返回首页

BenedettaBerti_2018U-_我们对911的全球反应让我们更安全了吗？_
Almost 20 years have passed since 9/11. 911已过去将近20年。
It is time to take stock of where we stand and stop and think. 是时候盘点一下我们的立场, 停下来思考。
take stock:清点存货;清理;审查;盘货;清查存货;盘存;
It is time to ask ourselves, have the assumptions and policies we developed in the wake of those tragic events truly made us more secure? 是时候问问自己, 在这个悲剧发生后, 我们制定的假设和政策 真的让我们更安全了吗？
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) in the wake of:紧紧跟随;随着…而来;作为…的结果;仿效; tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的;
Have they made our societies, both in Europe and in the United States, more resilient ? 它们让我们的社会,不论在欧洲还是美国, 更有应对力了吗？
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
I've worked all my life in the field of security and defense, and I am convinced that now, more than ever, we need to radically reframe the way we think and act about security, and especially about international security. 我一直都在安全和防卫领域工作, 现在我非常确信,比任何时候都确信, 我们需要从根本上重塑我们 对安全的思考和行为方式。 尤其在国际安全方面。
in the field of:在…方面,在…领域; convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; reframe:v.再构造,再组织;重新制订;给…装上新框架; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
By international security, I actually mean what we do, how we prepare our countries to better respond and prevent external threats, and how we protect our citizens. 说到国际安全,我其实是指我们做了什么, 我们如何让我们的国家做好准备去 更好应对和阻止外部威胁, 以及我们如何保护我们的公民。
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
The key to both is to focus on protecting civilians , both in our own countries and in those where we are present in the name of security. 两者的关键 是聚焦在保护平民, 既在我们自己的国土 也在那些我们以安全的名义存在的地方。
civilians:n.平民;市民;文官;无军职人员;(civilian的复数) in the name of:以…的名义;
Now, this idea goes against the fixed narrative that we developed over the past 20 years over what security is and how to get it, but that narrative is flawed , and worse, it is counterproductive . 现在这个观点与我们 在过去20年发展起来的关于安全是什么 和如何获得安全的固定视角相悖, 但这种说法是有缺陷的, 更糟糕的是,它适得其反。
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的; counterproductive:adj.反生产的;使达不到预期目标的;
Over the past 20 years, both in the United States and in Europe, we've come to accept that we must talk about security in zero sum terms, as if the only way to gain more security is by compromising on values and rights: security versus human rights, safety versus freedom and development. 在过去20年, 在美国和欧洲, 我们已经接受了我们必须以 零和的方式讨论安全问题, 似乎获得更多安全的唯一途径 就是在价值观和权利上妥协: 安全对人权, 安全对自由和发展。
compromising:adj.有失体面的; v.妥协; (compromise的现在分词) versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
This is a false opposition . 这种对立是错误的。
opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
It just doesn't work like that. 事情不是这样的。
We need to recognize that security and human rights are not opposite values, they are intrinsically related. 我们需要认识到 安全和人权不是相反的价值, 它们是内在联系的。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; intrinsically:adv.本质地;内在地;固有地;
After all, the most basic human right is the right to live and to be free from violence , and a state's most basic responsibility is to guarantee that right for its citizens. 毕竟,最基本的人权 是生存权和远离暴力, 以及一个国家最基本的责任 是保证它公民的这种权利。
human right:n.人权; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保;
Conversely , if we think about communities all over the world affected by war and conflict , it is insecurity and violence that stops them from achieving their full freedom and development. 相反地,如果我们考虑世界各地 被战争和冲突影响的群体, 不安全和暴力 阻止了他们的自由和发展。
Conversely:adv.相反地; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; insecurity:n.不安全;不牢靠;无把握;心神不定;
Now, they need basic security just as much as we do and they need it so they can live a normal life and so that they can enjoy their human rights. 现在,他们需要的基本安全跟我们一样, 他们需要安全,这样他们才能过上正常的生活, 这样他们才能享受他们的人权。
This is why we need to shift . 所以我们需要改变。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换;
We need to acknowledge that sustainable security builds on a foundation of human rights, builds on promoting and respecting human rights. 我需要承认可持续安全 建立在人权的基础上, 建立在促进和尊重人权上。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词)
Also, over the past two decades, we have accepted that the best way to guarantee our own security is by defeating our enemies, and to do that, we need to rely almost exclusively on the military . 同样,在过去20年里, 我们已经接受了维护 我们安全的最好方式 是打败我们的敌人, 为了实现这点,我们需要 几乎完全依赖军队。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖; exclusively:adv.唯一地;专有地;排外地; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
Again, this clashes with my work, with my research, with what I see in the field. 再一次,这点跟我的工作,我的研究, 我在这个领域看到的相冲突。
clashes:n.打架,冲突; v.打斗;
What I see is that building sustainable security has a lot less to do with crushing enemies, has a lot less to do with winning on the battlefield , and has a lot more to do with protecting victims and building stability . 我看到的是建立可持续安全 与毁灭敌人关系不大, 与赢得战场胜利关系不大, 而与保护受害者 和建立稳定有很大关系。
crushing:adj.惨重的,毁坏性的;v.压碎;压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的现在分词) battlefield:n.战场;沙场;斗争的领域;容易引发冲突的情况 stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心;
And to do that, well, the military alone is simply insufficient . 要做到这点,仅依靠军队 是完全不够的。
insufficient:adj.不足的,不充足的;n.不足;
This is why I believe we need to shelve the never-ending War on Terror, and we need to replace it with a security agenda that is driven by the principle of protecting civilians, 这是为什么我认为我们需要 把无休止的战争搁置起来, 我们需要用基于保护平民原则 的安全议程来替代它,
shelve:vt.将(书等)放置在架子上; vi.(陆地)逐渐倾斜; never-ending:adj.不停的;无限的; agenda:n.议事日程; principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉;
no matter where they are from, what passport they hold, or where they live: 不管他们来自哪里,持有什么护照, 或者他们住在哪里:
Vancouver , New York, 温哥华、纽约、
Vancouver:n.温哥华(加拿大主要港市);
Kabul, Mosul , Aleppo or Douma. 喀布尔、摩苏尔、阿勒颇或杜玛。
Mosul:n.摩苏尔(伊拉克北部城市);
Sustainable security tells us that we're more likely to have long-term security at home for ourselves if we focus our engagements abroad on protecting civilians and on ensuring their lives are lived in dignity and free from violence. 可持续安全告诉我们,我们更有可能 在国内拥有长期的安全保障, 如果我们把我们的重点放在保护平民 并确保他们过上尊严和 远离暴力的生活上。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; engagements:n.订婚;订婚期间;约定,约会;战斗;(engagement的复数) abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词); dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
For example, we all know that defeating ISIS is a security achievement. 比如,我们都知道击败ISIS 是一项安全成就。
Absolutely . 绝对是。
Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
But rebuilding destroyed homes, restoring order, ensuring a representative political system, these are just as, if not more important, and not just for the security of civilians in Iraq and in Syria , but for our own security and for global stability. 但重建受损家园, 恢复秩序, 确保具有代表性的政治制度, 这些都是,如果没有更重要的话, 不仅为了伊拉克和叙利亚的平民安全, 也是为了我们自己的安全和全球稳定。
restoring:adj.恢复的;v.恢复,重建;正在恢复;(restore的现在分词); representative:n.代表; adj.典型的; Syria:n.叙利亚共和国; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
More fundamentally , 更重要的是,
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
ISIS's danger should not just be counted in the number of weapons it holds but also in the number of children it has kept out of school or indoctrinated . ISIS的危险不能只用他们 持有的武器数量来衡量, 也要用被其赶出学校或被他们思想灌输 的儿童数量来衡量。
indoctrinated:vt.灌输;教导;
This is from a security perspective . 这是从安全的角度来看的。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
From a security perspective, the long-term generational impact of having millions of children in Syria growing up knowing only war and out of school, this is a far more dangerous threat to stability than all of ISIS's weapons combined, 从安全的角度, 成长在只知道战争和辍学长期际代影响 的数百万叙利亚儿童, 远比ISIS所有的武器 对稳定的威胁要更加危险,
generational:adj.一代的;生育的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
and we should spend just as much time and just as much energy to counter this as what we spend when countering ISIS militarily . 我们需要在这上面花费跟打击ISIS军事力量 同样多的时间和同样多的精力。
militarily:adv.在军事上;从军事角度;以武力;以军事行动;
Over the past two decades, our security policy has been short-term . 在过去20年间,我们的安全政策非常短期。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; short-term:adj.短期的;
It has focused on the here and now . 它专注在这里和现在。
here and now:此时此地;立刻;
It has systematically downplayed the link between what we do today in the name of security and the long-term impact of those choices. 它系统地淡化了我们今天以安全的名义 所做的事情 与这些选择的长期影响之间的联系。
systematically:adv.有系统地;有组织地; downplayed:vt.不予重视;将...轻描淡写;
In the years after 9/11, some of the choices, some of the policies we've implemented have probably made us less, not more secure in the long term. 在911之后的这些年头, 有一些选择, 我们施行的一些政策 可能让我们的安全变得更少, 而非长期来看更多。
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
Sustainable, civilian-centered security needs to look at what happens in the long term. 可持续,以平民为中心的安全 需要关注长期的影响。
Again, for example, relying on drones to target enemies in faraway countries may be a tool. 再一次,说个例子, 依靠无人机瞄准遥远国家 的敌人可能是一种工具。
relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词); drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数) faraway:adj.遥远的;恍惚的;
It may be a tool to make sure or to lessen the threat of an imminent attack on the United States. 这个工具可以确保或减轻 即将对美国发动袭击的威胁。
lessen:vt.使…变小;使…减轻;使…变少;vi.减少;减轻;变小; imminent:adj.即将来临的;迫近的;
But what about the long-term impact? 但它的长期影响呢？
If civilians are killed, if communities are targeted, this will feed a vicious circle of war, conflict, trauma and radicalization , and that vicious circle is at the center of so many of the security challenges we face today. 如果平民被杀害, 如果群体被当作目标, 这将助长战争、 冲突、创伤和激进化的恶性循环, 这个恶性循环是我们今天 面临很多安全挑战 的中心。
vicious circle:恶性循环; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤; radicalization:n.激进,激进化;
This will not make us safer in the long term. 这不会让我们长期变得更安全。
We need civilian security, we need sustainable civilian-centered security, and we need it now. 我们需要平民安全, 我们需要可持续的以平民为中心的安全, 我们现在就需要。
We need to encourage thinking and research around this concept, and to implement it. 我们需要鼓励围绕这个概念的思考和研究, 并且需要实现它。
We live in a dangerous world. 我们生活在危险的世界。
We have many threats to peace and conflict. 我们有很多和平的威胁和冲突。
Much like in the days after 9/11, we simply cannot afford not to think about international security. 就像911之后的日子里, 我们根本承受不起不去思考国际安全问题。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
But we have to learn the lessons of the past 20 years. 但我们需要学习过去20年的教训。
To get it right, to get security right, we need to focus on the long term. 去纠正它,以正确方式获得安全, 我们需要聚焦于长期。
We need to focus on protecting civilians. 我们需要聚焦在保护平民。
And we need to respect and acknowledge the fact that sustainable security builds on a foundation of human rights. 我们需要尊重和承认 可持续安全建立在人权的基础上这个事实。
Otherwise, in the name of security, we risk leaving the world a far more dangerous and unstable place than what we already found it in. 否则,在安全的名义下, 我们在冒着把世界推向 一个比我们已经发现的 更危险和更不稳定地方的风险。
unstable:adj.不稳定的;变化莫测的;(行为、情绪)反复无常的
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）