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BarbaraNattersonHorowitz_2014P-_医生不了解的兽医知识_
Ten years ago, 十年前,
I got a phone call that changed my life. 一个电话改变了我的一生。
At the time, I was cardiologist at UCLA, specializing in cardiac imaging techniques . 那时,我是加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的心脏病学家, 专攻心脏成像技术。
cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师; specializing:n.专攻;v.使专门化(specialize的现在分词); cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式) techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
The call came from a veterinarian at the Los Angeles Zoo. 电话来自洛杉矶动物园的兽医。
veterinarian:n.[兽医]兽医;
An elderly female chimpanzee had woken up with a facial droop and the veterinarians were worried that she'd had a stroke . 一只高龄雌性黑猩猩 睡醒后面部下垂, 兽医担心她得了中风。
elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; chimpanzee:n.[脊椎]黑猩猩; facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; droop:vi.下垂;萎靡;凋萎;vt.使…下垂;n.下垂;消沉; veterinarians:n.[兽医]兽医(veterinarian的复数); stroke:n.中风;笔画;钟声;抚摩;v.抚摩(动物的毛皮);轻抚;轻挪;轻触;
They asked if I'd come to the zoo and image the animal's heart to look for a possible cardiac cause. 他们问我能不能来动物园 给黑猩猩的心脏成像, 寻找可能的心脏病因。
Now, to be clear, North American zoos are staffed by highly qualified , board-certified veterinarians who take outstanding care of their animal patients . 要明确的是,北美的动物园都有 高水平的经过认证的兽医, 他们极为出色地照料着他们的动物患者。
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式) board-certified:通过职业验证的; outstanding:adj.优秀的;杰出的;出色的;v.突出;离港;向海上;停留(outstand的现在分词) patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
But occasionally , they do reach into the human medical community , particularly for some speciality consultation , and I was one of the lucky physicians who was invited in to help. 但偶尔,他们会求助人类医疗社区, 尤其是涉及专科问诊时, 而我就是被邀请帮忙的幸运者之一。
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; speciality:n.专业,专长;特性; consultation:n.咨询;磋商;[临床]会诊;讨论会; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数);
I had a chance to rule out a stroke in this chimpanzee and make sure that this gorilla didn't have a torn aorta , evaluate this macaw for a heart murmur , 我曾经有机会为这个黑猩猩排除中风可能, 为这个大猩猩排除主动脉撕裂的可能, 给这个金刚鹦鹉听心脏杂音,
gorilla:大猩猩 aorta:n.[解剖]主动脉; evaluate:v.评价;评估;估计; macaw:n.[鸟]金刚鹦鹉;美国棕榈; murmur:n.低语; vi.低声说; vt.低声说;
make sure that this California sea lion's paricardium wasn't inflamed , and in this picture, I'm listening to the heart of a lion after a lifesaving , collaborative procedure with veterinarians and physicians where we drained 700 cc's of fluid from the sac in which this lion's heart was contained. 确认这只加州海狮的心包没有发炎, 还有,在这张照片中,我在给一头狮子做心脏听音, 这是在兽医和医生的一起 关乎性命的合作行动之后, 我们从包裹这只狮子心脏的囊袋中 引流出700cc的液体。
inflamed:adj.发炎的;红肿的;v.使发炎(inflame的过去分词);使燃烧;使火红;激起; lifesaving:adj.救命的;救生用的;n.救生; collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的; procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序; drained:adj.精疲力竭; v.排空; (drain的过去分词和过去式) fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; sac:n.[生物]囊;液囊;
And this procedure, which I have done on many human patients, was identical , with the exception of that paw and that tail. 还有这个操作,我在很多人类病患上进行过, 步骤是一样的,区别只是这里的爪子和尾巴。
identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; with the exception of:除了…以外; paw:v.抓;猥亵地乱摸;动手动脚;动手挑逗;n.(动物的)爪;(人的)手;
Now most of the time, I was working at UCLA Medical Center with physicians, discussing symptoms and diagnoses and treatments for my human patients, but some of the time, I was working at the Los Angeles Zoo 大多数时候,我都是在UCLA医学中心与医生们工作, 探讨症状,诊断,和治疗方案, 对象是我的人类患者们, 但偶尔,我也在洛杉矶动物园
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) diagnoses:n.诊断;调查分析;评价(diagnosis的复数形式); treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数)
with veterinarians, discussing symptoms and diagnoses and treatments for their animal patients. 和兽医们合作,探讨症状,诊断,和治疗方案, 对象是他们的动物病患。
And occasionally, on the very same day, 少数情况下,在同一天里,
I went on rounds at UCLA Medical Center and at the Los Angeles Zoo. 我又要在UCLA医学中心工作, 还要去洛杉矶动物园工作。
And here's what started coming into very clear focus for me. 我开始逐渐清醒地认识到这一点。
Physicians and veterinarians were essentially taking care of the same disorders in their animal and human patients: congestive heart failure , brain tumors , 医生和兽医其实是在处理 人类病患和动物病患中的同样问题: 充血性心力衰竭,脑瘤,
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; disorders:n.无秩序,混乱; v.[电子]扰乱(disorder的单三形式); congestive:adj.充血的,充血性的; heart failure:n.心力衰竭; tumors:n.肿瘤(tumor的复数);
leukemia , diabetes , arthritis , ALS, breast cancer , even psychiatric syndromes like depression , anxiety , compulsions , eating disorders and self-injury. 白血病,糖尿病,关节炎,“渐冻人症”医学名为肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS),乳腺癌, 甚至还包括精神疾病,例如抑郁症,焦虑症, 强迫症,进食障碍,自虐等。
leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症; arthritis:n.[外科]关节炎; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; psychiatric:adj.精神病学的;精神病治疗的; syndromes:n.综合症(syndrome的复数); depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; compulsions:n.强迫;强制;强烈欲望,冲动;(compulsion的复数)
Now, I've got a confession to make. 在这里,我要坦白。
confession:n.忏悔,告解;供认;
Even though I studied comparative physiology and evolutionary biology as an undergrad -- 尽管我学过比较生理学和进化生物学, 那是我读大学的时候 —
comparative:adj.比较的;相当的;n.比较级;对手; physiology:n.生理学;生理机能; evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; undergrad:n.大学肄业生;adj.大学生的(等于undergraduate);
I had even written my senior thesis on Darwinian theory -- learning about the significant overlap between the disorders of animals and humans, it came as a much needed wake-up call for me. 我的毕业论文甚至都是关于达尔文理论的 — 动物疾病和人类疾病 存在明显重叠的这一认知, 为我及时敲响了警钟。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; thesis:n.论文;论点; Darwinian:adj.达尔文的;达尔文学说的;n.进化论者; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; overlap:n.重叠;重复;v.部分重叠;与…同时发生; wake-up call:叫醒电话;叫醒服务;警钟;唤醒服务;
So I started wondering, with all of these overlaps , how was it that I had never thought to ask a veterinarian, or consult the veterinary literature , for insights into one of my human patients? 我开始想,有这么多重叠, 我为什么从来没有想过请教兽医, 或者是参考兽医学文献, 来为我的人类病患提供见解？
overlaps:n.重叠部分(overlap的复数形式);v.重叠;重复(overlap的第三人称单数); veterinary:adj.兽医的;n.兽医(等于veterinarian); literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
Why had I never, nor had any of my physician friends and colleagues whom I asked, ever attended a veterinary conference ? 为什么我从未,而我问过的医生同事们也从未, 参加过兽医学会议？
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
For that matter, why was any of this a surprise? 就这点而言,有什么可让人奇怪的？
I mean, look, every single physician accepts some biological connection between animals and humans. 你看,每一名医生都同意动物和人类间 存在某种生物学上的联系。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
Every medication that we prescribe or that we've taken ourselves or we've given to our families has first been tested on an animal. 我们开过的每一种药,以及我们自己服过的药, 以及我们给我们家人的药, 都是先在动物身上进行试验的。
medication:n.药;药物; prescribe:v.给…开(药);让…采用(疗法);开(处方);命令;
But there's something very different about giving an animal a medication or a human disease and the animal developing congestive heart failure or diabetes or breast cancer on their own. 但的确动物被动人为病变,与动物自身病变之间存在有很大的差异 给动物用一种药物,或使其患上一种人类疾病 是一回事, 而动物们患自己特有的充血性心力衰竭, 糖尿病,乳腺癌病是另一回事。
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
Now, maybe some of the surprise comes from the increasing separation in our world between the urban and the nonurban. 对此感到奇怪的部分原因, 可能是我们社会中城镇与非城镇之间 逐渐扩大的隔阂。
separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
You know, we hear about these city kids who think that wool grows on trees or that cheese comes from a plant. 我们常听说城里长大的孩子 以为羊毛长在树上, 或者奶酪来自植物。
wool:n.毛;毛线;毛料;毛织物;
Well, today's human hospitals, increasingly , are turning into these gleaming cathedrals of technology . 是的,今天人类的医院, 正在变为某种闪耀金光的科学殿堂。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; gleaming:adj.闪耀的;明亮的;v.发微光;隐约闪光;闪烁;(gleam的现在分词) cathedrals:教堂; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
And this creates a psychological distance between the human patients who are being treated there and animal patients who are living in oceans and farms and jungles. 这就使得在医院里治疗的 人类病患 和生活在海洋,农场,和丛林中的 动物病患之间在认知上出现了距离。
psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
But I think there's an even deeper reason. 但我觉得还有更深的原因。
Physicians and scientists, we accept intellectually that our species , 对于医生和科学家而言,我们理智上承认我们这个物种,
intellectually:adv.智力上;理智地;知性上; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Homo sapiens , is merely one species, no more unique or special than any other. 智人(人类),仅仅是物种之一, 并不比其他物种更独特。
Homo sapiens:n.智人(现代人类); merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
But in our hearts, we don't completely believe that. 但在情感上,我们不完全这么想。
I feel it myself when I'm listening to Mozart or looking at pictures of the Mars Rover on my MacBook. 当我听莫扎特,或是当我在MacBook上 看火星探测车传回的照片时,
Mars:n.火星 Rover:n.漫游者; n.(Rover)人名; n.罗孚(汽车品牌);
I feel that tug of human exceptionalism , even as I recognize the scientifically isolating cost of seeing ourselves as a superior species, apart. 我就能感觉到一股人类特殊论, 尽管我明白把人类看做与众不同的高等物种, 在科学上会有多么大的代价。
tug:n.拖船;拖曳;苦干;vi.用力拉;竞争;努力做;vt.用力拉;较量;用拖船拖; exceptionalism:n.例外论;例外主义; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; scientifically:adv.系统地;合乎科学地;学问上; isolating:adj.孤立的;绝缘的;v.使隔离;使绝缘(isolate的ing形式); superior:n.上级;上司;adj.(在品质上)更好的;占优势的;更胜一筹的;
Well, I'm trying these days. 如今,我正在努力。
When I see a human patient now, I always ask, what do the animal doctors know about this problem that I don't know? 如今,当我看到人类病患时,我总是自问, 对这一情况,兽医会不会掌握我不了解的知识。
And, might I be taking better care of my human patient if I saw them as a human animal patient? 以及,如果我把他们(病人)视为“人类动物”病患, 我是不是能更好地医治他们？
Here are a few examples of the kind of exciting connections that this kind of thinking has led me to. 以下几个例子,是这类思考给我带来的 奇妙的认识。
Fear-induced heart failure. 恐惧引起的心力衰竭。
Around the year 2000, human cardiologists "discovered" emotionally induced heart failure. 在2000年左右, 人类心脏病专家“发现”了情绪诱导的心力衰竭。
cardiologists:心脏病专家; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; induced:adj.感应的;诱发型;v.引诱;说服(induce的过去分词);
It was described in a gambling father who had lost his life's savings with a roll of the dice , in a bride who'd been left at the alter . 该情况出现于一位好赌的父亲因为掷骰子赌博 失去了一生的积蓄之后, 以及一位新娘被遗弃在教堂门口之后。
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) gambling:n.赌博;投机;v.赌博;打赌;(gamble的现在分词) savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数) dice:n.骰子;色子;掷骰游戏;掷骰赌博;v.将(肉、菜等)切成小方块;将…切成丁; bride:n.新娘; alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身);
But it turns out, this "new" human diagnosis was neither new, nor was it uniquely human. 但后来发现,这一“新”的人类疾病 既不新,也不是人类的特权。
diagnosis:n.诊断; uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地;
Veterinarians had been diagnosing , treating and even preventing emotionally induced symptoms in animals ranging from monkeys to flamingos , from to deer to rabbits, since the 1970s. 兽医们诊断,治疗,甚至预防 动物中情绪引发的症状, 对象包括猴子,火烈鸟,鹿,兔子在内, 从20世纪70年代就已经开始了。
diagnosing:n.诊断;v.诊断(diagnose的现在分词); treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) flamingos:n.火烈鸟;火鹤(flamingo的复数);
How many human lives might have been saved if this veterinary knowledge had been put into the hands of E.R. docs and cardiologists? 会有多少人的生命获得拯救, 如果这一兽医知识能传授给 急救室大夫和心脏病学家？
docs:n.说明文件;文献;
Self-injury. 还有自虐。
Some human patients harm themselves. 一些人类病人会伤害自己。
Some pluck out patches of hair, others actually cut themselves. 有的拔下一把把的毛发, 有的甚至会割伤自己。
pluck:n.勇气;内脏;快而猛的拉;vt.摘;拔;扯;vi.拉;拽;扯; patches:n.斑点;小块;补丁;眼罩;v.打补丁;缝补;修补;(patch的第三人称单数和复数)
Some animal patients also harm themselves. 一些动物患者也会自我伤害。
There are birds that pluck out feathers. 有的鸟会拔掉自己的羽毛,
There are stallions that repetitively bite their flanks until they bleed . 有的马会不停地咬自己的侧腹,直到流血。
stallions:[畜牧]种马; repetitively:adv.重复地; flanks:n.两翼(flank的复数);拱侧翼;石侧面;v.侧面攻击(flank的单三形式); bleed:v.流血;失血;放掉;散开;n.[印]出血版
But veterinarians have very specific and very effective ways of treating and even preventing self-injury in their self-injuring animals. 但兽医有很具体和有效的方法 来治疗甚至预防自我伤害, 针对的是自我伤害的动物们。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
Shouldn't this veterinary knowledge be put into the hands of psychotherapists and parents and patients struggling with self-injury? 这些兽医的知识难道不应该传授给 心理医生,家长, 和受自我伤害困扰的患者们？
psychotherapists:采用精神治疗法的医生(psychotherapist的名词复数);
Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. 还有产后抑郁症和产后精神病。
Postpartum:adj.产后的;adv.在产后;
Sometimes, soon after giving birth, some women become depressed , and sometimes they become seriously depressed and even psychotic. 有时候,在生产后不久, 一些女性会变得抑郁, 有时甚至严重抑郁,甚至患精神病。
depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
They may neglect their newborn , and in some extreme cases, even harm the child. 她们会忽视自己的婴儿, 在某些极端的病例中, 甚至会伤害孩子。
neglect:v.忽视;忽略;疏忽;疏于照顾;n.忽视;忽略;未被重视; newborn:adj.新生的;再生的;n.婴儿; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
Equine veterinarians also know that occasionally, a mare , soon after giving birth, will neglect the foal , refusing to nurse, and in some instances , kick the foal , even to death. 马科兽医也知道偶尔地, 母马在生产之后, 会忽视马驹,拒绝抚养, 而在某些情况下,甚至会去踢马驹,致其死亡。
Equine:adj.马的;象马的;n.马; mare:n.母马;母驴;月球表面阴暗部; foal:n.驹(尤指一岁以下的马,驴,骡);vi.(马等)生仔;vt.(马等)生仔; instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式);
But veterinarians have devised an intervention to deal with this foal rejection syndrome that involves increasing oxytocin in the mare. 但是兽医们发明了一种干预疗法 来处理这种拒绝抚养马驹的症状, 那就是提高母马的催产素水平。
devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; rejection:n.抛弃;拒绝;被抛弃的东西;盖帽; involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) oxytocin:n.[药]催产素;缩宫素;脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种;
Oxytocin is the bonding hormone , and this leads to renewed interest, on the part of the mare, in her foal. 催产素是一种促进结合的荷尔蒙, 这能使母马对马驹重新 产生兴趣。
hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙; renewed:adj.再次发生的; v.重新开始; (renew的过去分词和过去式) on the part of:就...而言;由...所作出的;在...一边;由...所表现出的;
Shouldn't this information be put into the hands of ob/gyn's and family doctors and patients who are struggling with postpartum depression and psychosis? 难道这一信息 不应传授给产科和妇科医生,传授给 正受产后抑郁症和精神病困扰的 患者们和家庭医生？
Well, despite all of this promise, unfortunately the gulf between our fields remains large. 可是,即便有这么多好处, 我们两个学科之间的鸿沟依旧不幸存在。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; unfortunately:adv.不幸地; gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没;
To explain it, I'm afraid I'm going to have to air some dirty laundry . 要解释这个现象,我可能要揭示一些黑暗面。
laundry:n.洗衣店,洗衣房;要洗的衣服;洗熨;洗好的衣服;
Some physicians can be real snobs about doctors who are not M.D.'s. 一些医生真的是瞧不起 没有医学博士文凭的医生。
snobs:n.势利小人;谄上欺下的人;自命高雅的人;(snob的复数)
I'm talking about dentists and optometrists and psychologists , but maybe especially animal doctors. 我是指牙医,眼科验光师,和心理学家, 但特别也指动物医生。
optometrists:n.验光配镜师;(optometrist的复数) psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Of course, most physicians don't realize that it is harder to get into vet school these days than medical school, and that when we go to medical school, we learn everything there is to know about one species, Homo sapiens, 当然,绝大多医生不知道如今 上兽医学校比上医学院还难。 我们读医学院的话, 我们要学习所有能学的知识, 只针对一种生物,智人,
but veterinarians need to learn about health and disease in mammals , amphibians , reptiles , fish and birds. 但兽医需要学习的卫生和疾病, 对象是哺乳动物,两栖动物,鱼类,和鸟类。
mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数) amphibians:n.两栖动物;[古生]两栖类; reptiles:n.爬行动物(reptile的复数);[脊椎]爬行类;爬虫类;
So I don't blame the vets for feeling annoyed by my profession's condescension and ignorance . 所以我不责怪兽医厌恶 我这一职业的高傲和无知。
vets:abbr.退伍军人(veteransadjustmentscale); annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式) condescension:n.谦虚;屈尊;傲慢态度;纡尊降贵[表不满]; ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂;
But here's one from the vets: 这有一句兽医的话:
What do you call a veterinarian who can only take care of one species? 只可以治疗一种物种 的兽医是什么？
A physician. (Laughter) 医生。（笑声）
Closing the gap has become a passion for me, and I'm doing this through programs like Darwin on Rounds at UCLA, where we're bringing animal experts and evolutionary biologists and embedding them on our medical teams with our interns and our residents . 缩小鸿沟是我的愿望, 我正在通过例如UCLA的Darwin on Rounds(达尔文医疗查房)项目 来做到这点。 该项目中,我们将动物专家和进化生物学家 安排到我们的医疗团队中, 连同我们的实习生和住院医生一起工作。
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); embedding:v.把…牢牢地嵌入(或插入、埋入); (embed的现在分词) interns:n.实习生(intern的复数);同住者;v.做实习生;扣留;软禁(intern的三单形式); residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
And through Zoobiquity conferences , where we bring medical schools together with veterinary schools for collabortive discussions of the shared diseases and disorders of animal and human patients. 还有,通过跨物种共病(Zoobiquity)会议, 我们让医学院和兽医学校 一起参加合作性讨论, 讨论动物病患和人类病患 共通的疾病和失调。
conferences:n.会议(conference的复数形式); diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
At Zoobiquity conferences, participants learn how treating breast cancer in a tiger can help us better treat breast cancer in a kindergarten teacher; how understanding polycystic overies in a Holstein cow can help us better take care of a dance instructor with painful periods; 在跨物种共病(Zoobiquity)会议上, 参会者们了解了为老虎治疗乳腺癌 能如何帮助我们更好地治疗 幼儿园教师的乳腺癌; 了解了明白荷斯坦牛的多囊卵巢综合征 能如何让我们更好的照顾 痛经的舞蹈老师;
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); kindergarten:n.幼儿园; polycystic:adj.[医]多囊的; instructor:n.指导书;教员;指导者; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
and how better understanding the treatment of separation anxiety in a high-strung Sheltie can help an anxious young child struggling with his first days of school. 以及了解了治疗敏感不安的喜乐蒂牧羊犬 的分离焦虑 能如何让我们更好地帮助第一天上学感到焦虑的儿童。
high-strung:adj.高度紧张的;敏感的;容易兴奋的;
In the United States and now internationally , at Zoobiquity conferences physicians and veterinarians check their attitudes and their preconceptions at the door and come together as colleagues, as peers , as doctors. 在美国以及现在在全世界,在跨物种共病(Zoobiquity)会议上 医生和兽医将彼此之间的态度和成见 抛在门外,团结成为同事, 同行,医疗工作者。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) internationally:adv.国际性地;在国际间; attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数); preconceptions:n.偏见(preconception的复数);先入之见;先前概念; peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式);
After all, we humans are animals, too, and it's time for us physicians to embrace our patients' and our own animal natures and join veterinarians in a species-spanning approach to health. 毕竟,我们人类也是动物, 是时候让我们医生坦承 我们患者和我们自己的动物本性, 加入兽医们一起 用跨物种的视角来看待医疗。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Because it turns out, some of the best and most humanistic medicine is being practiced by doctors whose patients aren't human. 因为事实是, 一些最好的最人性化的医药 是被医生用于不是人类的患者身上。
humanistic:adj.人文主义的;人道主义的;
And one of the best ways we can take care of the human patient is by paying close attention to how all the other patients on the planet live, grow, get sick and heal . 而我们照料人类病患的最好方式之一 就是要仔细关注 地球上所有其他病患如何 生活,生长,生病,以及痊愈。
heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause). （掌声）