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AyanaElizabethJohnson_2019U-_珊瑚礁危机的爱情故事_-
I want to tell you a love story. 我想和你们分享一个爱情故事。
But it doesn't have a happy ending. 但这个爱情故事没有快乐的结局。
Once upon a time , I was a stubborn five-year-old who decided to become a marine biologist . 从前,我曾是一个倔强的 五岁小女孩, 立志成为一名海洋生物学家。
Once upon a time:从前(常用于故事的开头) stubborn:adj.顽固的;顽强的;难处理的; marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; biologist:n.生物学家;
Thirty-four years, 400 scuba dives and one PhD later, 34 年、400 次潜水、 和 1 个博士学位后,
scuba:n.水肺;水中呼吸器; dives:n.富豪;
I'm still completely enamored with the ocean. 我仍旧深深地着迷于 浩瀚的海洋。
enamored:adj.迷恋的;倾心的;v.迷住,使迷恋(enamor的过去分词形式);
I spent a decade working with fishing communities in the Caribbean , counting fish, interviewing fishermen, redesigning fishing gear and developing policy . 我在加勒比海地区和当地的渔业 共事了十年时间, 我们计算鱼量、采访渔夫、 重新设计渔具、以及制定政策。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) Caribbean:adj.加勒比海的;加勒比人的;加勒比语的;n.加勒比海; interviewing:v.对(某人)进行面试;(媒体)采访,访问;(interview的现在分词) redesigning:v.重构;重设计(redesign的现在分词); gear:n.齿轮; v.适合; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
I've been helping to figure out what sustainable management can look like for places where food security, jobs and cultures all depend on the sea. 我一直在帮助那些 在食品安全、就业、文化方面, 都仰赖于海洋的地区 寻找可持续性的管理方式。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
In the midst of all this, I fell in love. 在探索的过程中, 我爱上了
midst:n.当中,中间;prep.在…中间(等于amidst);
With a fish. 一种鱼。
There are over 500 fish species that live on Caribbean reefs , but the ones I just can't get out of my head are parrotfish . 加勒比海珊瑚礁群地区 栖息着 500 多种鱼类, 唯独一种让我 情有独钟, 那就是鹦嘴鱼。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆; parrotfish:n.隆头鱼;鹦嘴鱼;
Parrotfish live on coral reefs all over the world, there are 100 species, they can grow well over a meter long and weigh over 20 kilograms, but that's the boring stuff . 鹦嘴鱼分布于 世界各地的珊瑚礁群里, 共 100 种不同品类, 能长到一米多长, 二十多公斤重, 但,这些都不重要。
coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的; boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词) stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
I want to tell you five incredible things about these fish. 我想和你们说说鹦嘴鱼拥有的 五个超凡绝伦、与众不同之处。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
First, they have a mouth like a parrot's beak , which is strong enough to bite coral, although mostly they're after algae . 首先,它们有着鹦鹉喙一般的嘴巴, 强劲的咬合力能嚼碎珊瑚, 但以吃藻类为主。
beak:n.[鸟]鸟嘴;鹰钩鼻子;地方执法官;男教师; algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻;
They are the lawn mowers of the reef. 它们可谓是珊瑚礁里的割草机。
lawn:n.草地;草坪; mowers:n.割草机;割草的人;
This is key, because many reefs are overgrown with algae due to nutrient pollution from sewage and fertilizer that runs off of land. 这就很妙了。因为地面上 的污水和肥料流入海中, 会导致水体的富营养化, 藻类的过量生长, 从而引起珊瑚礁的退化。
overgrown:adj.蔓生的;生长过快的;v.生长过度(overgrow的过去分词); nutrient:n.营养物;滋养物;adj.营养的;滋养的; sewage:n.污水;下水道;污物; fertilizer:n.[肥料]肥料;受精媒介物;促进发展者;
And there just aren't enough herbivores like parrotfish left out on the reefs to mow it all down. 像鹦嘴鱼这样能减少 藻类富集的食草动物 在珊瑚礁里 少之又少。
herbivores:n.[动]食草动物,植食动物;食草者(herbivore的复数形式);
OK, second amazing thing. 妙处之二:
After all that eating, they poop fine white sand. 食物消化后, 它们会拉出白色细沙样的粪便。
poop:n.船尾;傻子;内幕消息;v.使精疲力尽;使船尾受击;
A single parrotfish can produce over 380 kilograms of this pulverized coral each year. 一只鹦嘴鱼每年 能产出超过 380 公斤的 这种细碎珊瑚粒。
pulverized:adj.粉状的;成粉末的;v.压成细粉(pulverize的过去分词);
Sometimes, when scuba diving , 有时,我会在潜水的中途,
diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词)
I would look up from my clipboard and just see contrails of parrotfish poop raining down. 把目光从书写板上移开, 看见一束束鹦嘴鱼粪便 如雨丝般落下。
clipboard:n.剪贴板;附有纸夹的笔记板; contrails:n.凝结尾;航迹云;凝迹(飞机飞过留下的尾迹);
So next time you're lounging on a tropical white-sand beach, maybe think of parrotfish. 下次,当你享受热带雨林 洁白细腻的沙滩时, 也许要感谢鹦嘴鱼。
lounging:v.懒洋洋地站(或坐、躺)着;(lounge的现在分词) tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Third, they have so much style. 第三点,它们变幻多端,风采各异。
Mottled and striped , teal , magenta , yellow, orange, polka-dotted, parrotfish are a big part of what makes coral reefs so colorful. 斑点、条纹、青绿、桃红、 明黄、橙红、波点…… 鹦嘴鱼让珊瑚礁更加 美轮美奂、色彩纷呈。
Mottled:adj.斑驳的,杂色的;v.使成杂色(mottle的过去分词); striped:adj.有条纹的;有斑纹的;v.被剥去(strip的过去分词); teal:n.短颈野鸭,水鸭; magenta:n.品红;洋红;红色苯胺染料;adj.洋红色的;品红色的;
Plus, in true diva style, they have multiple wardrobe changes throughout their life. 此外,作为百变天后, 整个生命周期, 它们要换好几个行头。
diva:n.女主角;女歌唱家(尤指歌剧女主角); multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; wardrobe:n.衣柜;衣橱;(英国)放置衣物的壁橱;(一个人的)全部衣物; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
A juvenile outfit , an intermediate getup , and a terminal look. 从青涩纯真, 到明艳风情, 再到成熟韵味。
juvenile:adj.青少年的;幼稚的;n.青少年;少年读物; outfit:n.全套服装;团队;小组;分队;v.装备;配置设备;供给服装; intermediate:adj.中间的; v.起调解作用; n.中级学生; getup:n.服饰,式样;装订格式; terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的;
Fourth, with this last wardrobe change comes a sex change from female to male, termed sequential hermaphroditism . 第四点,伴随着最后一次变装, 鹦嘴鱼的性别也将由雌转雄, 专业术语为顺序性雌雄同体。
sex change:n.变性手术; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; sequential:adj.连续的;相继的;有顺序的; hermaphroditism:n.[动]雌雄同体性;
These large males then gather harems of females to spawn . 成熟雄鱼的身边聚集起 众多雌鱼,产下鱼卵。
harems:n.为一个雄性动物所控制的许多雌性动物; spawn:n.卵;菌丝;产物;vt.产卵;酿成,造成;大量生产;vi.产卵;大量生产;
Heterosexual monogamy is certainly not nature's status quo . 异性一夫一妻制 显然不是自然界的常态。
Heterosexual:adj.异性的;异性恋的;n.异性恋的人; monogamy:n.一夫一妻制;[动]单配偶,[动]单配性; status quo:n.现状;原来的状况;
And parrotfish exemplify some of the beauty of diverse reproductive strategies . 而鹦嘴鱼为这种 多样化的繁殖策略代言。
exemplify:v.是…的典型(或典范、榜样);举例说明;例证;例示; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的; strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
Fifth, and the most incredible, sometimes when parrotfish cozy up into a nook in the reef at night, they secrete a mucus bubble from a gland in their head that envelops their entire body. 第五点,也是最神奇的, 有时在夜里,鹦嘴鱼 围拢在礁石的一隅, 它们的头部腺体 分泌出的粘液形成了一个气泡, 包裹住整个鱼身。
cozy:n.保温罩;v.蒙骗;抚慰;adj.舒适的;安逸的; nook:n.角落;隐匿处;核武器;凹处; secrete:v.分泌;隐藏,藏匿(小物件); mucus:n.粘液;黏液; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情); gland:n.腺;密封压盖; envelops:n.信封(envelop的复数);包络线;v.裹住;围绕(envelop的三单形式);
This masks their scent from predators and protects them from parasites , so they can sleep soundly . 这样,捕食者们就闻不到 它们的气味, 还能隔绝寄生虫, 它们就在泡泡里睡大觉。
scent:n.香味;香水;气息;察觉;v.嗅出;闻到;觉察出;预感到; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数) parasites:n.[基医]寄生虫;[生物]寄生生物(parasite的复数); soundly:adv.健全地;完全地;稳健地;彻底地;牢固地;
I mean, how cool is this? 也太酷了吧！
(Laughter) （笑声）
So this is a confession of my love for parrotfish in all their flamboyant , algae-eating, sand-pooping, sex-changing glory. 这就是我对鹦嘴鱼 爱的表白, 为这条纷华靡丽、 酷爱藻类、 能拉出 白沙粪便的变性鱼。
confession:n.忏悔,告解;供认; flamboyant:adj.艳丽的;火焰似的;炫耀的;n.凤凰木;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But with this love comes heartache . 然而,爱之深,伤之切。
heartache:n.心痛;悲叹;
Now that groupers and snappers are woefully overfished , fishermen are targeting parrotfish. 随着石斑鱼和红鱼 被过度捕捞而数量骤减, 渔夫们把目光转向了鹦嘴鱼。
groupers:n.石斑鱼类(grouper的复数); snappers:n.啪啪响者;拍快照者(snapper的复数形式); woefully:adv.悲伤地;不幸地;使人痛苦地; overfished:vt.对…进行过度捕捞;
Spearfishing took out the large species, midnight blue and rainbow parrotfish are now exceedingly rare, and nets and traps are scooping up the smaller species. 以往常见的品种被人们 用鱼枪射杀,濒临灭绝, 紫鹦嘴鱼和虹彩鹦嘴鱼 几乎已经消失了踪迹, 渔夫们的网叉正扫荡着 更稀有的品种。
Spearfishing:鱼叉捕鱼; midnight blue:n.深蓝色; rainbow:n.彩虹 exceedingly:adv.非常;极其;极度地;极端; traps:n.陷阱,捕捉器; v.使落入险境; (trap的第三人称单数和复数)
As both a marine biologist and a single person, 作为一名单身的海洋生物学家,
I can tell you, there aren't that many fish in the sea. 我可以很负责任地告诉大家, 海里的鱼真的没那么多。 （英语俚语反用:并非天涯各处有芳草）
(Laughter) （笑声）
And then, there's my love for their home, the coral reef, which was once as vibrant as Caribbean cultures, as colorful as the architecture , and as bustling as carnival . 接下来我要说说 鹦嘴鱼赖以生存的家园, 珊瑚礁。 曾几何时,它们就如 加勒比海域的文化般生机蓬勃, 如建筑般缤纷, 如嘉年华般热闹。
vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; bustling:adj.熙熙攘攘的;忙乱的; carnival:n.狂欢节,嘉年华会;饮宴狂欢;
Because of climate change, on top of overfishing and pollution, coral reefs may be gone within 30 years. 然而由于气候变化、 过度捕捞、环境污染 诸多问题的侵扰, 珊瑚礁可能会在 未来 30 年内彻底消失。
overfishing:n.渔捞过度;vt.过度捕捞(overfish的现在分词);
An entire ecosystem erased . 整个生态系统将毁于一旦。
ecosystem:n.生态系统; erased:v.清除;消除;消灭;擦掉,抹掉(erase的过去分词和过去式)
This is devastating , because hundreds of millions of people around the world depend on reefs for their nutrition and income. 这种打击是毁灭性的, 因为全世界数以亿计的人口 靠珊瑚礁填饱肚子和谋生。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品;
Let that sink in. 大家认真想想。
A little bit of good news is that places like Belize , Barbuda and Borneo are protecting these VIPs -- 好消息是, 在伯利兹、巴布达、博内亚等地区, 人们已经采取了积极行动,
Belize:n.伯利兹城(拉丁美洲国家);
Very Important Parrotfish. 保护这至关重要的鹦嘴鱼。
Also, more and more places are establishing protected areas that protect the entire ecosystem. 同时,越来越多的地方 正在建立保护区, 保护整个生态系统。
establishing:v.建立;创立;设立;使稳固;(establish的现在分词)
These are critical efforts, but it's not enough. 这些努力意义非凡, 但还不够。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
As I stand here today, only 2.2 percent of the ocean is protected. 就拿现在来说吧, 全球受保护的海洋面积仅占 2.2%,
Meanwhile , 90 percent of the large fish, and 80 percent of the coral on Caribbean reefs, is already gone. 与此同时,加勒比珊瑚礁群区域的 90% 的大鱼和 80% 的珊瑚 已经消失了。
Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时;
We're in the midst of the sixth mass extinction . 我们正处在第六次生物大灭绝。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; extinction:n.绝种;
And we, humans, are causing it. 而我们人类, 就是始作俑者,
We also have the solutions. 我们也不是没有办法。
Reverse climate change and overfishing, protect half the ocean and stop pollution running from land. 对抗气候变化, 禁止过度捕捞, 保护海洋生态, 禁止地面污染流入海洋。
Reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的;
But these are massive undertakings requiring systemic changes, and we're really taking our sweet time getting around to it. 但这些长期而深远的行动 亟需系统性的改革, 而我们竟然还在 慢腾腾地浪费时间。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; undertakings:n.事业(undertaking的复数形式);担保,保证;承诺; systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的;
Each of us can contribute , though. 在座的每一个人, 都可以有所贡献——
contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
With our votes, our voices, our food choices, our skills and our dollars. 通过投票、呼吁、食物选择、 专业技能和捐款。
We must overhaul both corporate practices and government policies . 我们必须改革公司规范 和官方政策。
overhaul:vt.分解检查,大修;追上并超过;n.彻底检修,详细检查; corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
We must transform culture. 我们必须转变文化。
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
Building community around solutions is the most important thing. 建立以解决问题为核心的组织 是最重要的一环。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I am never going to give up working to protect and restore this magnificent planet. 我永远不会放弃 保护并重建我们美丽的地球。
restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原; magnificent:adj.高尚的;壮丽的;华丽的;宏伟的;
Every bit of habitat we preserve , every tenth of a degree of warming we prevent, really does matter. 我们所保护的每一寸土地, 所防止的每 0.1 度气温的上升, 都是努力的意义。
habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
Thankfully , I'm not motivated by hope, but rather a desire to be useful. 我庆幸,支撑着我的 不是毁灭后希望的微光, 而是阻止毁灭发生的信念。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机;
Because I don't know how to give an honest talk about my beloved parrotfish and coral reefs that has a happy ending. 因为我真的不知道, 关于鹦嘴鱼和珊瑚礁的快乐结局。
beloved:adj.心爱的;挚爱的;n.心爱的人;亲爱的教友;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）