic benefits and the job creation that's coming from this open innovation work. |
有利于经济和创造就业 |
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job creation:n.(尤指为失业者)提供就业机会;
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| Sberbank, the largest and oldest bank in Russia, largely owned by the Russian government, has started practicing crowdsourcing , engaging its employees and citizens in the public in developing innovations. |
作为俄罗斯最大最古老的俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行 开始实践众包这种方式, 鼓励员工和市民创新 |
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largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; crowdsourcing:众包;群众外包;众包模式;
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| Last year they saved a billion dollars, 30 billion rubles , from open innovation, and they're pushing radically the extension of crowdsourcing, not only from banking, but into the public sector. |
去年他们从开放创新中 省下了10亿美元,即300亿卢布,并且他们很激进的推进 众包的范围,不仅限于银行 还有公共部门 |
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rubles:n.卢布(ruble的复数,俄罗斯等国的货币单位); radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机;
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| And we see lots of examples of these innovators using open government data, not simply to make apps, but then to make companies and to hire people to build them working with the government. |
不仅用了开发应用, 雇员工来与政府合作 |
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innovators:n.创新者;发明家签证;革新消费者(innovator的复数形式);
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| So a lot of these innovations are local. |
所以很多创新者都是本地的 |
| In San Ramon, California, they published an iPhone app in which they allow you or me to say we are certified |
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certified:adj.被证明了的; v.(尤指书面)证明,证实; (certify的过去式和过去分词)
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| CPR-trained, and then when someone has a heart attack , a notification goes out so that you can rush over to the person over here and deliver CPR. |
就会有消息推送给你 这样你就可以赶过去进行CPR |
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heart attack:n.[医]心肌梗塞 notification:n.通知;通告;告示;
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| The victim who receives bystander CPR is more than twice as likely to survive. |
接受CPR的病人 有两倍的机会存活下来 |
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victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; bystander:n.旁观者;看热闹的人;
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| '"There is a hero in all of us," is their slogan . |
他们的口号是“我们身边就有英雄” |
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slogan:n.口号;标语;
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| But it's not limited to the local. |
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| British Columbia, Canada, is publishing a catalogue of all the ways that its residents and citizens can engage with the state in the cocreation of governance. |
目录里包含了居民和市民可以参与的 州发起的政府创新。 |
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catalogue:n.目录;目录簿;一连串(糟糕)事;v.编入目录;记载,登记; residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
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| Let me be very clear, and perhaps controversial , that open government is not about transparent government. |
我要澄清一点 |
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controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
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| Simply throwing data over the transom doesn't change how government works. |
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transom:n.横梁,横楣;[建]气窗;
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| It doesn't get anybody to do anything with that data to change lives, to solve problems, and it doesn't change government. |
仅仅是做到透明并不能让任何人利用这些数据 来解决问题,这也不能使政府 发生改变 |
| What it does is it creates an adversarial relationship between civil society and government over the control and ownership of information. |
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adversarial:adj.对抗的;对手的,敌手的; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
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| And transparency, by itself, is not reducing the flow of money into politics, and arguably , it's not even producing accountability as well as it might if we took the next step of combining participation and collaboration with transparency to transform how we work. |
并且透明化本身并不减少政治的经济成本 一个尚有争议的观点是 除非我们通过接下来要提到的方式携手合作 |
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arguably:v.可论证地; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
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| We're going to see this evolution really in two phases , |
我想我们将会看到这个革命将会有两个阶段, |
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phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式);
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| I think. The first phase of the open government revolution is delivering better information from the crowd into the center. |
是从公众传递更好的信息 到中心。 |
| Starting in 2005, and this is how this open government work in the U.S. really got started, |
从2005年开始,在美国 |
| I was teaching a patent law class to my students and explaining to them how a single person in the bureaucracy has the power to make a decision about which patent application becomes the next patent, and therefore monopolizes for 20 years the rights over an entire field of inventive activity. |
并解释在官僚主义里的个人 那个专利应用成为专利的决定 并在整个创造性活动的领域内 |
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patent:vt.授予专利; adj.专利的; n.专利权; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; inventive:adj.发明的;有发明才能的;独出心裁的;
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| Well, what did we do? We said, we can make a website, we can make an expert network, a social network, that would connect the network to the institution to allow scientists and technologists to get better information to the patent office to aid in making those decisions. |
那我们怎么做？我们说可以做网站 做一个专家的网络,社会的网络 使得科学家和科技家们能 来帮助做出这些决定 |
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technologists:n.技术人员(technologist的复数);[劳经]技术专家;
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| We piloted the work in the U.S. and the U.K. and Japan and Australia, and now I'm pleased to report that the United States Patent Office will be rolling out universal , complete, and total openness , so that all patent applications will now be open for citizen participation, beginning this year. |
现在我很高兴的宣布 全球化,全面化和全面的开放, |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真;
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| The second phase of this evolution — Yeah. (Applause) |
这个革命的第二阶段——（掌声） |
| They deserve a hand. (Applause) |
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deserve:vi.应受,应得;
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| The first phase is in getting better information in. |
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| The second phase is in getting decision-making power out. |
第二阶段是将决策权下放 |
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decision-making:n.决策;
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| Participatory budgeting has long been practiced in Porto Alegre, Brazil . |
参与式预算已经存在已久。 |
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Participatory:adj.供人分享的;吸引参与的; budgeting:n.编制预算;v.做预算(budget的ing形式); Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
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| They're just starting it in the 49th Ward in Chicago. |
在芝加哥的49区则正开始。 |
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Ward:n.病房; v.防止;
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| Russia is using wikis to get citizens writing law together, as is Lithuania. When we start to see power over the core functions of government — spending, legislation , decision-making — then we're well on our way to an open government revolution. |
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core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; legislation:n.立法;法律;
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| There are many things that we can do to get us there. |
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| Obviously opening up the data is one, but the important thing is to create lots more -- create and curate -- lots more participatory opportunities. |
很明显开放数据是其中之一 但更重要的事情是创造更多 |
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curate:n.助理牧师;副牧师;
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| Hackathons and mashathons and working with data to build apps is an intelligible way for people to engage and participate, like the jury is, but we're going to need lots more things like it. |
是个很好的方式让人们有兴趣参与其中, 就好像审判团一样。 |
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intelligible:adj.可理解的;明了的;仅能用智力了解的;
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| And that's why we need to start with our youngest people. |
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| We've heard talk here at TED about people biohacking and hacking their plants with Arduino, and Mozilla is doing work around the world in getting young people to build websites and make videos. |
我们在TED上听到有人利用Arduino设备（译注:一种可以自己动手定制的“电脑”） 而 Mozilla 在全球范围内 鼓励年轻人动手制作网站和视频 |
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hacking:v.黑客行为;砍;劈;猛踢;(hack的现在分词)
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| When we start by teaching young people that we live, not in a passive society, a read-only society, but in a writable society, where we have the power to change our communities, to change our institutions, |
一个被动的、以接受为主的社会 而是可以动手改变的社会时,我们有力量来 改变我们的社区,改变我们的机构 |
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passive:adj.被动的,消极的;被动语态的;n.被动语态; read-only:adj.只读的;n.只读;
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| that's when we begin to really put ourselves on the pathway towards this open government innovation, towards this open government movement, towards this open government revolution. |
那也是我们开始真正让我们走上那条路 一条通往开放政府创新的道路 一条通过开放政府运动的道路 一条通往开放政府革命的道路 |
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pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径;
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| So let me close by saying that I think the important thing for us to do is to talk about and demand this revolution. |
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| We don't have words , really, to describe it yet. |
我们还没有伟大的作品来描述它。 |
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have words:争吵;
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| Words like equality and fairness and the traditional elections, democracy , these are not really great terms yet. |
伟大的作品,但是开放政府还没有。 |
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traditional:传统的,惯例的, democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
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| They're not fun enough. They're not exciting enough to get us engaged in this tremendous opportunity that awaits us. But I would argue that if we want to see the kinds of innovations, the hopeful and exciting innovations that we hear talked about here at TED, in clean energy, in clean education, in development, if we want to see those adopted and we want to see those scaled , |
它们还不够有趣,还不够激动人心到促使我们 投入到这一巨大的机会中。 其它的创新,那些在TED听到的 关于洁净能源,教育和发展的 充满希望和激情的创新 想要这些创新成果被规模化 |
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engaged in:从事于;忙于; tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; awaits:v.等候;等待;期待;(await的第三人称单数) adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); scaled:adj.有鳞的; v.刮去鳞片;
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| we want to see them become the governance of tomorrow, then we must all participate, then we must get involved . |
想要这些成果成为未来政府的一部分 我们必须参与其中 |
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involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
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| We must open up our institutions, and like the leaf, we must let the nutrients flow throughout our body politic , throughout our culture, to create open institutions to create a stronger democracy, a better tomorrow. |
创造更稳固的民主和更美好的明天 |
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throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; body politic:n.全体人民;
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| Thank you. (Applause) |
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