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BenDunlap_2007-_对人生的热情_
'"Yo napot, pacak!" Which, as somebody here must surely know, means "What's up, guys?" in Magyar, that peculiar non-Indo-European language spoken by Hungarians -- Yo napot, pacak! , 想必在座一定有人知道 在匈牙利语的意思是:“伙计们,怎么样！” 匈牙利人讲的一口非欧洲大陆语系的奇特语种
peculiar:adj.特殊的;独特的;奇怪的;罕见的;n.特权;特有财产;
for which, given the fact that cognitive diversity is at least as threatened as biodiversity on this planet, few would have imagined much of a future even a century or two ago. 那么,如果说我们认知的多样性目前受威胁程度 在这个星球上已堪比生物多样性 一两个世纪之前几乎没有人可以想象会有何样的未来
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; biodiversity:n.生物多样性;
But there it is: "Yo napot, pacak!" 然而你又能听到 Yo napot, pacak!
I said somebody here must surely know, because despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with, and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop 我刚说在座各位必定有人知道,因为 尽管说, 其实匈牙利并不是一个人口众多的民族 据我所致,在我身体里不曾流有一滴匈牙利的血,
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; so far as:只要;就…而言;在…范围内;
of Hungarian blood in my veins , at every critical juncture of my life there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me. 但是在我生命里每个关键时刻, 都有一位匈牙利朋友和导师在我身旁。
veins:n.[解剖]静脉(vein的复数); v.使有脉络; critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; juncture:n.接缝;连接;接合; mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
I even have dreams that take place in landscapes 连梦境都好似在匈牙利发生的一样。
take place:发生;举行; landscapes:n.风景; v.从事庭园设计;
I recognize as the landscapes of Hungarian films, especially the early movies of Miklos Jancso. 我能认出那是匈牙利的电影中会浮现的场景 尤其是米洛斯·杨索的早期电影作品中的那些。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
So how do I explain this mysterious affinity ? 怎样解释这种神奇的联系？
mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的; affinity:n.密切关系;吸引力;姻亲关系;类同;
Maybe it's because my native state of South Carolina , which is not much smaller than present-day Hungary, once imagined a future for itself as an independent country. 或许是因为我的故乡, 与匈牙利大小相似的南卡罗莱纳洲, 它也曾经设想成为一个独立国家。
native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部); present-day:adj.现代的;当今的;现在的;现时的; independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
And as a consequence of that presumption , my hometown was burned to the ground by an invading army, an experience that has befallen many a Hungarian town and village throughout its long and troubled history. 顺着这种假定推测, 我的家乡被入侵的军队焚为平地 许多匈牙利的城镇乡村,在其漫长多舛的历史上,也曾遭受过外敌入侵, 有着十分相似的历程
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; presumption:n.放肆,傲慢;推测; invading:v.武装入侵;侵略;侵犯;涌入;干扰(invade的现在分词) befallen:v.降临;发生;befall的过去分词;落到; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
Or maybe it's because when I was a teenager back in the '50s, my uncle Henry, having denounced the Ku Klux Klan -- and having been bombed for his trouble and had crosses burned in his yard -- 也或是因在50年代的时候, 那时我还是一个十几岁的少年 我的叔叔亨利, 曾强烈谴责了三K党 并因此受到责难,有人在他的院子里焚烧十字架（三K党的仪式）
denounced:adj.公开抨击的;v.谴责;揭发;声明…无效(denounce的过去分词); Ku Klux Klan:n.三K党(美国南部的白人秘密组织,通过暴力反对社会变革和为黑人争取平等权利);
living under death threat, took his wife and children to Massachusetts for safety and went back to South Carolina to face down the Klan alone. 甚至他的生命都受到了威胁。所以他送他的妻儿到马萨诸塞州寻求避难 然后只身回到了南卡罗来纳州,去面对敌党的迫害
That was a very Hungarian thing to do, as anyone will attest who remembers 1956. 那可谓是一桩十分匈牙利般的事迹 任何能忆起1956年的故人都能证实
attest:v.证明;证实;为…作证;
And of course, from time to time Hungarians have invented their own equivalent of the Klan. 当然了,有些时候匈牙利人 也发明了他们自己类似三K党的组织
from time to time:不时,有时; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
Well, it seems to me that this Hungarian presence in my life is difficult to account for , but ultimately I ascribe it to an admiration for people with a complex moral awareness -- with a heritage of guilt and defeat matched by defiance and bravado . 很难解释发生在我生命里的这种与匈牙利民族的神奇联系, 在经历了一系列对道德的复杂认识后, 最终我归因于对人民的敬仰之情, 伴随着挑衅和虚张声势,他们继承了内疚和挫折。
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; ascribe:vt.归因于;归咎于; admiration:n.钦佩;赞赏;羡慕;赞美; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权; defiance:n.蔑视;挑战;反抗; bravado:n.虚张声势;冒险;
It's not a typical mindset for most Americans. 这决不是大多美国人的典型思维形态
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
But it is perforce typical of virtually all Hungarians. 但在所有匈牙利人中确实张显无遗
perforce:adv.一定,必须;必然地; virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上;
So, "Yo napot, pacak!" 所以, Yo napot, pacak!
I went back to South Carolina after some 15 years amid the alien corn, at the tail end of the 1960s, with the reckless condescension of that era , thinking I would save my people. 大约在国外待了15年之后,我再次回到南卡罗来纳州 也就是在二十世纪六十年代末 带着那个时代的轻率地优越感, 一厢情愿的以为能“拯救”我的人民。
amid:prep.在…过程中;在…中;四周是; tail end:n.末端;末尾;尾端; reckless:adj.鲁莽的,不顾后果的;粗心大意的; condescension:n.谦虚;屈尊;傲慢态度;纡尊降贵[表不满]; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
Never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving. 却没有考虑到,他们还没有真正认为到自己需要解救。
Never mind:没关系;
I labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate South Carolina, a Methodist-affiliated institution of higher learning called Wofford College. 在我朝当时正在混乱状态的小王国南卡罗来纳州进发前, 我曾在那里的葡萄园工作了25年, 在一个附属于卫理公会的高等院校--伍夫德学院教书
labored:adj.吃力的;费劲的;不自然的;v.工作;劳动;分娩(labor的过去分词); vineyard:n.(为酿酒而种植的)葡萄园;酿酒厂; upstate:adj.北部的;偏僻的;n.州的北部;adv.在州的北部;在州内远离大城市地区; institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗;
I knew nothing about Wofford, and even less about Methodism , but I was reassured on the first day that I taught at Wofford College to find, among the auditors in my classroom, 我对于伍夫德还一无所知, 卫理公会就更不知道是什么了, 但是我在伍夫德学院上的第一堂课就给了我莫大的信心, 我不出意料的发现在众多的听众中
Methodism:n.墨守成规;拘泥形式; reassured:adj.使消除疑虑的;使放心的;v.使安心;再次保证(reassure的过去式); auditors:n.审计员;听者(auditor的复数);
a 90-year-old Hungarian, surrounded by a bevy of middle-aged European women who seemed to seemed to function as an entourage of Rhine maidens . 有一位90多岁的匈牙利人。老人被一群中年欧洲女子围着, ,好像是莱茵女儿的仆人那样守护他。
bevy:n.一群; middle-aged:adj.中年的;具有中年人特点的;适合于中年人的; entourage:n.随从;周围;环境; Rhine:n.莱茵河(位于欧洲西部); maidens:n.少女;处女(maiden的复数形式);(未婚)女子;
His name was Sandor Teszler. 这个名叫桑德·特兹勒的老顽童,
He was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead and whose grandchildren lived far away. 独身一人,妻子和孩子都去世了, 孙儿远走他乡。
puckish:adj.恶作剧的,淘气的; widower:n.鳏夫;
In appearance he resembled Mahatma Gandhi -- minus the loincloth , plus orthopedic boots. 从外表看,老人很像圣雄甘地—— 如果去掉腰带,穿上靴子的话。
appearance:n.外貌;外观;外表; resembled:像,类似(resemble的过去式); Mahatma:n.大圣;超人; Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖); minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的; loincloth:n.缠腰带;腰布; orthopedic:adj.整形外科的(等于orthopaedic);
He had been born in 1903 in the provinces of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, in what later would become Yugoslavia. 他于1903年, 出生在曾经还是奥匈帝国的统治的一个省区, 也就是现在南斯拉夫的所在地。
He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew -- his parents weren't very religious anyhow -- but because he had been born with two club feet, 还是个孩子的时候他就遭到流放,虽然他并不是犹太人-- 他的父母也没有什么非常特别的宗教信仰-- 由于特兹勒患有先天性马蹄内翻足（先天双足畸形）。
ostracized:v.排挤;排斥;(ostracize的过去式和过去分词) Jew:v.(集合词)犹太人;犹太人的世界;犹太教;-dom;n.犹太人;犹太教徒; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11. 这种情况在当时是要被收容在病院, 并且要接受一系列的痛苦的手术治疗,治疗一直从1岁持续到11岁。
institutionalization:n.制度化;体制化; succession:n.连续;继位;继承权;[生态]演替; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
He went to the commercial business high school as a young man in Budapest . And there he was as smart as he was modest , and he enjoyed a considerable success, and after graduation, when he went into textile engineering , the success continued. 他后来在布达佩斯上高中,学一些经商的课程, 那个时候他挺聪明也挺谨慎的, 毕业的时候他也取得了不错的好成绩。 后来他开了一家纺织厂,也干的不错。
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; Budapest:n.布达佩斯(匈牙利的首都); modest:adj.些许的;谦虚的; considerable:adj.相当大的;重要的,值得考虑的; textile:n.纺织品;纺织业; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
He built one plant after another. 他开了一家又一家的工厂。
He married and had two sons. He had friends in high places who assured him that he was of great value to the economy . 结了婚,生了两个儿子。他那些有本事的有地位的朋友 都信誓旦旦地说他对当地经济的发展来说是很有价值的。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
Once, as he had left instructions to have done, he was summoned in the middle of the night by the night watchman at one of his plants. 有一天,他已经把所有的指令都吩咐下去了, 半夜却被他的一个工厂的保安叫醒,
summoned:v.传唤,传讯(出庭);召集,召开;(summon的过去式和过去分词) watchman:n.看守人;巡夜者;
The night watchman had caught an employee who was stealing socks -- it was a hosiery mill , and he’d simply backed up the truck to the loading dock and was shoveling in mountains of socks. 保安说,捉到了一个偷袜子的小偷——那个小偷正是工厂的职工。 抓到他时,那个人正在停装货车子的月台上, 在堆积如山的袜子堆里铲袜子。
hosiery:n.针织品;袜类; mill:n.磨坊;工厂;磨粉机;面粉厂;v.磨成粉; dock:n.码头;船坞;被告席;尾巴的骨肉部分;vt.使靠码头;剪短;vi.入船坞;
Mr. Teszler went down to the plant and confronted the thief and said, "But why do you steal from me? If you need money you have only to ask." 特兹勒用一种安慰的语气对小偷说, “你何必要偷袜子呢？要是你需要钱,你直接跟我说嘛。”
confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式)
The night watchman, seeing how things were going and waxing indignant , said, "Well, we're going to call the police, aren't we?" 那个保安,愤愤然的看着整件事的发展, 问是否要叫来警察,
waxing:v.给…打蜡;用蜡除去…上的毛;(wax的现在分词) indignant:adj.愤愤不平的;义愤的;
But Mr. Teszler answered, "No, that will not be necessary. 特兹勒说,“完全不需要,
He will not steal from us again." 因为他以后都不会再偷窃了。”
Well, maybe he was too trusting, because he stayed where he was long after the Nazi Anschluss in Austria , and even after the arrests and deportations began in Budapest. 也许,有时他太过于亲信了,因为,德国纳粹进驻奥地利一段时间了 他还留在奥地利不走, 甚至当布达佩斯的一些人被拘留或者流放
Austria:n.奥地利;[国]奥地利;欧洲中南部内陆国家; deportations:n.驱逐出境;放逐;遣送回国;(deportation的复数)
He took the simple precaution of having cyanide capsules placed in lockets that could be worn about the necks of himself and his family. 特兹勒早早地就在身边准备好了几支有剧毒的氰化物, 以备他和家人不时之需。
precaution:n.预防,警惕;预防措施;v.警惕;预先警告; cyanide:n.[无化]氰化物; capsules:n.[药]胶囊(capsule的复数); v.压缩; lockets:小盒,纪念品盒(locket的名词复数形式);
And then, one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested, and they were taken to a death house on the Danube. 然后,真的有一天:他和他的家人都被捉了, 他们被带到多瑙河岸的一个死亡之屋。
In those early days of the Final Solution , it was handcrafted brutality -- people were beaten to death and their bodies tossed into the river -- but none who entered that death house had ever come out alive. 在集中营就要解放之前,情况非常的惨不忍睹-- 那些被捉的人被活生生的打死,尸体直接丢到多瑙河里-- 进了死亡之屋的人没一个活着出来了。
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期; Solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; handcrafted:adj.手工制作的;v.用手工制作;(handcraft的过去分词和过去式) brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式); tossed:v.扔,抛,掷;甩;(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;(toss的过去分词和过去式)
And in a twist you would not believe in a Steven Spielberg film the Gauleiter who was overseeing this brutal beating was the very same thief who had stolen socks from Mr. Teszler's hosiery mill. 这时候故事发生了转折,这甚至在史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的电影里你也不敢相信-- 监视酷刑的刽子手竟然是 前面提到的那个偷袜子的人。
twist:v.捻;扭转;曲折;扭动;n.捻;拧;扭动;搓; Gauleiter:(纳粹德国的)省长,地方长官; overseeing:监督;审查;俯瞰;偷看到,无意中看到;
It was a brutal beating. And midway through that brutality, one of Mr. Teszler's sons, Andrew, looked up and said, "Is it time to take the capsule now, Papa?" 酷刑真是惨不忍睹,特兹勒的一个儿子安德鲁看不下去了, 抬头对父亲说, “该服药了。”
midway:n.中途;娱乐场;adj.中途的;adv.中途;
And the Gauleiter, who afterwards vanishes from from this story, leaned down and whispered into Mr. Teszler's ear, "No, do not take the capsule. Help is on the way." 那个就要从故事中消失的纳粹头头, 扭过头来对特兹勒说, “千万不要！救兵马上到了！”
vanishes:v.[数]消失(vanish的三单形式); leaned:v.前俯后仰;倾斜;倚靠;使斜靠;(lean的过去分词和过去式)
And then resumed the beating. 然后继续施暴。
resumed:n.摘要; vt.重新开始,继续; vi.重新开始,继续;
But help-- help was on the way, and shortly afterward a car arrived from the Swiss Embassy . 不久,瑞士大使馆果然派来了人员 把特兹勒从死神的手里拉了回来。
afterward:adv.以后,后来; Embassy:n.大使馆;大使馆全体人员;
They were spirited to safety. They were reclassified as Yugoslav citizens and they managed to stay one step ahead of their pursuers for the duration of the War, surviving burnings and bombings , and, at the end of the War, arrest by the Soviets . 他们被秘密地带到了安全的地方。他们被重新划分为南斯拉夫人, 在战争期间,他们成功的和追捕者进行周旋, 逃过了火灾和爆炸的种种劫难, 在战争即将结束的时候,被苏军捉住了。
reclassified:v.将…重新分类;将…重新归类;(reclassify的过去分词和过去式) pursuers:n.追求者;追捕者;研究者;原告; duration:n.持续时间;期间; burnings:adj.燃烧的;强烈的;发热的;n.燃烧;vi.燃烧(burn的现在分词); bombings:n.[军]轰炸,[军]投弹;v.轰击;引爆炸弹(bomb的ing形式); Soviets:n.苏联人(soviet的复数);苏联政府;
Probably Mr. Teszler had gotten some money into Swiss bank accounts, because he managed to take his family first to Great Britain , then to Long Island, and then to the center of the textile industry in the American South. 估计是因为特兹勒在瑞士的银行有较大一笔存款, 因为他和家人都逃到英国去了, 然后到了长岛,最后去了美国南部纺织业的中心,
Great Britain:n.大不列颠(包括英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士);
Which, as chance would have it, was Spartanburg, South Carolina: the location of Wofford College. 非常巧合的是,他到的就是南卡罗来纳州的斯帕坦堡: 伍夫德学院的所在地。
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
And there Mr. Teszler began all over again, and once again achieved immense success, especially after he invented a process for manufacturing a new fabric called double-knit . 在这儿,特兹勒一切重头开始,并且又一次取得了巨大的成功, 特别是他发明了一种 叫做双面针织物的制作方法。
immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构; double-knit:双面针织的;
And then -- then in the late 1950s, in the aftermath of Brown versus Board of Education, when the Klan was resurgent all over the South, 然后 在20世纪50年代末,布朗诉教育委员会案的影响下, ３K党又在南部复苏,
aftermath:n.后果;余波; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; resurgent:adj.复活的;复苏的;n.复活者;
Mr. Teszler said, "I have heard this talk before." 特兹勒说:＂我已经听说了．＂
And he called his top assistant to him and asked, "Where would you say, in this region , racism is most virulent ?" 然后他把他的高级助理叫到身边,问到, ＂你说这里种族偏见最严重的是哪块地区？＂
region:n.地区;范围;部位; racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; virulent:adj.剧毒的;恶性的;有恶意的;
'"Well, I don't rightly know, Mr.Teszler. I reckon that would be Kings Mountain." ＂我不是很清楚,特兹勒先生,我猜是金斯山那块地方．＂
rightly:adv.正确地;恰当地;公正地;合适地; reckon:v.认为;想;估计;计算;
'"Good. Buy us some land in Kings Mountain, and then announce we are going to build a major plant there." ＂很好,你去金斯山置购一些地, 然后对外宣布说我们将要在那建一个大厂房．＂
The man did as he was told, and shortly afterwards 助理把事情办好后,没多久
Mr. Teszler received a visit from the white mayor of Kings Mountain. 特兹勒先生就受到了金斯山白人市长的接见．
mayor:n.市长;镇长;
Now, you should know that at that time the textile industry in the South was notoriously segregated . 你要知道在那个时候 美国南部地区的纺织业里的种族歧视现象臭名远扬．
notoriously:adv.众所周知地;声名狼藉地;恶名昭彰地; segregated:adj.被隔离的;v.隔离(segregate的过去式);分离;
The white mayor visited Mr. Teszler and said, "Mr. Teszler, I trust you’re going to be hiring a lot of white workers." 白人市长对特兹勒先生说: ＂特兹勒先生,我相信你一定需要雇佣很多的白人．＂
Mr. Teszler told him, "You bring me the best workers that you can find, and if they are good enough, I will hire them." 特兹勒先生回答到:＂你把你们这最好的工人带过来, 如果我觉得可以的话,我当然会用他们．＂
He also received a visit from the leader of the black community , a minister , who said, "Mr. Teszler, I sure hope you're going to hire some black workers for this new plant of yours." 特兹勒先生同时也接到了当地黑人社区领导的邀约, 一个部长提到:＂特兹勒先生,我真希望您的新工厂可以 雇佣一批黑人．＂
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; minister:n.部长;大臣;牧师;vi.执行牧师职务;辅助或伺候某人;
He got the same answer: "You bring the best workers you can find, and if they are good enough, I will hire them." 他也答道:＂你把你们这最好的工人带过来, 如果我觉得可以的话,我当然会用他们．＂
As it happens, the black minister did his job better than the white mayor, but that's neither here or there. 非常巧合的是,白人,黑人 两方实力相当．
Mr.Teszler hired 16 men, eight white, eight black. 特兹勒先生最后选定的１６个人里,正好８个白人,８个黑人．
They were to be his seed group, his future foremen . 他们这批人将会是新厂的核心团队,未来的工头．
foremen:[经管]工长;工头;
He had installed the heavy equipment for his new process in an abandoned store in the vicinity of Kings Mountain, and for two months these 16 men would live and work together, mastering the new process. 他在金斯山附近一家荒废的仓库 购置了一套大型设备． 在接下来的两个月里,这１６个人要一起生活和工作, 熟练掌握这套新流程．
installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) vicinity:n.邻近,附近;近处;
He gathered them together after an initial tour of the facility and asked if there were any questions. 在大略参观了整个厂房后,特兹勒先生把他们叫到一起, 问他们还有什么疑问．
initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资;
There was hemming and hawing and shuffling of feet, and then one of the white workers stepped forward and said, "Well, yeah. We’ve looked at this place -- and there's only one place to sleep, 刚开始他们都吞吞吐吐,欲言又止的, 最后终于有个白人站出来, ＂我们仔细看了一下这里,睡觉的地方只有一个,
hemming:n.卷边;车脚;还口;v.缝褶边;包围;说话吞吞吐吐;清嗓子(hem的ing形式); hawing:n.山楂,山楂果;吆喝牲畜左转;瞬膜;vi.向左转;vt.使向左转; shuffling:v.拖着脚走;坐立不安;洗牌;(shuffle的现在分词)
there's only one place to eat, there's only one bathroom, there's only one water fountain . Is this plant going to be integrated , or what?" 吃饭的地方只有一个,卫生间只有一个, 饮水的地方只有一个．这个工厂是要把我们弄在一起还是怎么样？＂
water fountain:un.海水喷涌;喷水; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词)
Mr. Teszler said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other textile workers in this region, and this is how we do business. Do you have any other questions?" 特兹勒先生回答到,＂你们在这里拿到了普通工人双倍的工资, 我们就是这样管理的．你们还有别的问题吗？＂
wages:n.[劳经]工资; v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式);
'"No, I reckon I don't." ＂我觉得没什么问题了．＂
And two months later, when the main plant opened and hundreds of new workers, white and black, poured in to see the facility for the first time, they were met by the 16 foremen, white and black, standing shoulder to shoulder . 两个月后,当总厂开始运营的时候 成百上千的工人,白人和黑人 蜂拥而至参观工厂, 他们看到这16个工头肩并肩站着,既有黑人又有白人。
poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式) standing shoulder to shoulder:比肩而立;肩并肩;
They toured the facility and were asked if there were any questions. And inevitably , the same question arose : "Is this plant integrated, or what?" 他们参观了工厂然后被问是否有任何疑问。 意料之中,同样的问题再次被提到: “这个工厂是要把我们弄在一起还是怎么样？”
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地; arose:vi.出现(arise的过去式);引发;
One of the white foremen stepped forward and said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers in this industry in this region and this is how we do business. 一个白人工头站出来说, “你们在这里拿到了普通工人双倍的工资, 我们就是这样管理的。
Do you have any other questions?" 你还有什么异议吗？”
And there were none. In one fell swoop , 再没有人作声了。没过多久,
swoop:v.俯冲;突然袭击;突然行动;n.突然袭击;俯冲;突击搜查;
Mr. Teszler had integrated the textile industry in that part of the South. 特兹勒先生带动当地纺织产业都取消了种族隔离的管理。
It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi, conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint . 他带来的效应堪比圣雄甘地, 兼具律师的机智和圣贤的理想主义。
worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物; conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式) shrewdness:n.精明;机灵; idealism:n.唯心主义,理想主义;理念论; saint:n.圣人;圣徒;道德崇高的人;adj.神圣的;v.成为圣徒;
In his eighties, Mr. Teszler, having retired from the textile industry, adopted Wofford College -- auditing courses every semester . 特兹勒先生在八十多岁的时候从纺织业退下来, 到伍夫德学院学习-- 每个学期都回去听课。
adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); auditing:n.审计;[审计]查帐;v.审计;查账(audit的现在分词); semester:n.学期;半年;
And, because he had a tendency to kiss anything that moved, becoming affectionately known as Opi -- which is Magyar for grandfather -- by all and sundry . By the time I got there, the library of the college 他总是和蔼可亲, 很受欢迎,并被大家亲切地称为Opi--匈牙利语里是祖父的意思。 我到伍夫德的时候,学院的图书馆就是以
tendency:n.倾向,趋势;癖好; affectionately:adv.亲切地;挚爱地; sundry:adj.杂的;各式各样的;n.杂货;杂项;
had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993, the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College. 特兹勒先生的名字命名的,到1993年我再次回到伍夫德, 全校教师决定授予特兹勒先生教授职称。
faculty:n.科,系;能力;全体教员;
Partly because at that point he had already taken all of the courses of the catalog , but mainly because he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us. 部分是因为他已经学完了学校所有的课程, 但主要还是因为 他拥有超群的智慧。
catalog:n.目录册;产品样本;学校便览;一览表;v.(为…)编目录;(把…)按目录分类; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; conspicuously:adv.显著地,明显地;超群地,惹人注目地;
To me, it was immensely reassuring that the presiding spirit of this little Methodist college in upstate South Carolina was a Holocaust survivor from Central Europe. 给我极大鼓励和震撼的是他 对于这个南卡罗来纳州偏僻地区 在欧洲中部大屠杀中幸存下来的卫理公会学院的引导精神。
immensely:adv.极大地;无限地;广大地;庞大地; reassuring:adj.安心的;可靠的;鼓气的;v.使放心(reassure的现在分词); presiding:adj.首席的;主持会议的,指挥的;v.主持;主管(preside的现在分词); Methodist:n.卫理公会派教徒;adj.卫理公会教派的; Holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭;
Wise he was, indeed, but he also had a wonderful sense of humor . 他同时也是一个非常幽默的人。
humor:n.幽默;心情;情绪;脾气;v.迎合;迁就;
And once, for an interdisciplinary class, 在一次跨学科的课堂上,
interdisciplinary:adj.各学科间的;
I was screening the opening segment of Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal." 我正播放英格玛·伯格曼“第七封印”的电影片断。
segment:n.段;部分;片;弓形;v.分割;划分;
As the medieval knight Antonius Blok returned from the wild goose chase of the Crusades and arrived on the rocky shore of Sweden, only to find the specter of death waiting for him, 骑士布洛克从十字军东征回到故土, 多礁的瑞典海岸。 在途中他遇到了死神的化身。
medieval:adj.中世纪的;原始的;仿中世纪的;老式的; knight:n.(中世纪的)骑士;(英国)爵士(其名前冠以Sir);v.封(某人)为爵士; wild goose chase:徒劳无功;荒谬无益之追求; Crusades:n.十字军;十字军东征; rocky:adj.岩石的;多岩石的;困难的;难以维持的; specter:n.幽灵;妖怪;恐怖之物;
Mr. Teszler sat in the dark with his fellow students. And as death opened his cloak to embrace the knight in a ghastly embrace, I heard Mr. Teszler's tremulous voice: "Oh, oh," he said, "This doesn't look so good." 特兹勒先生和他的同学坐在暗处。 当死神的黑色斗篷就要包围骑士时 听到特兹勒先生颤抖的声音: “哦 哦 情况不妙。”
cloak:n.斗蓬;宽大外衣;托词;vt.遮掩;隐匿; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; ghastly:adj.可怕的;惨白的;惊人的;极坏的;adv.恐怖地;惨白地; tremulous:adj.胆小的;战栗的;震颤的;
But it was music that was his greatest passion , especially opera , and on the first occasion that I visited his house he gave me honor of deciding what piece of music we would listen to. 特兹勒先生最钟爱的还是音乐,尤其是歌剧, 我第一次拜访他家, 他就请我挑选要播放的音乐。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本; on the first occasion:一有机会;
And I delighted him by rejecting "Cavalerria Rusticana" 没有选《乡村骑士间奏曲〉
delighted:adj.高兴的; v.使高兴; (delight的过去分词和过去式) rejecting:v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用;不出售,不出版;(reject的现在分词)
in favor of Bela Bartok's "Bluebeard's Castle." 而是选了巴托克的《 蓝胡子城堡》。
Bela:n.印度枸桔;河中沙洲或小岛;
I love Bartok's music, as did Mr. Teszler, and he had virtually every recording of Bartok's music ever issued . 我和他都喜欢巴托克的音乐。 他几乎收藏了巴托克所有的专辑。
issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式)
And it was at his house that I heard for the first time 就是在他家我第一次听到
Bartok's Third Piano Concerto , and learned from 巴托克的第三钢琴协奏曲,并且从特兹勒先生得知
Concerto:n.协奏曲;
Mr. Teszler that it had been composed in nearby Asheville, North Carolina, in the last year of the composer's life. 它是巴托克在生命的最后几年 在北卡罗来纳州的阿什维尔附近谱写的。
composed:adj.由…组成的; v.组成; (compose的过去分词和过去式) nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近;
He was dying of leukemia and he knew it, and he dedicated this concerto to his wife, 当时他患了白血病,得知自己的时日不多, 他谱写这首曲子献给他的妻子蒂塔,
leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病; dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
Dita , who was herself a concert pianist. 她自己也是一名钢琴演奏家。
Dita:abbr.达尔文信息分类体系结构(DarwinInformationTypingArchitecture);
And into the slow, second movement, marked " adagio religioso," 在柔缓的第二乐章 adagio religioso 中
adagio:n.柔板;慢板乐章;adj.缓慢的;adv.缓慢地;
he incorporated the sounds of birdsong that he heard outside his window in what he knew would be his last spring. 他在曲子中融入了窗外小鸟的叫声, 那时他知道这将使他人生最后的一个春天了。
incorporated:adj.合并的; v.合并; birdsong:n.鸟鸣声;
He was imagining a future for her in which he would play no part. 他想象着妻子没有他的未来的生活。
And clearly, clearly this composition is his final statement to to her -- it was first performed after his death -- and through her to the world. 而这首曲子将是他对妻子的最后一次告白-- 他死后曲子才弹奏出来-- 通过她传给了世界。
composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; performed:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好)(perform的过去分词和过去式)
And just as clearly, it is saying, "It's okay. It was all so beautiful. 曲子仿佛在诉说着,“情况没你想的那么糟,世界多么美好的。
Whenever you hear this, I will be there." 每次你听到这首曲子的时候,我都在你的身边。”
It was only after Mr. Teszler's death that I learned that the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok in Hartsdale, New York was paid for by Sandor Teszler. "Yo napot, Bela!" 特兹勒先生死后我才得知 巴托克·贝拉在纽约,哈茨戴尔镇的墓碑 是他捐助的。 Yo napot, Bela!
marker:n.记分员;书签;标识物;作记号的人; grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记;
Not long before Mr. Teszler’s own death at the age of 97, he heard me hold forth on human iniquity . 在特兹勒先生97年生命结束之前, 他听说我认为人的本性的邪恶的。
hold forth on:滔滔不绝的讲述; iniquity:n.邪恶;不公正;
I delivered a lecture in which I described history as on the whole a tidal wave of human suffering and brutality, and Mr. Teszler came up to me afterwards with gentle reproach and said, "You know, Doctor, human beings are fundamentally good." 在一次演讲中,我把历史描绘成 人类受难和残暴的 然后特兹勒先生用温和却又责备的语气对我说, “你知道吗 ,博士,人的本性都是善良的。”
lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫 described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) on the whole:基本上,大体上;就全体而论; tidal:adj.潮汐的;潮的,有关潮水的;定时涨落的; reproach:n.责备;耻辱;vt.责备;申斥; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
And I made a vow to myself, then and there, that if this man who had such cause to think otherwise had reached that conclusion , 从此以后,我常不时的暗示自己, 如果这个人有什么理由 支持他的结论的话,
vow:n.发誓;誓言;许愿;v.发誓;郑重宣告;vi.发誓;郑重宣告; conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
I would not presume to differ until he released me from my vow. 除非他说我的结论是错的,否则我是不会改变的。
presume:v.假定;推测;擅自;意味着; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式)
And now he's dead, so I'm stuck with my vow. 现在他过世了,而我就只能坚持我的言论了。
'"Yo napot, Sandor!" Yo napot, Sandor!
I thought my skein of Hungarian mentors had come to an end , but almost immediately I met Francis Robicsek, a Hungarian doctor -- actually a heart surgeon in Charlotte , North Carolina, then in his late seventies -- who had been a pioneer in open-heart surgery , 我原以为我与匈牙利导师的神奇缘分就此结束了, 几乎在同时我遇到了弗朗西斯.罗宾斯克,一位匈牙利医生-- 一位北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的心脏外科医生,他已将近80高龄-- 胸外科手术领域的带头人,
skein:n.一束(线);一群;一连串; mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数); come to an end:v.结束; surgeon:n.外科医生; Charlotte:n.法国水果奶油布丁;夏洛特; open-heart surgery:n.体外循环心脏手术;心脏直视手术;开心术;
and, tinkering away in his garage behind his house, had invented many of the devices that are standard parts of those procedures . 我见到他时他正在房子后面的车库里修修补补, 发明了很多装置,一些用于驱动上的标准件。
tinkering:v.(尤指不起作用地)小修补,小修理;(tinker的现在分词) garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数);
He's also a prodigious art collector, beginning as an intern in Budapest by collecting 16th- and 17th-century Dutch art and Hungarian painting, and when he came to this country, moving on to Spanish colonial art, 在布达佩斯的时候还只是个实习生, 专门收集16到17世纪荷兰的艺术品和匈牙利的油画, 他到美国后开始收集西班牙殖民时期的艺术品,
prodigious:adj.惊人的,异常的,奇妙的;巨大的; intern:n.实习医生; v.(战争期间或由于政治原因未经审讯)拘留; Dutch:adj.荷兰的; n.荷兰人; v.费用平摊地; colonial:n.殖民地居民;adj.殖民地的,殖民的;
Russian icons and finally , Mayan ceramics . 俄国的硬币,马雅的陶瓷。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; ceramics:n.制陶术,制陶业(ceramic的复数);
He's the author of seven books, six of them on Mayan ceramics. 他一共写了7本书,其中有6本都是有关玛雅陶瓷的。
It was he who broke the Mayan codex , enabling scholars to relate the pictographs on Mayan ceramics to the hieroglyphs of the Mayan script . 是他破译了玛雅人的法规,使得学者们能够 将玛雅制陶术中的象形文字和玛雅人的手写文字联系在一起。
codex:n.法典;古抄本;药典; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); scholars:n.学者们(scholar的复数); pictographs:n.[语]象形文字(pictograph的复数形式);象形字; hieroglyphs:象形文字(hieroglyph的名词复数); script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本;
On the occasion of my first visit, we toured his house and we saw hundreds of works of museum quality, and then we paused in front of a closed door and Dr. Robicsek said, with obvious pride, "Now for the piece de resistance ." 我第一次拜访他家的时候, 他就先带领我参观了成百上千堪称博物馆级别的艺术品, 我们在一扇门前停住了,罗宾斯克先生无不骄傲地说, “现在我们来看看压轴之作吧。”
On the occasion of:值此…之际; obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力;
And he opened the door, and we walked into a windowless 20 by 20-foot room with shelves from floor to ceiling and, crammed on every shelf, his collection of Mayan ceramics. 他把门打开,在我们面前的是一个 没有窗户的20*20英尺大小的房子, 高到天花板的陈列柜里塞满了玛雅陶瓷。
windowless:adj.没有窗的; crammed:adj.塞满的;挤满的;v.把…塞进;挤满;塞满;(cram的过去分词和过去式)
Now, I know absolutely nothing about Mayan ceramics, but I wanted to be as ingratiating as possible. So I said, "But Dr. Robicsek, this is absolutely dazzling ." 当时我对这方面还一无所知, 但为了讨他欢心我还是说, “先生,这简直太神奇了！”
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; ingratiating:adj.竭力讨好的;巴结的;v.讨好;迎合;巴结;(ingratiate的现在分词) dazzling:adj.耀眼的; v.(强光等)使目眩; (dazzle的现在分词)
'"Yes," he said. "That is what the Louvre said. “是的,”他继续说道“卢浮宫的专家也这么说呢,
Louvre:n.(法)罗浮宫(等于louver);
They would not leave me alone until I let them have a piece, but it was not a good one." 他们一直缠着我直到我送了他们一件, 当然我不会送很好的。”
leave me alone:走开;别理我;别管我;
Well, it occurred to me that I should invite Dr. Robicsek to lecture at Wofford College on -- what else? 我想我应该邀请罗宾斯克先生 到伍夫德学院做一个演讲,有关--什么呢？
occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式)
- Leonardo da Vinci. And further, I should invite him to meet my oldest trustee , who had majored in French history at Yale some 70-odd years before, and, at 89, still ruled the world's largest privately owned textile empire with an iron hand. -列奥纳多·达芬奇。甚至,我想把他介绍给我 最要好得朋友,十来岁的时候就在耶鲁大学主攻法国历史专业, 89岁时还是长官世界上最大的私人纺织企业 的巨头。
trustee:n.受托人;托管人;vt.移交(财产或管理权)给受托人; privately:adv.私下地;秘密地;
His name is Roger Milliken. And Mr. Milliken agreed, and Dr. Robicsek agreed. And Dr. Robicsek visited and delivered the lecture, and it was a dazzling success. 他就是罗杰 麦利肯。麦利肯先生和 罗宾斯克先生都同意见面了。 罗宾斯克先生的精彩的演讲结束后,
Roger:n.罗杰;[男名]男子名;int.明白;v.与某人性交;
And afterwards we convened at the President's House with Dr. Robicsek on one hand , Mr. Milliken on the other. 我们三人就在校长办公室 汇合了。
convened:v.召集;集合;召唤;(convene的过去式和过去分词) on one hand:一方面;
And it was only at that moment, as we were sitting down to dinner, that I recognized the enormity of the risk I had created. 我们坐下来开始用餐的时候, 我才意识到我在做一个多么冒险的事情。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) enormity:n.巨大;暴行;极恶;
Because to bring these two titans , these two masters of the universe together was like introducing Mothra to Godzilla over the skyline of Tokyo. 因为我把两大世界巨头带到一起, 好比把哥吉拉和摩斯拉都带到东京。
titans:n.泰坦巨神;(美)大力神Ⅱ型洲际导弹(Titan的复数); Godzilla:n.哥斯拉(动画片名称); skyline:n.地平线;空中轮廓线;架空索;vt.天空映衬出…的轮廓;
If they didn't like each other, we could all get trampled to death. 如果他们合不来的话,我必死无疑。
trampled:v.踩伤;践踏;摧残(人权、心灵等);(trample的过去分词和过去式)
But they did. They did like each other. 但是他们没有,他们互相喜欢。
They got along famously -- until the very end of the meal, and then they got into a furious argument. 他们都相处地非常好,--直到快要用餐时, 他们激烈的争论起来。
famously:adv.著名地;极好地; furious:adj.激烈的;狂怒的;热烈兴奋的;喧闹的;
And what they were arguing about was this: whether the second Harry Potter movie was as good as the first. 而他们争论的内容是: 第二部哈利波特电影有没有第一部好看。
Mr. Milliken said it was not. Dr. Robicsek disagreed . 麦利肯先生说没有,罗宾斯克先生不同意。
disagreed:v.不同意;有分歧;不符;不一致;(disagree的过去分词和过去式)
I was still trying to take in the notion that these titans, these masters of the universe, in their spare time watch Harry Potter movies, when Mr. Milliken thought he would win the argument by saying, "You just think it's so good because you didn't read the book." 我还在纳闷 这两个世界巨头在空闲时间就是看哈利波特系列电影的吗, 这时,麦利肯先生胜券在握的说道, “你觉得第二部不错,是因为你没有看原著吧。”
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件;
And Dr. Robicsek reeled back in his chair, but quickly gathered his wits , leaned forward and said, "Well, that is true, but I'll bet you went to the movie with a grandchild." "Well, yes, I did," conceded Mr. Milliken. 但很快恢复了斗智, 往前倾了倾说,“我得确没读过,但是我敢打赌, 你是和孙子一起去看电影的吧。”“对,是的。”麦利肯先生勉强承认道。
reeled:卷筒; wits:n.智慧;头脑;智力;机智幽默的人;理解力;(wit的复数) bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; conceded:vt.承认;退让;给予,容许;vi.让步;
'"Aha!" said Dr. Robicsek. "I went to the movie all by myself." “哈！”罗宾斯克先生得意地说“我可是一个人去看的。”
And I realized, in this moment of revelation , that what these two men were revealing was the secret of their extraordinary success, each in his own right. 真相被揭露后我才意识到, 他们揭露的其实是 他们取得非凡成就的秘密。
revelation:n.披露; adj.暴露的; revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词) extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
And it lay precisely in that insatiable curiosity , that irrepressible desire to know -- no matter what the subject, no matter what the cost, even at a time when the keepers of the Doomsday Clock 那就是他们永不满足的好奇心、 难以揭制的求知欲--对任何事物, 无论要付出什么, 世界末日钟的看守者大概在93年前就
insatiable:adj.贪得无厌的;不知足的; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; irrepressible:adj.抑制不住的;压服不了的; no matter what:不管什么…; Doomsday:n.世界末日;最后的审判日;
are willing to bet even money that the human race won't be around to imagine anything in the year 2100, a scant 93 years from now. 人们不可能预知 2100年的世界是个什么样子。
even money:n.同额赌注;均等的输赢机会; human race:n.人类; scant:adj.不足的;缺乏的;勉强够的;vt.减少;节省;限制;
'"Live each day as if it is your last," said Mahatma Ghandi. 圣雄甘地说,“要活就要像明天你就会死去一般活着,”
'"Learn as if you'll live forever." “要学习就要好像你会永远活着一般学习。”
This is what I'm passionate about. It is precisely this. 这就是我的热情之所在。
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
It is this inextinguishable , undaunted appetite for learning and experience, no matter how risible , no matter how esoteric , no matter how seditious it might seem. 一种对知识和经验的坚定的无畏的渴望, 无论多么滑稽,无论多么专业, 无论看上去多么有煽动性。
inextinguishable:adj.压不住的;不能消灭的; undaunted:adj.勇敢的,无畏的; appetite:n.食欲;嗜好; risible:adj.可笑的;爱笑的;引人笑的; esoteric:adj.秘传的;限于圈内人的;难懂的; seditious:adj.煽动性的;扰乱治安的;参与煽动的;
This defines the imagined futures of our fellow Hungarians, 这决定了匈牙利人想象中的未来。
defines:v.阐明;明确;界定;画出…的线条;描出…的外形(define的第三人称单数)
Robicsek and Teszler and Bartok, as it does my own. 罗宾斯克先生,特兹勒先生,巴托克先生和我都是这样的。
As it does, I suspect , that of everybody here. 我想在座的各位都是这样的。
suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的;
To which I need only add, "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves." 我只想说 Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves.
This is our task. We know it will be hard. 这就是我们的任务,虽然非常艰巨。
'"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves." Yo napot, pacak! Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves. Yo napot, pacak!