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ArvindGupta_2010P-_变废为宝助学习_
My name is Arvind Gupta, and I'm a toymaker . 我叫阿尔温德·古普塔。我制作玩具。
toymaker:玩具制造者;
I've been making toys for the last 30 years. 过去三十年,我一直在制作玩具。
The early '70s, I was in college. 七十年代早期的时候我还在学校。
It was a very revolutionary time. 那是一个常闹革命的时代
revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者;
It was a political ferment , so to say -- students out in the streets of Paris, revolting against authority . 当时政局并不稳定——这么说吧, 学生们都走上了巴黎街头 反抗当局
ferment:n.发酵;酵素;动乱;vi.发酵;动乱;vt.使发酵;酝酿;使动乱; revolting:adj.令人作呕的;极其讨厌的;v.反抗,反叛;叛逆;(revolt的现在分词) authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
America was jolted by the anti-Vietnam movement, the Civil Rights movement . 美国则被 反越南战争运动和民权运动搞得措手不及
jolted:v.(使)震动,摇动,颠簸;唤醒;(jolt的过去分词和过去式) Civil Rights movement:n.(美国)民权运动(20世纪50年代和60年代非裔美国人争取平等权利的运动);
In India, we had the Naxalite movement, the [unclear] movement. 我们在印度则有纳萨尔巴里运动 和一些别的运动
But you know, when there is a political churning of society, it unleashes a lot of energy. 但你知道,当社会上出现政治骚动时, 也释放了大量能量
churning:n.搅乳;一次提制的奶油;v.搅拌(churn的现在分词); unleashes:v.发泄;突然释放;使爆发(unleash的第三人称单数)
The National Movement of India was testimony to that. 印度国民运动 就是一个很好的例子
testimony:n.[法]证词,证言;证据;
Lots of people resigned from well-paid jobs and jumped into the National Movement. 许多人辞去了高薪工作 转而投入到国民运动中去。
resigned:adj.逆来顺受的;顺从的;v.辞职;辞去(某职务);(resign的过去分词和过去式) well-paid:adj.待遇优厚的;收入高的;
Now in the early '70s, one of the great programs in India was to revitalize primary science in village schools. 就在这七十年代早期 在乡镇学校里 重振初等科学教育 是当时印度的了不起的举措之一。
revitalize:vt.使…复活;使…复兴;使…恢复生气;
There was a person, Anil Sadgopal, did a Ph.D. from Caltech and returned back as a molecular biologist in India's cutting-edge research institute , the TIFR. 当时有一个叫Anil Sadgopal的分子生物学家 从加利福尼亚理工学院拿到了博士学位, 并回到了印度前沿科研机构塔塔基础研究学会TIFR。
Anil:n.靛蓝;木蓝属植物;[有化]缩苯胺; Caltech:n.加利福尼亚理工学院; molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; biologist:n.生物学家; cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
At 31, he was not able to relate the kind of [unclear] research, which he was doing with the lives of the ordinary people. 31岁的他没法 将他的研究 与大众的生命联系起来。
So he designed and went and started a village science program. 于是他设计并创办了一个乡村科学项目
Many people were inspired by this. 这启发了许多人。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
The slogan of the early '70s was "Go to the people. 70年代早期的口号是 “走近百姓,
slogan:n.口号;标语;
Live with them; love them. 与他们一起生活,关爱他们。
Start from what they know. Build on what they have." 从他们知道的开始,以他们拥有的为基础。”
This was kind of the defining slogan. 口号的定义就是这个。
defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词)
Well I took one year. 我参加了一年。
I joined Telco, made TATA trucks, pretty close to Pune. 我加入了塔塔汽車Telco, 在浦那Pune附近制造塔塔牌TATA卡车
TATA:int.再见;n.散步;机关枪;
I worked there for two years, and I realized that I was not born to make trucks. 我在那儿工作了两年 然后意识到我不是生来造卡车的。
Often one doesn't know what one wants to do, but it's good enough to know what you don't want to do. 人们经常不知道他们想干什么, 但知道自己不想干什么就已经够好了。
So I took one year off, and I went to this village science program. 所以我休假一年并去参加了乡镇科学项目。
And it was a turning point . 我的人生就在这里改变了。
turning point:转折点;
It was a very small village -- a weekly bazaar where people, just once in a week, they put in all the vats . 那是一个很小的村子 每周有集市 在这一周一次的集市上人们会把东西都放到大染缸里。
bazaar:n.集市;市场;义卖市场; vats:abbr.电视辅助胸腔镜手术(Video-assistedThoracoscopicSurgery);
So I said, "I'm going to spend a year over here." 我说,“我将要在这儿过一年呢！”
So I just bought one specimen of everything which was sold on the roadside . 于是路边卖的所有东西 我都买了一件。
specimen:n.标本;样品;样本;(尤指动植物的)单一实例; roadside:n.路边;路旁;adj.路边的;路旁的;
And one thing which I found was this black rubber . 其中我就发现了 这个炭黑橡胶
rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…;
This is called a cycle valve tube. 这个叫气门管
valve:n.阀;[解剖]瓣膜;真空管;活门;v.装阀于;以活门调节;
When you pump in air in a bicycle, you use a bit of this. 给自行车打气的时候,你会用到它
pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;
And some of these models -- so you take a bit of this cycle valve tube, you can put two matchsticks inside this, and you make a flexible joint . 这些模型也会用到它 所以我们取一点气门管 把两个火柴棍放进去,我们就得到了一个灵活的接头
matchsticks:n.火柴棍,火柴杆;火柴杆似的东西; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
It's a joint of tubes. You start by teaching angles -- an acute angle , a right angle , an obtuse angle , a straight angle. 我们可以开始教学角形了—— 锐角,直角,钝角,平角。
acute angle:n.锐角; right angle:n.直角; obtuse angle:n.钝角;
It's like its own little coupling. 这是它本身的组合。
If you have three of them, and you loop them together, well you make a triangle. 如果我们有这样的三个,并全都连接起来, 我们就有了三角形
loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动;
With four, you make a square, you make a pentagon , you make a hexagon , you make all these kind of polygons . 4个,就有了方形 五边形,六边形, 所有多边形。
pentagon:n.五角形; hexagon:n.六角形,六边形;adj.成六角的;成六边的; polygons:n.[数]多边形;多边性(polygon的复数形式);
And they have some wonderful properties. 而且它们有些很妙的性质
If you look at the hexagon, for instance , it's like an amoeba , which is constantly changing its own profile . 比如说六边形, 它像个变形虫一样,它可以不停的变化形状
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; amoeba:n.阿米巴;变形虫(单细胞生物); constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; profile:n.轮廓;简介;形象;外形;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;
You can just pull this out, this becomes a rectangle . 我们把这个拉出来,它就成了矩形
rectangle:n.矩形;长方形;
You give it a push, this becomes a parallelogram . 推一下呢,又变成了平行四边形
parallelogram:n.平行四边形;
But this is very shaky . 但它很不稳定
shaky:adj.摇晃的;不可靠的;不坚定的;
Look at the pentagon, for instance, pull this out -- it becomes a boat shape trapezium . 再看五边形 拉出来,它成了梯形
trapezium:n.(英)[数]梯形(等于trapezoid);(美)[数]不规则四边形;大多角骨;
Push it and it becomes house shaped. 推一下,它又成了屋形
This becomes an isosceles triangle -- again, very shaky. 它可以变成等腰三角形 还是很不稳定
isosceles triangle:n.等腰三角形;
This square might look very square and prim . 这个方形可能看上去很方很整齐
prim:adj.拘谨的;整洁的;呆板的;v.使显得一本正经;把…打扮得整整齐齐;
Give it a little push -- this becomes a rhombus . 轻轻推一下它,就变成了菱形
rhombus:n.[数]菱形;[数]斜方形;
It becomes kite-shaped. 也可以是风筝形
But give a child a triangle, he can't do a thing to it. 但如果给孩子一个三角形 他什么也弄不出来
Why use triangles ? 为什么是三角形呢？
triangles:n.[数]三角形,三角型态(triangle的复数形式);
Because triangles are the only rigid structures . 因为三角形是唯一的坚固结构
rigid:adj.严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
We can't make a bridge with squares because the train would come, it would start doing a jig. 我们不能用方形来造桥 因为当火车开上去的时候,它会开始上下颠簸
Ordinary people know about this because if you go to a village in India, they might not have gone to engineering college, but no one makes a roof placed like this. 大部分人都知道这个 因为即使在印度的乡村 人们可能并没有上过工程学院 但没有人会造一个这样的屋顶
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
Because if they put tiles on top, it's just going to crash. 因为如果那样,当瓦片放上去的时候,它会塌掉
tiles:n.[建]瓷砖(tile的复数形式);v.铺砖(tile的第三人称单数形式);
They always make a triangular roof. 人们总是用三角形的屋顶
triangular:adj.三角的,[数]三角形的;三人间的;
Now this is people science. 这就是大众科学
And if you were to just poke a hole over here and put a third matchstick, you'll get a T joint. 现在,假使你在这个戳了个洞 然后放了第三根火柴 你就得到了一个T形连接
poke:v.刺,捅;戳;伸出;刺探;闲荡;n.戳;刺;袋子;懒汉;
And if I were to poke all the three legs of this in the three vertices of this triangle, 而如果我在这个三角形的三个顶点上 插上这个T形连接的三条边
vertices:n.至高点;天顶;头顶(vertex的复数);
I would make a tetrahedron . 我就有了一个四面体
tetrahedron:n.[晶体]四面体;
So you make all these 3D shapes. 这样一来我们又有了所有立体图形
You make a tetrahedron like this. 我们做了这样一个四面体
And once you make these, you make a little house. 一旦有了这些 我们就可以搭一个小房子
Put this on top. 把这个放在顶上
You can make a joint of four. You can make a joint of six. 也可以连4个。也可以连6个。
You just need a ton. 可以有很多很多
Now this was -- you make a joint of six, you make an icosahedron . 这个是,你连接了6个, 得到了一个二十面体
icosahedron:n.[数]二十面体;
You can play around with it. 你可以摆弄它
play around:玩耍;胡搞;轻率对待;
This makes an igloo . 这样就成了一个拱形冰屋
igloo:圆顶建筑
Now this is in 1978. 现在,时间到了1978年
I was a 24-year-old young engineer. 我是一个24岁的青年工程师
And I thought this was so much better than making trucks. 而我觉得这比造卡车有意义得多
(Applause) （掌声）
If you, as a matter of fact , put four marbles inside, you simulate the molecular structure of methane , CH4. 事实上,如果我们放四颗弹子在里面 我们就模仿了甲烷（CH4）的分子结构
as a matter of fact:事实上; marbles:n.大理石; v.使…显得斑驳; (marble的第三人称单数和复数) simulate:vt.模仿;假装;冒充;adj.模仿的;假装的; methane:n.[有化]甲烷;[能源]沼气;
Four atoms of hydrogen , the four points of the tetrahedron, which means the little carbon atom. 四面体的四顶点代表四个氢原子 这代表碳原子
atoms:n.[物]原子(atom的复数); hydrogen:n.氢;氢气; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
Well since then, 从这时起,
I just thought that I've been really privileged to go to over 2,000 schools in my country -- village schools, government schools, municipal schools, Ivy League schools -- 我就觉得我应当 到我的国家里2000多所学校去 乡镇学校,国立学校 市立学校,常青藤联盟学校
privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) municipal:adj.市政的,市的;地方自治的; Ivy League:n.[教]常春藤联盟;
I've been invited by most of them. 我被大部分学校邀请
And every time I go to a school, 每次我到一个学校里
I see a gleam in the eyes of the children. 我看见孩子们眼里闪着光
gleam:v.发微光;闪烁;流露出;(在眼中)闪现;
I see hope. I see happiness in their faces. 我看见希望,我看见他们脸上的幸福
Children want to make things. Children want to do things. 孩子们想制造东西。孩子们想动手做。
Now this, we make lots and lots of pumps . 现在,我们做了很多很多泵
pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送;
Now this is a little pump with which you could inflate a balloon. 这是一个小型的泵 你可以用它来给气球打气
inflate:vt.使充气;使通货膨胀;vi.膨胀;充气;
It's a real pump. You could actually pop the balloon. 它真的能用。你甚至可以把气球弄爆
And we have a slogan that the best thing a child can do with a toy is to break it. 我们还有一句话叫 小孩对玩具能做的最好的事就是拆了它
So all you do is -- it's a very kind of provocative statement -- this old bicycle tube and this old plastic [unclear] 所以这就是我们能做的—— 这听起来很挑衅—— 老化的自行车内胎和老化的塑料管
provocative:adj.刺激的,挑拨的;气人的;n.刺激物,挑拨物;兴奋剂; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
This filling cap will go very snugly into an old bicycle tube. 这个注水盖刚好可以插进这个自行车老内胎里
snugly:adv.舒适地;隐蔽地;贴身地;紧密地;
And this is how you make a valve. 这就是如何做好一个阀门的
You put a little sticky tape. 再在上面贴一个胶带
sticky:adj.粘的;粘性的;
This is one-way traffic. 这就变成单向流通的了
one-way:adj.单程的;单行道的;单方面的;
Well we make lots and lots of pumps. 我们还做非常多非常多的泵
And this is the other one -- that you just take a straw , and you just put a stick inside and you make two half-cuts. 这是另一个 你只需要一根吸管,然后放一根小棍进去 再对半分
straw:n.稻草; adj.稻草的;
Now this is what you do, is you bend both these legs into a triangle, and you just wrap some tape around. 接下来 把这些棱折成三角形 你只需要再缠一些带子在上面
wrap:v.缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来;缠绕;穿外衣;n.外套;围巾;
And this is the pump. 就有了一个泵
And now, if you have this pump, it's like a great, great sprinkler . 如果你有了这个泵 它就像一个洒水机一样
sprinkler:n.洒水车;洒水器;
It's like a centrifuge . 就像一个离心机
centrifuge:vt.用离心机分离;使…受离心作用;n.离心机;[机][化工]离心分离机;
If you spin something, it tends to fly out. 当把它旋转起来并洒点东西上去,它们就会满天飞了
spin:v.旋转;纺纱;吐丝;纺线;n.头晕;(快速)旋转;常用于英式英语;晕头转向;
(Applause) （掌声）
Well in terms of -- if you were in Andhra Pradesh, you would make this with the palmyra leaf. 假使你（不清楚） 她会用棕榈叶来做这个
Many of our folk toys have great science principles . 我们民间玩具中有很多 都蕴含着伟大的科学原理
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
If you spin-top something, it tends to fly out. 如果你旋转某物,它就会飞起来
If I do it with both hands, you can see this fun Mr. Flying Man. 如果我两只手来做这个,你就会看见有趣的飞人先生了
Right. 对吧
This is a toy which is made from paper. It's amazing. 这是一个纸制的玩具,叫人赞叹不已。
There are four pictures. 这上面有四幅画
You see insects, you see frogs, snakes, eagles, butterflies, frogs, snakes, eagles. 你看见昆虫 青蛙,蛇,鹰,蝴蝶 青蛙,蛇,鹰
Here's a paper which you could [unclear] -- designed by a mathematician at Harvard in 1928, 这是一张能和你一起跳舞的纸 它由哈佛的数学家阿瑟·斯通
mathematician:n.数学家;善作数字计算的人; Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
Arthur Stone, documented by Martin Gardner in many of his many books. 在1928年时发明 马丁·加德纳则在他的很多书中写到了它
Gardner:n.加德纳;
But this is great fun for children. 这对孩子们来说是超级好玩的
They all study about the food chain . 他们都学习食物链
food chain:n.食物链;
The insects are eaten by the frogs; the frogs are eaten by the snakes; the snakes are eaten by the eagles. 昆虫被青蛙吃,青蛙被蛇吃 蛇被鹰吃
And this can be, if you had a whole photocopy paper -- 如果你有一张照相纸,或者
photocopy:n.复印件;影印;vi.影印,复印;vt.影印;
A4 size paper -- you could be in a municipal school, you could be in a government school -- a paper, a scale and a pencil -- no glue , no scissors . A4纸,你就能做它 你可以是在市立学校,或者国立学校 一张纸,一把尺子和一支铅笔就够了,不用胶水也不用剪刀
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; glue:n.胶;胶水;v.粘贴; scissors:n.剪刀;v.剪断;删除;(scissor的第三人称单数和复数)
In three minutes, you just fold this up. 三分钟,你就能折好
fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
And what you could use it for is just limited by your imagination . 你能用它做任何你想做的事情
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
If you take a smaller paper, you make a smaller flexagon. 如果你用小一点的纸,你就有一个小一点的模型
With a bigger one, you make a bigger one. 用大一点的纸,就会有一个大一点的模型
Now this is a pencil with a few slots over here. 这是一只铅笔,上面有一些凹槽
slots:n.插槽;老虎机(slot的复数);
And you put a little fan here. 然后在这儿放上一片扇叶
And this is a hundred-year-old toy. 这是个有百岁历史的玩具了
There have been six major research papers on this. 目前为止关于它已经有六篇重要论文
There's some grooves over here, you can see. 你还能在这儿看到一些凹线
grooves:n.细槽,[建]凹槽(groove的复数);
And if I take a reed -- if I rub this, something very amazing happens. 现在我用一个簧片来刮它 令人惊叹的发生了
reed:n.芦笛;[植]芦苇;芦苇杆;[乐]舌簧;
Six major research papers on this. 有六篇重大论文来讨论它
As a matter of fact, Feynman, as a child, was very fascinated by this. 事实上,有个叫费因曼的孩子觉得这个很神奇
He wrote a paper on this. 然后他就写了一篇关于它的论文
And you don't need the three billion-dollar Hadron Collider for doing this. (Laughter) (Applause) 你不需要一台三十亿美元的强子对撞机 就能做这些
Hadron:n.[高能]强子(参与强相互作用的基本粒子); Collider:n.对撞机;碰撞机;
This is there for every child, and every child can enjoy this. 每个孩子都能玩到 每个孩子都玩得很开心
If you want to put a colored disk, well all these seven colors coalesce . 如果你想放上一张彩色磁盘 七种颜色合在一起
coalesce:vi.合并;结合;联合;vt.使…联合;使…合并;
And this is what Newton talked about 400 years back, that white light's made of seven colors, just by spinning this around. 这就是牛顿400年前讨论的 白光由七色光组成 仅仅是转转它而已
Newton:n.牛顿(英国科学家);牛顿(力的单位); spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词)
This is a straw. 这是一根吸管
What we've done, we've just sealed both the ends with tape, nipped the right corner and the bottom left corner, so there's holes in the opposite corners, there's a little hole over here. 我们已经把两头用胶带封起来 封闭了右上边和左下角 所以对角有孔,这儿也有一个小孔
nipped:adj.被夹住的;v.夹住(nip的过去式,过去分词);
This is a kind of a blowing straw. 这是根吹气管
I just put this inside this. 我把它放进去
There's a hole here, and I shut this. 这儿有个洞,我堵上它
And this costs very little money to make -- great fun for children to do. 这几乎不用钱就能做 而对孩子们来说却很有趣
What we do is make a very simple electric motor. 现在要做的是 做一个非常简易的电动机
electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
Now this is the simplest motor on Earth. 这是世界上最简易的电动机
The most expensive thing is the battery inside this. 电池是它里面最贵的东西
battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位;
If you have a battery, it costs five cents to make it. 如果你有一个电池,制作它只需要5分钱
This is an old bicycle tube, which gives you a broad rubber band , two safety pins . 这是一个旧自行车管 一根宽宽的橡胶带,两枚保险别针
rubber band:n.橡皮筋;胶带; pins:n.插脚,针;精确的综合导航系统;
This is a permanent magnet . 这是一个永磁铁
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; magnet:n.磁体;磁铁;磁石;吸铁石;
Whenever current flows through the coil , this becomes an electromagnet . 当电流经过线圈,它就成了电磁铁
coil:n.盘管;螺旋管;感应圈;(一)圈;v.卷;卷曲;蜿蜒流进; electromagnet:n.电磁体,[电]电磁铁;电磁石;
It's the interaction of both these magnets which makes this motor spin. 正是这些磁力的相互作用 使这个电动机转起来
interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; magnets:n.磁铁;磁石;吸铁石;有吸引力的人(或地方、事物);(magnet的复数)
We made 30,000. 我们做了三万个
Teachers who have been teaching science for donkey years, they just muck up the definition and they spit it out . 老师们教科学已经很长时间了 他们把定义们弄混并生硬地讲出来
donkey:n.毛驴;傻瓜;[动]驴;(非正式)笨蛋; muck:n.粪便,粪肥;脏东西;泥浆;令人厌恶的事物;v.施粪肥于… definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; spit it out:吐出来;有话直说;
When teachers make it, children make it. 如果老师来做这个,孩子们也做这个
You can see a gleam in their eye. 你就能看见他们眼里闪着的光
They get a thrill of what science is all about. 他们感到兴奋 想知道科学到底都是些什么
thrill:n.兴奋感;兴奋;激动;v.使非常兴奋;使非常激动;
And this science is not a rich man's game. 而科学也不再是一个有钱人的游戏了
In a democratic country, science must reach to our most oppressed , to the most marginalized children. 在一个民主国家 科学必须为我们广大群众所了解 为广大边缘儿童所了解
democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; oppressed:adj.受压制的,受压迫的;v.压迫;折磨(oppress的过去分词); marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词);
This program started with 16 schools and spread to 1,500 government schools. 这个项目从16所学校开始 发展到1500所国立学校
Over 100,000 children learn science this way. 超过100000名儿童用这样的方式来学习科学
And we're just trying to see possibilities. 我们正试图去看看这可行性。
Look, this is the tetrapak -- awful materials from the point of view of the environment. 看,这是个利乐包 所有材料都是环保的
point of view:观点;见地;立场;
There are six layers -- three layers of plastic, aluminum -- which are are sealed together. 他们有六层——三层塑料三层铝—— 都封在一起了
layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数) aluminum:n.铝;
They are fused together, so you can't separate them. 他们都被熔在一起,所以我们没法分离他们
fused:adj.装有熔断器的;v.(使)融合,熔断(fuse的过去分词和过去式)
Now you can just make a little network like this and fold them and stick them together and make an icosahedron. 现在我们可以就像这样制作一些小的连接体 折叠并把它们粘起来 就做成了一个二十面体
So something which is trash , which is choking all the seabirds , you could just recycle this into a very, very joyous -- all the platonic solids can be made with things like this. 所以这些垃圾 这些把海鸟们噎住的废物 可以被很愉快的循环利用起来 科学里的很多东西都可以做成像这样的玩具
trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝; choking:adj.窒息的;闭紧的;v.(使)窒息;使停止呼吸;说不出话来;(choke的现在分词) seabirds:n.[鸟]海鸟(如海鸥,等于seafowl); recycle:v.回收利用;再利用; joyous:adj.令人高兴的;充满欢乐的(等于joyful); platonic:adj.理想的;柏拉图哲学的;不切实际的;纯精神友谊的;
This is a little straw, and what you do is you just nip two corners here, and this becomes like a baby crocodile's mouth. 这是一个小吸管 然后你把两个角捏住 它变得像小鳄鱼的嘴巴
You put this in your mouth, and you blow. 把它放进嘴巴里,吹气
(Honk) （声音）
It's children's delight , a teacher's envy , as they say. 他们说,这让孩子们高兴,让老师嫉妒
delight:n.高兴;vi.高兴;vt.使高兴; envy:n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;v.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
You're not able to see how the sound is produced, because the thing which is vibrating goes inside my mouth. 你没法看见这个声音是如何产生的 因为振动的东西正在你的嘴里
vibrating:v.(使)振动,颤动,摆动(vibrate的现在分词)
I'm going to keep this outside, to blow out. I'm going to suck in air. 我把这个留在外面。我将要吸气。
suck:v.吸吮;吸取;n.吮吸;
(Honk) （声音）
So no one actually needs to muck up the production of sound with wire vibrations . 所以事实上没有人需要把声音产生的原理用线振动 解释得一团糟
vibrations:n.[力]振动;共鸣;动摇(vibration的复数);
The other is that you keep blowing at it, keep making the sound, and you keep cutting it. 另外,你可以一直吹气 一直发出声音 然后一直剪短它
And something very, very nice happens. 相当有趣的事发生了
(Honk) （声音）
(Applause) （掌声）
And when you get a very small one -- 当你剩很小的一截时
(Honk) （声音）
This is what the kids teach you. You can also do this. 这是孩子们教的,你也能这么做
Well before I go any further, this is something worth sharing. 在我讲后面的故事之前, 有个东西必需要和你们分享
This is a touching slate meant for blind children. 这是给盲童的触摸板
slate:n.石板;板岩;候选人名单;v.批评;抨击;预定;计划;安排;选定;
This is strips of Velcro , this is my drawing slate, and this is my drawing pen, which is basically a film box. 这是尼龙线,这是画图板 这是我的画笔 基本上要有一个胶片盒
strips:n.条(strip的复数); v.剥夺(stirp的三单形式); Velcro:n.维可牢(一种尼龙搭扣的商标名称); basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
It's basically like a fisherman's line, a fishing line . 还要有像钓鱼人的线一样的东西, 钓鱼线
fishing line:n.钓丝;
And this is wool over here. 这是毛线
wool:n.毛;毛线;毛料;毛织物;
If I crank the handle , all the wool goes inside. 当我转动手柄时,毛线会被转进去
crank:n.曲柄;奇想;adj.易怒的;vt.装曲柄; handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸;
And what a blind child can do is to just draw this. 一个盲童就可以用这个来画画
Wool sticks on Velcro. 尼龙毛线签
There are 12 million blind children in our country -- 我们的国家有一千两百万盲童
(Applause) （掌声）
who live in a world of darkness. 他们活在黑暗之中
And this has come as a great boon to them. 这对他们来说是一个很大的恩惠
boon:n.恩惠;福利;利益;adj.愉快的;慷慨的;
There's a factory out there making our children blind, not able to provide them with food, not able to provide them with vitamin A. 也许在那里有一个工厂使我们的孩子们失明 没法给他们提供食物 没法给他们维生素A
vitamin:n.维生素;维他命;
But this has come as a great boon for them. 但这对他们来说会是一个天大的恩惠
There are no patents . Anyone can make it. 没有专利,所有人都能制造它
patents:n.[专利]专利(patent的复数形式);专利权;
This is very, very simple. 这非常非常简单
You can see, this is the generator . It's a crank generator . 你看,这是一个发电机,曲柄发电机
generator:n.发电机;发生器;电力公司;
These are two magnets. 它有两个磁铁
This is a large pulley made by sandwiching rubber between two old CDs. 这个大滑轮由两张旧CD夹着橡胶制成
pulley:n.滑轮;皮带轮;滑车;vt.用滑轮升起;
Small pulley and two strong magnets. 小滑轮和两个强磁铁
And this fiber turns a wire attached to an LED. 导线连接这一个LED灯
fiber:n.纤维;光纤(等于fibre); attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
If I spin this pulley, the small one's going to spin much faster. 当我转动大滑轮时,小的也开始转,但快得多
There will be a spinning magnetic field . 这儿会有一个旋转的磁场
magnetic field:磁场;
Lines, of course, would be cut, the force will be generated . 磁场线被切割,产生了力
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
And you can see, this LED is going to glow . 你会看见,LED灯亮起来了
glow:n.喜悦; v.发热;
So this is a small crank generator. 这个就是小型的曲柄发电机
Well, this is, again, it's just a ring, a steel ring with steel nuts. 再来看这个, 这只是个环,有钢螺母的钢圈
And what you can do is just, if you give it a twirl , well they just keep going on. 你可以做的是, 如果你旋转它 那么它们就会一直转
twirl:vt.使快速转动,使快速旋转; n.转动,旋转; vi.旋转,转动;
And imagine a bunch of kids standing in a circle and just waiting for the steel ring to be passed on. 想象有一群孩子 站成一个圈 都在等着传这个钢圈
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆;
And they'd be absolutely joyous playing with this. 他们绝对会玩得很开心
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
Well in the end, what we can also do: we use a lot of old newspapers to make caps. 最后,我们还可以做的是, 我们用旧报纸 来做帽子
This is worthy of Sachin Tendulkar. 对沙奇·德鲁卡来说这很值
worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物;
It's a great cricket cap. (Laughter) (Applause) 这是个很棒的板球帽
cricket:n.蟋蟀;板球;
When first you see Nehru and Gandhi , this is the Nehru cap -- just half a newspaper. 首先你看到尼赫鲁和甘地 这是尼赫鲁帽——只是半张报纸而已
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖);
We make lots of toys with newspapers, and this is one of them. 我们能用报纸做很多玩具 这是其中之一
And this is -- you can see -- this is a flapping bird. 你看这个 这个是一只正拍着翅膀的鸟
flapping:n.拍动;摇摆运动;adj.摇摆运动的;挥动的;v.拍打,轻拍(flap的现在分词);
All of our old newspapers, we cut them into little squares. 我们把旧报纸都分割成小正方形
And if you have one of these birds -- children in Japan have been making this bird for many, many years. 如果你有这么一只鸟 日本小孩折这个鸟已经好多年了
And you can see, this is a little fantail bird. 像你看到的一样, 这是一只小扇尾鸟
fantail:n.扇状尾;扇尾鸽(或鱼);[建]扇形饰;
Well in the end, I'll just end with a story. 那么在最后,让我用一个故事来做结尾
This is called "The Captain's Hat Story." 这是“船长帽子的故事”
The captain was a captain of a sea-going ship. 船长是一艘航海船的船长
sea-going:adj.航海的;
It goes very slowly. 船开得很慢
And there were lots of passengers on the ship, and they were getting bored , so the captain invited them on the deck . 船上有很多乘客 大家感到很无聊,于是船长邀请他们到甲板去
bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式) deck:n.甲板;舱面;层面;一副(为52张);v.装饰;打扮;布置;用力击倒;
'"Wear all your colorful clothes and sing and dance, and I'll provide you with good food and drinks." “穿上你们所有鲜艳的衣服,唱歌跳舞吧, 我会给你们美食美酒。”
And the captain would wear a cap everyday and join in the regalia . 船长每天都带着一顶帽子 穿着船长服
regalia:n.(正式场合上的)特别服饰,特别物品;
The first day, it was a huge umbrella cap, like a captain's cap. 第一天是很大的伞帽 就像船长帽一样
That night, when the passengers would be sleeping, he would give it one more fold, and the second day, he would be wearing a fireman's cap -- with a little shoot just like a designer cap, because it protects the spinal cord . 那天晚上,当乘客们睡觉的时候 他折了一下帽子 于是第二天成了消防员帽 后面还有一个小尖角,像是一顶设计师帽 因为这可以保护脊髓
spinal cord:n.脊髓;
And the second night, he would take the same cap and give it another fold. 然后第二晚,他把这个帽子 又折了一下
And the third day, it would be a Shikari cap -- just like an adventurer's cap. 于是第三天成了猎装帽 就像是冒险家帽
And the third night, he would give it two more folds -- and this is a very, very famous cap. 第三晚,他又折了两下 这次成了一顶很有名的帽子
If you've seen any of our Bollywood films, this is what the policeman wears, it's called a zapalu cap. 如果你看过任何我们宝莱坞电影的话 这是警察戴的帽子 它叫Zapalu帽
Bollywood:n.宝莱坞(位于印度孟买的电影制作中心);
It's been catapulted to international glory. 它在国际上也已经很出名了
catapulted:n.弹弓; vt.用弹弓射; vi.用弹射器弹射;
And we must not forget that he was the captain of the ship. 我们不能忘记他是这艘船的船长
So that's a ship. 所以,这是船
And now the end: everyone was enjoying the journey very much. 现在结局来了 大家都享受这次旅程
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
They were singing and dancing. 人们唱啊跳啊
Suddenly there was a storm and huge waves. 突然间,暴风雨和巨浪袭来
And all the ship can do is to dance and pitch along with the waves. 船只能随着海浪摆动颠簸
pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
A huge wave comes and slaps the front and knocks it down. 一个巨浪打中船头 并把它打了下来
slaps:n.掴;拍击;缺口;v.用手掌拍击;在…上开缺口;(slap的第三人称单数和复数)
And another one comes and slaps the aft and knocks it down. 另一个巨浪打掉了船尾
And there's a third one over here. 第三个巨浪来了
This swallows the bridge and knocks it down. 它打掉了指挥室
swallows:n.燕子;咽喉(swallow的复数);v.吞下;吞没;忍受(swallow的三单形式);
And the ship sinks, and the captain has lost everything, but for a life jacket . 于是船沉了 船长什么都没了 只剩下救生衣
life jacket:n.救生衣(背心);
Thank you so much. 非常感谢
(Applause) （掌声）