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BenWellington_2014X-_如何找到纽约市最差的停车位？——用大数据说话_
Six thousand miles of road, 600 miles of subway track , 400 miles of bike lanes and a half a mile of tram track , if you've ever been to Roosevelt Island. 六千英里公路, 六百英里地铁路线, 四百英里脚踏车专用道, 半英里的有轨电车专用道 仅在罗斯福岛。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式); tram:n.电车轨道;煤车;vt.用煤车运载;vi.乘电车;
These are the numbers that make up the infrastructure of New York City. 这些数字构成了纽约市的基建。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
These are the statistics of our infrastructure. 这些基建的统计数字,
statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
They're the kind of numbers you can find released in reports by city agencies . 都可以在市政机关公布的报告中找到。
released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
For example, the Department of Transportation will probably tell you how many miles of road they maintain . 譬如,交通部门可能会告诉你, 他们维护这多少英里的道路。
Transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
The MTA will boast how many miles of subway track there are. MTA（纽约交通运输管理局）会自誇他们掌管着多少英里捷运。
boast:v.自夸;自吹自擂;n.夸耀;夸口;
Most city agencies give us statistics. 这是今年计程车与轿车委员会发布的报告,
This is from a report this year from the Taxi and Limousine Commission , where we learn that there's about 13,500 taxis here in New York City. 我们从中知道纽约市运营着 大约一万三千五百辆计程车。
Limousine:n.豪华轿车;大型豪华轿车; Commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作;
Pretty interesting, right? 很有趣,是吗？
But did you ever think about where these numbers came from? 但你有否想过这些数据来自哪里？
Because for these numbers to exist, someone at the city agency had to stop and say, hmm, here's a number that somebody might want want to know. 既然有这些数字存在,那肯定是因为在市政机关的某个人 想过:嗯......这个数字可能有人会想知道。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
Here's a number that our citizens want to know. 这个数字是市民们想知道的。
So they go back to their raw data, they count, they add, they calculate, and then they put out reports, and those reports will have numbers like this. 所以他们找回那些原始数据, 他们计数、相加、计算, 然后把得出的结果写进报告中, 所以那些报告中会有这样的数字。
The problem is, how do they know all of our questions? 那么问题来了:他们怎么会知道我们的问题都是什么？
We have lots of questions. 我们有很多问题。
In fact, in some ways there's literally an infinite number of questions that we can ask about our city. 事实上,可以说我们有无穷无尽的问题 有关我们这座城市。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限;
The agencies can never keep up. 市政机关可无法跟得上（我们的节奏）。
So the paradigm isn't exactly working, and I think our policymakers realize that, because in 2012, Mayor Bloomberg signed into law what he called the most ambitious and comprehensive open data legislation in the country. 现有模式并不具有实效,我觉得我们的政策制定者也知道这点, 因为在2012年,彭博市长签署了一个法令,他称之为 全美最具雄心和综合性的开放数据立法。
paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表; policymakers:n.决策人;(policymaker的复数) Mayor:n.市长;镇长; ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验; legislation:n.立法;法律;
In a lot of ways, he's right. 从各种意义上来说,他是对的。
In the last two years, the city has released 1,000 datasets on our open data portal , and it's pretty awesome . 在过去两年中,市政有1000个数据庫 放在我们的开放数据门户网站上, 还是蛮惊人的。
datasets:n.数据集;数据集集合;数据集对象(dataset的复数形式); portal:n.大门,入口; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
So you go and look at data like this, and instead of just counting the number of cabs, we can start to ask different questions. 我们来檢视这些数据, 除了数数计程车的数量, 我们也能开始问不一样的问题了。
So I had a question. 我有一个问题:
When's rush hour in New York City? 纽约市的交通高峰在什么时候？
rush hour:n.交通拥挤时间;高峰时刻;adj.高峰时刻的;
It can be pretty bothersome . When is rush hour exactly? 这简直烦人。高峰到底是什么时候？
bothersome:adj.麻烦的;令人讨厌的;
And I thought to myself, these cabs aren't just numbers, these are GPS recorders driving around in our city streets recording each and every ride they take. 我想到,这些计程车可不仅仅是个数字, 它们可以是开遍全市道路的GPS记录仪, 记录着乘客的每一差车程。
There's data there, and I looked at that data, and I made a plot of the average speed of taxis in New York City throughout the day. 数据是现成的。我檢视它们, 并制出一张图表,标出一天中纽约市计程车的平均时速。
plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
You can see that from about midnight to around 5:18 in the morning, speed increases, and at that point, things turn around, and they get slower and slower and slower until about 8:35 in the morning, when they end up at around 11 and a half miles per hour. 大家可以看到,从半夜到凌晨五点十八分, 时速一直在增加,然后到了拐点, 时速逐渐下降,在早间的八点三十五分, 时速降到十一英里半。
The average taxi is going 11 and a half miles per hour on our city streets, and it turns out it stays that way for the entire day. 运营中计程车的平均时速保持在十一英里半, 结果没有变化, 整天都是如此。
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I said to myself, I guess there's no rush hour in New York City. 我告诉自己,纽约市并不存在高峰时段,
There's just a rush day. 而是全天都高峰。
Makes sense. And this is important for a couple of reasons. 这是个有意义的结论,原因有几点。
If you're a transportation planner , this might be pretty interesting to know. 如果你是做交通规划的,知道这个结论会有意义。
planner:n.计划者,规划师;
But if you want to get somewhere quickly, you now know to set your alarm for 4:45 in the morning and you're all set. 如果你要快速到达某地, 只要把闹钟定在凌晨四点四十五分就行了。
New York, right? 纽约嘛！
But there's a story behind this data. 但这个数据背后还有故事。
This data wasn't just available, it turns out.
It actually came from something called a Freedom of Information Law Request, or a FOIL Request. 你需要做一个「信息自由法案申请」, 也叫「FOIL申请」。
Freedom of Information:n.信息自由(查阅政府所掌握有关个人及组织的信息的权利); FOIL:v.衬托;阻止,挡开;挫败;贴箔于;n.箔,金属薄片;衬托,烘托;叶形片;
This is a form you can find on the Taxi and Limousine Commission website. 你可以在计程车和轿车委员会的网站上找到相关申请表。
In order to access this data, you need to go get this form, fill it out, and they will notify you, and a guy named Chris Whong did exactly that. 如果要获得这些数据,你要弄到这张申请表, 填好上交,受理人员届时会通知你。 一个叫克里斯?旺的人就这样做了。
notify:vt.通告,通知;公布;
Chris went down, and they told him, "Just bring a brand new hard drive down to our office, leave it here for five hours, we'll copy the data and you take it back." 克里斯来到委员会,工作人员告诉他 「带个全新的硬盘来办公室, 我们会把相关数据拷贝给你,过五小时来拿。」
brand new:adj.崭新的;最近获得的; hard drive:n.硬盘驱动器;
And that's where this data came from. 这就是拿到数据的经过。
Now, Chris is the kind of guy who wants to make the data public, and so it ended up online for all to use, and that's where this graph came from. 克里斯想公开这些数据, 于是放到网路上供所有人使用,所以我才能做出这张图。
And the fact that it exists is amazing. These GPS recorders -- really cool. 这一切——这些GPS记录仪真是酷。
But the fact that we have citizens walking around with hard drives picking up data from city agencies to make it public -- it was already kind of public, you could get to it, but it was "public," it wasn't public. 但是,市民要携带自己的移动硬盘 踏遍市政机关,然后通过自己的努力公开,这件事—— 政府数据可以说是公开的,普通市民能得到它, 但这只是名义上的「公开」,并不是真正的公开。
And we can do better than that as a city. 我们的城市可以做得更好。
We don't need our citizens walking around with hard drives. 我们不需要费力带着移动硬盘到处跑。
Now, not every dataset is behind a FOIL Request. 并不是每一个数据庫都需要FOIL申请。
Here is a map I made with the most dangerous intersections in New York City based on cyclist accidents. 我做的这张地图标出了纽约市最危险的路口, 来源是脚踏车骑行者的交通事故数据。
intersections:n.交集,交叉点(intersection的复数形式);[交]十字路口; cyclist:n.骑自行车的人;
So the red areas are more dangerous. 红色区域更危险,
And what it shows is first the East side of Manhattan, especially in the lower area of Manhattan, has more cyclist accidents. 图上显示,首先,曼哈顿的东侧, 特别是曼哈顿的下城区域,脚踏车事故更多。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
That might make sense because there are more cyclists coming off the bridges there. 这可能是因为, 在这里有更多的骑行者从大桥下来。
cyclists:骑自行车的人(cyclist的复数);
But there's other hotspots worth studying. 图上还有其他的热点区域值得研究。
hotspots:n.热点(hotspot的复数);麻烦地点,热点地区;
There's Williamsburg. There's Roosevelt Avenue in Queens. 威廉姆斯堡、皇后区的罗斯福大道,
Avenue:n.途径;(城镇的)大街;林荫道(尤指通往大住宅者);选择;
And this is exactly the kind of data we need for Vision Zero. 这些咨询才是Vision Zero项目所需要的。
Vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
This is exactly what we're looking for. 这正是我们要找的东西。
But there's a story behind this data as well. 这个数据背后也有个故事。
This data didn't just appear. 这个数据并不是现成的。
How many of you guys know this logo ? 有多少人知道这个符号？
logo:n.标志;
Yeah, I see some shakes. 我看到有人点头了。
Have you ever tried to copy and paste data out of a PDF and make sense of it? 你们有没有试过从PDF文檔中拷贝和黏贴数据, 并据此作出结论呢？
paste:v.粘贴; n.面团; adj.人造的; make sense of:搞清…的意思;
I see more shakes. 我看到更多人点头了。
More of you tried copying and pasting than knew the logo. I like that. 试图拷贝粘贴的人比认识这个标志的人更多,真有趣。
pasting:n.裱糊,涂;粘合;
So what happened is, the data that you just saw was actually on a PDF. 你们刚刚看到的数据是做在PDF里的。
In fact, hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of pages of PDF put out by our very own NYPD, and in order to access it, you would either have to copy and paste for hundreds and hundreds of hours, or you could be John Krauss. 事实上,是成千上万页的PDF文檔, 由我们的纽约警署发布。 如果你想享用这些数据,你要不就持续 做复制黏贴的动作,花掉成千上万小时, 要不就像约翰?克劳斯一样。
put out by:由于某事而生气;
John Krauss was like, 约翰?克劳斯
I'm not going to copy and paste this data. I'm going to write a program. 可不想重复地去复制黏贴,他写了一个程式。
It's called the NYPD Crash Data Band-Aid , and it goes to the NYPD's website and it would download PDFs. 这个程序叫做「纽约警署交通事故数据OK蹦」, 它能到纽约警署的网站下载PDF文檔,
Band-Aid:n.创可贴;adj.补缀的;
Every day it would search; if it found a PDF, it would download it and then it would run some PDF-scraping program, and out would come the text, and it would go on the Internet, and then people could make maps like that. 每天它都去搜索;如果找到一个PDF文檔,就下载下来, 然后运行某个PDF解码的程式, 把其中的文字信息提取出来, 其中的讯息会发布在网路上,人们就可以制作这些地图。
And the fact that the data's here, the fact that we have access to it -- 这些数据就在那儿,我们都能得到——
Every accident, by the way , is a row in this table. 每一个交通事故就是一行数据。
by the way:顺便说一下;
You can imagine how many PDFs that is. 你们可以想像有多少PDF需要转码。
The fact that we have access to that is great, but let's not release it in PDF form, because then we're having our citizens write PDF scrapers . ——我们能看到这些数据固然好, 但能不能不要弄成PDF格式的, 不然市民们就得去写PDF解码的程式,
scrapers:n.[机]刮刀;刮运机(scraper的复数);
It's not the best use of our citizens' time, and we as a city can do better than that. 这对市民的时间来说是一种浪费, 而我们的城市能做的更好。
Now, the good news is that the de Blasio administration actually recently released this data a few months ago, and so now we can actually have access to it, but there's a lot of data still entombed in PDF. 有个好消息,白思豪市长的班底 在几个月前公开了这份数据, 所以我们能直接享用这些数据, 然而还有很多数据是PDF格式的。
recently:adv.最近;新近; entombed:vt.埋葬(entomb的过去式);
For example, our crime data is still only available in PDF. 譬如,我们的罪案数据目前只有PDF格式的。
And not just our crime data, our own city budget . 除了罪案数据,市政预算也是如此。
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
Our city budget is only readable right now in PDF form. 目前我们的市政预算只有PDF格式的。
readable:adj.可读的;易读的;读起来津津有味的;
And it's not just us that can't analyze it -- our own legislators who vote for the budget also only get it in PDF. 不仅是我们无法分析这些数字, 那些为市政预算投票的立法委员们 也只能拿到PDF版本的数字。
analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); legislators:n.立法委员;(legislator的复数)
So our legislators cannot analyze the budget that they are voting for. 所以我们的立法委员是无法分析他们要为之投票的市政预算的。
And I think as a city we can do a little better than that as well. 我认为我们的城市还能做得更好。
Now, there's a lot of data that's not hidden in PDFs. 很多数据已经不躲在PDF中了。
This is an example of a map I made, and this is the dirtiest waterways in New York City. 这里有一幅地图可以作为例证, 标示了纽约市最骯脏的水路。
waterways:n.水路;水道(waterway的复数);排水沟;
Now, how do I measure dirty? 我是如何衡量「骯脏」的呢?
Well, it's kind of a little weird , but I looked at the level of fecal coliform , which is a measurement of fecal matter in each of our waterways. 这里有些奇怪, 我衡量的是粪便大肠菌群的水平, 这是水路中粪便物质的一种衡量指标。
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; fecal:adj.排泄物的;残渣的;糟粕的; coliform:adj.筛状的;筛骨的; measurement:n.测量;度量;长度;
The larger the circle, the dirtier the water, so the large circles are dirty water, the small circles are cleaner. 圆圈越大,水就越脏, 所以图上的大圆圈代表脏水,小圆圈代表干净的水。
What you see is inland waterways. 大家看到的是内河水道。
inland:n.内地;内陆;adj.内陆的;内地的;国内的;adv.在内地;向内地;向内陆;在内陆;
This is all data that was sampled by the city over the last five years. 这里有纽约市过去五年采样的所有数据。
And inland waterways are, in general , dirtier. 内河水道总的来说变脏了。
in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
That makes sense, right? 这个结论挺合理的,对吗？
And the bigger circles are dirty. And I learned a few things from this. 大圆圈代表脏水。我从中学到了几件事情。
Number one: Never swim in anything that ends in " creek " or "canal." 第一:千万别在任何叫做「xx溪」或「xx运河」的地方游泳。
creek:n.小溪;小湾;
But number two: I also found the dirtiest waterway in New York City, by this measure, one measure. 但是第二:纽约市最脏的水路, 只看（粪便大肠菌群）这个唯一的指标,
In Coney Island Creek, which is not the Coney Island you swim in, luckily. 在康尼岛溪,幸好不是你们游泳的康尼岛。
Coney:n.兔毛皮;兔子;
It's on the other side . 那在岛的另一面。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
But Coney Island Creek, 94 percent of samples taken over the last five years have had fecal levels so high that it would be against state law to swim in the water. 但在康尼岛溪中,过去五年的采样中有94% 含有超标的粪便含量, 以至于达到州法律禁止游泳的水平。
And this is not the kind of fact that you're going to see boasted in a city report, right? 这种类型的事实 你可不会在市政报告中看到,不是吗？
boasted:v.v.有(引以为荣的事物)(boast的过去式和过去分词);扬言;
It's not going to be the front page on nyc.gov. 这也不会登上纽约市政府网站的头条。
front page:adj.(新闻等的)头版的;重要的;轰动的;vt.把…登在头版;
You're not going to see it there, but the fact that we can get to that data is awesome. 我们肯定不会看到的, 但能看到这些数据真实不错。
But once again, it wasn't super easy, because this data was not on the open data portal. 同样,拿到这些数据并不容易, 因为它们并不在公开数据门户网站上。
If you were to go to the open data portal, you'd see just a snippet of it, a year or a few months. 如果你看公开数据的门户网站, 你只能看到其中一些片段,只有一年内或几个月的数据。
snippet:n.小片;片断;不知天高地厚的年轻人;
It was actually on the Department of Environmental Protection's website. 这些数据其实是在环境保护部门的网站上。
And each one of these links is an Excel sheet , and each Excel sheet is different. 每一个链接都是一个Excel文件,而每个Excel文件都是不一样的。
Excel:v.超过;擅长; sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的;
Every heading is different: you copy, paste, reorganize . 每一个表头都不同:需要复制、黏贴、还有重新整理。
reorganize:v.重新组织;改组;整顿;
When you do you can make maps and that's great, but once again, we can do better than that as a city, we can normalize things. 一旦完成你就能做出这些地图,但我要再次重申, 我们的城市能做的更好,我们可以标准化。
normalize:vt.使正常化;使规格化,使标准化;
And we're getting there, because there's this website that Socrata makes called the Open Data Portal NYC. 我们正在改善这里有个索克拉塔公司建立的网站叫做「纽约市公开数据门户」。 这里,1100个数据庫
This is where 1,100 data sets that don't suffer from the things I just told you live, and that number is growing, and that's great. 都不存在标准化的问题, 而且（这些无缝连接的数据庫） 数字还在增加。
You can download data in any format, be it CSV or PDF or Excel document. 你可以下载任一格式的数据:CSV、PDF或Excel文件都可以。
Whatever you want, you can download the data that way. 按你自己的需求来下载。
The problem is, once you do, you will find that each agency codes their addresses differently. 但问题又来了, 你会发现不同的机构用不同的代码来表示地址。
So one is street name, intersection street, street, borough , address, building, building address. 有街道名、有路口名、 行政区、地址、建筑物、建筑物地址等等。
borough:n.区;自治的市镇;
So once again, you're spending time, even when we have this portal, you're spending time normalizing our address fields. 所以,即使有这个门户网站的幫助, 你还得花时间来标准化地址这块的数据。
normalizing:v.(使)正常化,标准化,常规化;(normalize的现在分词)
And that's not the best use of our citizens' time. 这也不是有效利用市民时间的方法。
We can do better than that as a city. 我们的城市能做得更好。
We can standardize our addresses, and if we do, we can get more maps like this. 我们可以对地址进行标准化, 如果做到了,我们就能做出更多这样的地图。
standardize:vt.使标准化;用标准检验;
This is a map of fire hydrants in New York City, but not just any fire hydrants. 这是纽约市消防龙头的地图, 但不仅于此。
hydrants:[安全]消防龙头;给水栓;
These are the top 250 grossing fire hydrants in terms of parking tickets. 这些是前250个吃到最多违章停车罚单的消防栓位置图。
grossing:[口语](未扣除各项费用之前)赚得总收入(或毛利);
(Laughter) （笑声）
So I learned a few things from this map, and I really like this map. 我从图中学到了几件事,我也真的喜欢这张图。
Number one, just don't park on the Upper East Side. 第一:别在上东区停车。
Upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂;
Just don't. It doesn't matter where you park, you will get a hydrant ticket. 千万别停。因为不管停哪里都会吃罚单。
Number two, I found the two highest grossing hydrants in all of New York City, and they're on the Lower East Side, and they were bringing in over 55,000 dollars a year in parking tickets. 第二:我找出了全纽约市最最容易吃到违章停车罚单的两个消防栓的位置, 两个都在下东区, 每年能在罚单上创收五万五千多美金。
And that seemed a little strange to me when I noticed it, so I did a little digging and it turns out what you had is a hydrant and then something called a curb extension , which is like a seven-foot space to walk on, and then a parking spot. 我注意到这点,觉得有些奇怪, 于是深入挖掘了一下原因,结果发现消防栓 都有一个叫做控制扩展的区域, 是约有七英呎的一块地方,可以走路, 然后是一个停车位。
curb:vt.遏制;控制,限定,约束;n.起控制(或限制)作用的事物 extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机;
And so these cars came along, and the hydrant -- "It's all the way over there, I'm fine," 所以车开过来,司机发现消防栓, 想“还有一段距离,这里没问题的”,
and there was actually a parking spot painted there beautifully for them. 何况地上还有一个画得美美的停车位,
They would park there, and the NYPD disagreed with this designation and would ticket them. 司机停好车,但纽约警署不同意这种配置, 开出了罚单。
disagreed:v.不同意;有分歧;不符;不一致;(disagree的过去分词和过去式) designation:n.指定;名称;指示;选派;
And it wasn't just me who found a parking ticket . 可不只是我本人吃了罚单,
parking ticket:n.违章停车罚单;
This is the Google Street View car driving by finding the same parking ticket. 这是谷歌街景拍到的一辆过路车, 也吃了同样的一张罚单。
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
So I wrote about this on my blog , on I Quant NY, and the DOT responded , and they said, "While the DOT has not received any complaints about this location , we will review the roadway markings and make any appropriate alterations ." 于是我把这件事发到自己的部落格上以及“I Quant NY”上, 结果交通部门回复如下: “交通部并未就此地点收到相关投诉, 我们会重新檢视道路标志,并做出适当的改善措施。”
blog:n.博客;部落格;网络日志; Quant:n.船桨;数量分析专家;vt.用篙撑;vi.用篙撑船; responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词) complaints:n.不满;抱怨;投诉;控告;(complaint的复数) location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 roadway:n.道路;路面;车行道;铁路的路基; markings:n.标记;记分;成交价格记录(marking的复数); appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; alterations:n.改变;变更;服装修改(alteration的复数);
And I thought to myself, typical government response , all right, moved on with my life. 我暗自想:多么官腔！ 好吧,我该干嘛干嘛去了。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; response:n.响应;反应;回答;
But then, a few weeks later, something incredible happened. 然而,几周时间过去,发生了意料之外的事情。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
They repainted the spot, and for a second I thought I saw the future of open data, because think about what happened here. 停车位重新画了, 那一瞬间我觉得能看到公开数据的未来。 大家想想这件事,
repainted:vt.重画;重新绘制;重漆;(repaint的过去分词和过去式)
For five years, this spot was being ticketed, and it was confusing , and then a citizen found something, they told the city, and within a few weeks the problem was fixed. 过去五年,这个让人困惑的停车位一直让人吃罚单, 但某一天,一位市民发现了问题报告市政机关,又过了几周时间, 问题车位被修正了。
confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词)
It's amazing. And a lot of people see open data as being a watchdog . 太不可思议了。很多人认为公开数据让市民变成政府的监视者,
watchdog:n.看门狗;监察人;忠实的看守人;
It's not, it's about being a partner. 并非如此,它实则让人们成为了合作伙伴。
We can empower our citizens to be better partners for government, and it's not that hard. 市民能够有底气成为政府更好的合作伙伴, 这并不难。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
All we need are a few changes. 我们只需要作出一些改变。
If you're FOILing data, if you're seeing your data being FOILed over and over again , let's release it to the public, that's a sign that it should be made public. 如果我们在申请FOIL信息自由法案数据, 如果你看到自己申请的数据已经被反覆申请, 让我们直接向公众公开,因为反覆申请就是需要公开的一种信号。
FOILing:n.[建]叶形饰;锡箔;v.阻挠;挫败(foil的ing形式); FOILed:adj.有叶形装饰的;v.阻止(foil的过去式和过去分词); over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
And if you're a government agency releasing a PDF, let's pass legislation that requires you to post it with the underlying data, because that data is coming from somewhere. 如果某个政府机关正在发布PDF数据, 让我们通过法案要求他们发布隐藏的数据, 因为这些数据必定有来源。
releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词); underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
I don't know where, but it's coming from somewhere, and you can release it with the PDF. 我不知道从哪儿,但肯定有来源, 可以发布PDF之外的信息。
And let's adopt and share some open data standards . 让我们运用并分享一些公开数据的标准。
adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
Let's start with our addresses here in New York City. 让我们从纽约本市的地址开始,
Let's just start normalizing our addresses. 把地址标准化。
Because New York is a leader in open data. 因为纽约是公开数据的领导者。
Despite all this, we are absolutely a leader in open data, and if we start normalizing things, and set an open data standard, others will follow. The state will follow, and maybe the federal government, 尽管如此,我们绝对是公开数据的领导者, 如果我们开始做标准化的工作,建立公开数据的标准, 我知道这或许听上去有些疯狂,
Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
Other countries could follow, and we're not that far off from a time where you could write one program and map information from 100 countries. 但别的国家也未尝不会追随。 我们不久后也许能开发出 可以涵盖100个国家地图信息的程式。
It's not science fiction . We're actually quite close. 这可不是科幻小说,而是指日可待的事实。
science fiction:科幻小说;
And by the way, who are we empowering with this? 这能幫助谁？
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
Because it's not just John Krauss and it's not just Chris Whong. 可不单单是约翰?克劳斯和克里斯?旺。
There are hundreds of meetups going on in New York City right now, active meetups. 纽约城现在正有几百个聚会在进行, 都是活跃的聚会。
meetups:聚会;
There are thousands of people attending these meetups. 这些聚会让几千人参与其中。
These people are going after work and on weekends, and they're attending these meetups to look at open data and make our city a better place. 共同研究空开数据, 幫助我们的城市变得更好,
Groups like BetaNYC, who just last week released something called citygram.nyc that allows you to subscribe to 311 complaints around your own home, or around your office. BetaNYC这样的团体,上周刚刚发布了citygram.nyc 让你能够订阅311个 自己住家或办公地周围的投诉。
subscribe:vi.订阅;捐款;认购;赞成;签署;vt.签署;赞成;捐助;
You put in your address, you get local complaints. 你输入地址,就能看到附近的投诉。
And it's not just the tech community that are after these things. 而且,做这些事情的并不限于技术社团。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
It's urban planners like the students I teach at Pratt . 我在Pratt学院教的城市规划学生也在做同样的事。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员; Pratt:n.屁股;
It's policy advocates , it's everyone, it's citizens from a diverse set of backgrounds. 还有政策提倡者、以至每个人, 是拥有不同领域背景的市民们。
advocates:n.拥护者; vt.主张(advocate的第三人称单数); diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的;
And with some small, incremental changes, we can unlock the passion and the ability of our citizens to harness open data and make our city even better, whether it's one dataset, or one parking spot at a time. 随着一个个小的改变, 我们能解开市民们激情和能力的封印, 好好利用空开数据,建设更好的城市, 就算每次只有一个数据庫,或只是一个停车位。
incremental:adj.增加的,增值的; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; harness:vt.治理; n.马具;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）