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BernieKrause_2013G-_自然世界的声音_
(Nature sounds) (自然之声)
When I first began recording wild soundscapes 45 years ago, 45 年前,当我开始记录 野外音景的时候
soundscapes:音画;声景;音声环境;
I had no idea that ants, insect larvae , sea anemones and viruses created a sound signature . 完全没意识到蚂蚁、 昆虫幼虫、海葵甚至病毒 会有自己独特的声音
larvae:n.幼虫;幼体(larva的复数形式); anemones:n.海葵;银莲花(anemone的复数); signature:n.署名;签名;信号;
But they do. 但它们确实有
And so does every wild habitat on the planet, like the Amazon rainforest you're hearing behind me. 地球上的每个野生栖息地都这样 比如你们正听到我身后亚马逊雨林的声音。
habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地; Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; rainforest:n.(热带)雨林;
In fact, temperate and tropical rainforests each produce a vibrant animal orchestra , that instantaneous and organized expression of insects, reptiles , amphibians , birds and mammals . 事实上,温带雨林和热带雨林 各自像富有生气的动物管弦乐队, 昆虫、爬行动物、两栖动物、鸟类和哺乳动物 会发出瞬时和有条理的声调。
temperate:adj.温和的;适度的;有节制的; tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的; rainforests:n.(热带)雨林; vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; orchestra:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处; instantaneous:adj.瞬间的;即时的;猝发的; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) expression:n.表现,表示,表达; reptiles:n.爬行动物(reptile的复数);[脊椎]爬行类;爬虫类; amphibians:n.两栖动物;[古生]两栖类; mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数)
And every soundscape that springs from a wild habitat generates its own unique signature, one that contains incredible amounts of information, and it's some of that information I want to share with you today. 而且每一种源自野生栖息地的音景 也会形成自己独有的特征, 其中包含了惊人的信息量 今天我想与你们分享其中一些信息
generates:[计]生成;发生; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
The soundscape is made up of three basic sources . 音景由三个基本源头组成。
made up of:由…组成,由…构成; sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数)
The first is the geophony, or the nonbiological sounds that occur in any given habitat, like wind in the trees, water in a stream, waves at the ocean shore, movement of the Earth. 第一为自然声 或在特定栖息地出现的 非生物声音, 比如树林中的风声,河溪流水声, 波浪拍打岸边的声音,地球的转动声。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
The second of these is the biophony. 第二为生物声
The biophony is all of the sound that's generated by organisms in a given habitat at one time and in one place. 在特定的栖息地里 某个时间段和某个地方 生物体产生的声音
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体; at one time:曾经,一度;同时;
And the third is all of the sound that we humans generate that's called anthrophony. 第三样为所有由人类产生的声音 称为人工声
Some of it is controlled, like music or theater, but most of it is chaotic and incoherent , which some of us refer to as noise. 其中一些是受控制的,如音乐或戏剧 但大多数是混乱和支离破碎的 我们将其称为嘈杂声。
chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的; incoherent:adj.语无伦次的;不连贯的;不合逻辑的; refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;
There was a time when I considered wild soundscapes to be a worthless artifact . 有某段时间,我认为野外音景 就是毫无价值的人工制品,
worthless:adj.无价值的;不值钱的;卑微的; artifact:n.人工制品;手工艺品;
They were just there, but they had no significance . 它们只是存在着,但谈不上重要。
significance:n.意义;重要性;意思;
Well, I was wrong. What I learned from these encounters was that careful listening gives us incredibly valuable tools by which to evaluate the health of a habitat across the entire spectrum of life. 哦,我错了。我从这些接触认识到 仔细聆听是极具价值的工具 我们可以评估栖息地整个范围内 所有生命的健康状况。
encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅;n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; evaluate:v.评价;评估;估计; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
When I began recording in the late '60s, the typical methods of recording were limited to the fragmented capture of individual species like birds mostly, in the beginning, but later animals like mammals and amphibians. 60年代后期当我开始录音时, 典型的录音方法受到限制, 只可捕捉个别物种片断的声音, 开始时主要是鸟声, 但后来包括了哺乳动物和两栖动物
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) fragmented:v.(使)碎裂,破裂,分裂;(fragment的过去分词和过去式) capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
To me, this was a little like trying to understand the magnificence of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by abstracting the sound of a single violin player out of the context of the orchestra and hearing just that one part. 对我来说,有点像 从整个交响乐演奏中 提取出一把小提琴的声音, 而且只听那一部分, 从而去理解华丽的贝多芬第五交响曲
magnificence:n.壮丽;宏伟;富丽堂皇; Symphony:n.交响乐;谐声,和声; abstracting:n.文摘;v.[图情]摘要(abstract的现在分词); context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Fortunately , more and more institutions are implementing the more holistic models that I and a few of my colleagues have introduced to the field of soundscape ecology. 幸运地,越来越多机构 采用我和一些同行共同引进 到音景生态学中的模型, 而这些模型更具整体性。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) implementing:n.实施,执行;实现;v.贯彻,执行(implement的现在分词); holistic:adj.整体的;全盘的; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
When I began recording over four decades ago, 40 多年前当我开始录音时,
I could record for 10 hours and capture one hour of usable material, good enough for an album or a film soundtrack or a museum installation . 每录制 10 小时音景 就能截取到 1 小时可用的材料, 并可用于唱片或电影原声 或博物馆陈列安置中
soundtrack:n.声带;声道;声迹;电影配音; installation:n.安装;设施;设置;安装的设备(或机器);
Now, because of global warming , resource extraction , and human noise, among many other factors , it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to capture the same thing. 现在由于全球变暖、 资源榨取、 人为噪音,还包括其他许多因素 现在需要超过 1000 小时的录音 才能截取同样的音景
global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); extraction:n.取出;抽出;拔出;抽出物;出身; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
Fully 50 percent of my archive comes from habitats so radically altered that they're either altogether silent or can no longer be heard in any of their original form. 在我的音景档案中,整整 50 % 来自已彻底改变的栖息地中。 他们要么一片寂静, 要么再不如从前。
archive:n.档案馆;档案文件; habitats:n.[生态]栖息地;(动植物的)[经]产地(habitat的复数形式); radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; altered:adj.改变了的:v.(使)改变,更改,改动:(alter的过去分词和过去式) original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
The usual methods of evaluating a habitat have been done by visually counting the numbers of species and the numbers of individuals within each species in a given area. 评估栖息地的通常方法, 是在某一特定的区域内, 清点看得见物种及其从属物种的数量
evaluating:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的现在分词) visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
However, by comparing data that ties together both density and diversity from what we hear, 现在,通过对比密度与多样性 结合的数据
comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) density:n.密度; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
I'm able to arrive at much more precise fitness outcomes . 我可以得出更准确的结论
precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的; fitness:n.健康;适当;适合性; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
And I want to show you some examples that typify the possibilities unlocked by diving into this universe. 我想给你们看些例子 通过深入这宇宙, 可将其作为解开一切可能性的典型
typify:vt.代表;作为…的典型;具有…的特点; diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词)
This is Lincoln Meadow . 这是林肯草甸,
Meadow:n.草地;牧场;
Lincoln Meadow's a three-and-a-half-hour drive east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at about 2,000 meters altitude , and I've been recording there for many years. 位于西拉内华达山脉中, 距旧金山以东三个半小时车程, 海拔约 2000 米, 很多年前我就在那儿录音
Sierra:n.(尤指西班牙和美洲的)锯齿状山脉; altitude:n.海拔;海拔高度;高程;(海拔高的)高处;
In 1988, a logging company convinced local residents that there would be absolutely no environmental impact from a new method they were trying called " selective logging," 1988 年,一家伐木公司说服当地居民 采用一种叫做「选伐」的 新伐木方法 即零星分散地砍伐
logging:n.伐木作业;v.把…载入正式记录;记录;采伐;(log的现在分词) convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数) absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; selective:adj.选择性的;有选择的;认真挑选的;严格筛选的;
taking out a tree here and there rather than clear-cutting a whole area. 而不是把整个区域的树木全部砍伐 绝不会对环境有影响
here and there:各处,到处; clear-cutting:皆伐(clear-cut的现在分词);
With permission granted to record both before and after the operation, 我得到了准许, 可在那儿伐木前和伐木前后录音。
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
I set up my gear and captured a large number of dawn choruses to very strict protocol and calibrated recordings, because I wanted a really good baseline . 我架好设备,录下大量清晨的鸟叫声 录音都有精确的标准,且标有刻度 因为我想得到真正高质量的基线
gear:n.齿轮; v.适合; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) dawn:n.黎明;开端;vt.破晓;出现;被领悟; choruses:n.合唱曲; v.合唱; (chorus的第三人称单数和复数) protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定; calibrated:v.标定,校准(刻度,以使测量准确);(calibrate的过去式和过去分词) baseline:n.基线;底线;
This is an example of a spectrogram . 这是一个声谱图的范例
spectrogram:n.光谱图;声谱图;光谱照片;
A spectrogram is a graphic illustration of sound with time from left to right across the page -- 15 seconds in this case is represented — and frequency from the bottom of the page to the top, lowest to highest. 声谱图是以图像形式表现声音 从左到右是时间 这个页面有 15 秒 从底部到顶部是频率 由最低到最高
graphic:adj.形象的;图表的;绘画似的; illustration:n.插图;图解;示例;图示; represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词) frequency:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁;
And you can see that the signature of a stream is represented here in the bottom third or half of the page, while birds that were once in that meadow are represented in the signature across the top. 你们可以看到溪流的识别标志 大概在图底的 1/3 至 1/2 的地方, 草甸中的鸟叫声 在图的顶部
There were a lot of them. 很多鸟的叫声
And here's Lincoln Meadow before selective logging. 接下来是伐木以前的林肯草甸声音
(Nature sounds) （自然之声）
Well, a year later I returned, and using the same protocols and recording under the same conditions, 然而,一年之后我再回到那里, 在相同条件下 用同样的标准录音
protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书;
I recorded a number of examples of the same dawn choruses, and now this is what we've got. 且录下了几个同样的 晨噪实例, 这就是我们现在听到的声音
This is after selective logging. 这是在伐木以后的
You can see that the stream is still represented in the bottom third of the page, but notice what's missing in the top two thirds. 溪流的声音还 在底部 1/3 的地方, 但请注意上方 2/3 的地方有什么声音不见了
(Nature sounds) （自然之声）
Coming up is the sound of a woodpecker . 接下来是啄木鸟的声音。
woodpecker:n.[鸟]啄木鸟;
Well, I've returned to Lincoln Meadow 15 times in the last 25 years, and I can tell you that the biophony, the density and diversity of that biophony, has not yet returned to anything like it was before the operation. 过去 25 年里 我回过林肯草甸 15 次。 我能明确告诉你们, 那个生物声的密度与多样性, 并没有回到 伐木之前的样子
But here's a picture of Lincoln Meadow taken after, and you can see that from the perspective of the camera or the human eye, hardly a stick or a tree appears to be out of place , 这是林肯草甸伐木后的照片, 你们可从照相机 或人眼的视角看到 葱茏的树木都还在,
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; out of place:adj.不合适的;不相称的;不在适当的位置;
which would confirm the logging company's contention that there's nothing of environmental impact. 这证实了伐木公司的说辞 选伐不会对环境表面造成影响
contention:n.争论,争辩;争夺;论点;
However, our ears tell us a very different story. 可是,我们耳朵听到截然不同的故事
Young students are always asking me what these animals are saying, and really I've got no idea. 年轻的学生们总问我, 这些动物到底在说什么, 但我真的没有主意
But I can tell you that they do express themselves. 但我可以告诉你们,动物确实能表达,
Whether or not we understand it is a different story. 我们能否理解则是另外一回事。
Whether or not:是否…;
I was walking along the shore in Alaska, and I came across this tide pool filled with a colony of sea anemones, these wonderful eating machines, relatives of coral and jellyfish . 我曾在阿拉斯加的海滨漫步, 碰巧遇到一个潮池, 里面到处都是海葵聚居地 这种奇妙的吃货 是珊瑚和水母的近亲。
tide pool:n.(海边)岩石区潮水潭; colony:n.殖民地;移民队; relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数) coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的; jellyfish:n.水母;[无脊椎]海蜇;软弱无能的人;
And curious to see if any of them made any noise, 我好奇它们会否制造声音
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
I dropped a hydrophone , an underwater microphone covered in rubber , down the mouth part, and immediately the critter began to absorb the microphone into its belly , 于是我把水听器 一种用橡胶包裹的水下传声器 丢到它嘴边, 它立刻就 把扩音器吞到肚子里,
hydrophone:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器; underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下; microphone:n.麦克风;传声器;话筒; rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…; critter:n.人;家畜;马;牛; absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; belly:n.腹部;胃;食欲;v.涨满;鼓起;
and the tentacles were searching out of the surface for something of nutritional value. 而且触手四处寻找 其他有营养价值的东西。
tentacles:n.[动]触手;[动]触须(tentacle的复数); nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的;
The static-like sounds that are very low, that you're going to hear right now. 这种静态的声音非常低, 你们马上就会听到
(Static sounds) （静态声）
Yeah, but watch. When it didn't find anything to eat -- 呵呵,注意,当它没找到可吃的——
(Honking sound) （鸣叫声）
(Laughter) （笑声）
I think that's an expression that can be understood in any language. 我想这种声音 任何人都能听懂。
(Laughter) （笑声）
At the end of its breeding cycle, the Great Basin Spadefoot toad digs itself down about a meter under the hard-panned desert soil of the American West, where it can stay for many seasons until conditions are just right for it to emerge again. 在美国西部,大盆地犁足蟾蜍 完成繁殖周期后, 会把自己埋在距地面约一米的 坚硬沙漠土壤下 待上几个季节 直到条件适合才会再出来。
breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词) Basin:n.水池;流域;盆地;盆; toad:n.蟾蜍;癞蛤蟆;讨厌的家伙; emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
And when there's enough moisture in the soil in the spring, frogs will dig themselves to the surface and gather around these large, vernal pools in great numbers. 春天时,当土壤中有了足够的水分, 青蛙会回到地表, 大规模的聚集在 巨大且充满春意的水池边。
moisture:n.水分;湿度;潮湿;降雨量; vernal:adj.春天的;和煦的;青春的;
And they vocalize in a chorus that's absolutely in sync with one another. 它们齐声高歌, 而且彼此同步一致
vocalize:vi.发声;喊叫;vt.使发成元音;使发声; sync:n.同步,同时;vi.同时发生;vt.使同步;
And they do that for two reasons. 这样做有两个原因
The first is competitive , because they're looking for mates , and the second is cooperative , because if they're all vocalizing in sync together, it makes it really difficult for predators like coyotes , foxes and owls to single out any individual for a meal. 第一个是竞争,因为它们在求偶 第二个是合作, 如果它们一齐同步发声的话 土狼、狐狸和猫头鹰等捕食者 就很难捕食到某单只青蛙。
competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的; mates:n.朋友; v.交配; cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织; vocalizing:vi.发声;喊叫;vt.使发成元音;使发声; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数) coyotes:n.土狼(coyote的复数); owls:n.[鸟]猫头鹰(owl复数); single out:挑出;挑选;
This is a spectrogram of what the frog chorusing looks like when it's in a very healthy pattern. 这个声谱图就是蛙叫的表现形式, 而且是很健康的模式
(Frogs croaking) （青蛙呱呱地叫）
Mono Lake is just to the east of Yosemite National Park in California, and it's a favorite habitat of these toads , and it's also favored by U.S. Navy jet pilots, who train in their fighters flying them at speeds exceeding 1,100 kilometers an hour and altitudes only a couple hundred meters above ground level of the Mono Basin, very fast, very low, and so loud that the anthrophony, the human noise, even though it's six and a half kilometers from the frog pond you just heard a second ago, it masked the sound of the chorusing toads. 莫诺湖在加利福利亚州 约塞米蒂国家公园的东边, 这里是一片蟾蜍喜欢的栖息地, 然而美国海军喷气机驾驶员也很喜欢, 他们在这里训练战士驾驶战斗机 时速超过 1100 千米, 贴着莫诺盆地 上方几百米飞行, 极快、极低且声音极大 这种人为噪音 你们刚才也听到了, 尽管距离在蛙塘 6.5 千米 但却掩盖了蟾蜍的鸣声
Mono:adj.单声道的(唱片等的,等于mononucleosis);n.单声道放音; Yosemite:n.约塞米蒂国家公园(位于美国加利福尼亚州中部); National Park:n.国家公园; toads:n.[脊椎]蟾蜍(toad的复数形式); Navy:n.海军;深蓝色的; exceeding:adj.超越的; v.超过(数量); (exceed的现在分词) altitudes:n.高地;高度;[数]顶垂线;(等级和地位等的)高级; pond:n.池塘;水池(尤指人工的);v.把…挖成池塘;堵(溪流)水成池;
You can see in this spectrogram that all of the energy that was once in the first spectrogram is gone from the top end of the spectrogram, and that there's breaks in the chorusing at two and a half, four and a half, and six and a half seconds, and then the sound of the jet, the signature, is in yellow at the very bottom of the page. 在这声谱图中,所有在前一个图中 表现出来的能量 全部从声谱图顶部消失了, 并且齐鸣中有间断,2.5 秒处、 4.5 秒处和 6.5 秒处, 之后是喷气机的声音, 特征是最底部的黄色部分
(Frogs croaking) （青蛙呱呱地叫）
Now at the end of that flyby , it took the frogs fully 45 minutes to regain their chorusing synchronicity , during which time, and under a full moon , we watched as two coyotes and a great horned owl came in to pick off a few of their numbers. 现在是喷气机飞过的尾声 整整45分钟后 蛙群才恢复同步齐鸣。 在这段时间里,一轮满月高挂夜空, 我们发现两只土狼和一只大角猫头鹰 抓走了几只青蛙。
flyby:n.飞越;飞近探测;在低空飞过指定地点; regain:vt.再次得到;重新获得,恢复;返回;n.恢复;收复;收回 synchronicity:n.同步性,同时发生; full moon:n.满月;圆月; horned:adj.有角的;角状的;v.截短…的角(horn的过去式和过去分词);
The good news is that, with a little bit of habitat restoration and fewer flights, the frog populations, once diminishing during the 1980s and early '90s, have pretty much returned to normal. 好消息是,由于栖息地的恢复、 飞机噪音减少了影响, 在 80 年代和 90 年代初一度递减的青蛙数量 现已几乎回到正常
restoration:n.恢复;复位;王政复辟;归还; diminishing:v.减少; adj.逐渐缩小的;
I want to end with a story told by a beaver . 我想用一个关于海狸的故事结束演讲,
beaver:n.海狸;海狸皮毛;
It's a very sad story, but it really illustrates how animals can sometimes show emotion , a very controversial subject among some older biologists . 这是一个很悲伤的故事, 但真实的展现了 动物有时也会表达情感。 这论点对一些老生物学家来说颇具争议。
illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图; emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数);
A colleague of mine was recording in the American Midwest around this pond that had been formed maybe 16,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. 有一次,我同事 在美国中西部的一个池塘附近录音 这个池塘约在 16000 年前的冰川时期末尾形成
Midwest:n.美国的中西部;
It was also formed in part by a beaver dam at one end that held that whole ecosystem together in a very delicate balance. 海狸坝也是池塘的重要组成部分, 在一端把整个生态系统连在一起, 使其保持微妙的平衡。
ecosystem:n.生态系统; delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的;
And one afternoon, while he was recording, there suddenly appeared from out of nowhere a couple of game wardens , who for no apparent reason, walked over to the beaver dam, 某天下午,正当他录音时, 突然间冒出 几个狩猎监督官, 无端端地 走到海狸坝上,
nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的; wardens:n.区长;看守人;典狱官;学监; apparent:adj.显然的;表面上的;
dropped a stick of dynamite down it, blowing it up, killing the female and her young babies. 把一串炸药扔到坝底,把坝炸掉了, 炸死了许多雌海狸和年幼婴儿
dynamite:n.炸药;具有潜在危险的人(或物);vt.炸毁;adj.极好的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
Horrified , my colleagues remained behind to gather his thoughts and to record whatever he could the rest of the afternoon, and that evening, he captured a remarkable event: 同事惊呆了,他躲在后面 整理思绪 想在下午剩下的时间录下所有他能录下的声音 当天傍晚,他发现一件不可思议的事情,
Horrified:adj.惊骇的;带有恐怖感的;v.惊骇(horrify的过去式和过去分词);使…战悚; remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
the lone surviving male beaver swimming in slow circles crying out inconsolably for its lost mate and offspring . 幸存的雄海狸组成一个个圈,在水里慢慢游着, 为死去的配偶和幼婴悲恸的哭着。
offspring:n.后代,子孙;产物;
This is probably the saddest sound 或许这是我从所有生物里
saddest:adj.悲伤的(sad的最高级);
I've ever heard coming from any organism, human or other. 听到过最悲哀的声音, 不管是人还是其他生物
(Beaver crying) （海狸的哭声）
Yeah. Well. 好的
There are many facets to soundscapes, among them the ways in which animals taught us to dance and sing, which I'll save for another time. 音景还有其他方面, 其中,动物教导我们舞蹈和歌唱 我留着下次再讲。
facets:n.面状,[材]刻面;切面或瓣面(facet的复数形式);
But you have heard how biophonies help clarify our understanding of the natural world. 但是你们知道了生物声 怎样帮助我们理解自然世界
clarify:v.澄清;阐明;得到澄清;得到净化;
You've heard the impact of resource extraction, human noise and habitat destruction . 你们也听说资源榨取、 人为噪音和栖所破坏的影响。
destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
And where environmental sciences have typically tried to understand the world from what we see, a much fuller understanding can be got from what we hear. 环境科学已试着通过我们所看见的 去认识这个世界, 通过我们所听见的,可有较为充分的认识。
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
Biophonies and geophonies are the signature voices of the natural world, and as we hear them, we're endowed with a sense of place, the true story of the world we live in. 生物声和自然声 是自然界独特的声音。 当我们听到这些声音 就会对那地方具有感觉 就是我们居住的世界的真实故事。
endowed:v.赋予;捐赠;
In a matter of seconds, a soundscape reveals much more information from many perspectives , from quantifiable data to cultural inspiration. 在几秒钟内 从许多方面来看, 音景揭示了更多的信息 由量化数据到创作灵感。
reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式); quantifiable:adj.可以计量的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
Visual capture implicitly frames a limited frontal perspective of a given spatial context, while soundscapes widen that scope to a full 360 degrees, completely enveloping us. 在特定的空间范围内, 影像撷取隐含地表达局限的正面角度 而音景把那个视野范围 扩濶到360度,将我们完全包围。
implicitly:adv.含蓄地;暗中地; frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数); frontal:adj.额的;正面的,前面的;n.额骨,额部;房屋的正面; spatial:adj.空间的;存在于空间的;受空间条件限制的; widen:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大; scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; enveloping:n.包络;v.包封;遮盖(envelop的ing形式);
And while a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures. 如果一张图胜过千言万语, 那么一个音景就值一千张图。
And our ears tell us that the whisper of every leaf and creature speaks to the natural sources of our lives, which indeed may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity , and the last word goes to a jaguar from the Amazon. 耳朵告诉我们, 每一片树叶和每种生物的窃窃私语 诉说着我们生活的自然来源, 甚至包含了博爱的真谛, 尤其是人性 最后一句话就由來自亚马逊森林的美洲豹说吧。
whisper:v.耳语;低语;私语;小声说;n.耳语(声);低语(声);私语(声);轻柔的声音; creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; jaguar:n.捷豹(汽车品牌);
(Growling) （咆哮声）
Thank you for listening. 谢谢你的收听
(Applause) （掌声）