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AnushkaNaiknaware_2017W-_一位少年科学家促进伤口愈合的发明_
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| Ever since I was a young girl, I was always fascinated -- |
我从小就非常好奇—— |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Oh! |
哦！ |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| OK, I meant younger and more short. |
好吧,我是说更年轻,更矮的时候。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| If that's possible to imagine. |
如果你可以想象到的话。 |
| But ever since I was a young girl, |
从我还是个小姑娘的时候开始, |
| I was always fascinated with how the world worked exactly how it did. |
我就对这个世界 是如何运转感到非常好奇。 |
| So this, very early on, led me to the fields of mathematics and chemistry. |
这一点让我从很早开始, 就对数学和化学很感兴趣。 |
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mathematics:n.数学;数学运算;
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| I would keep going further and further, and as I kept going, |
我努力学习,而随着学习的深入, |
| I realized that all the fields of science are interconnected . |
我意识到所有科学领域 都是互相关联的。 |
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interconnected:adj.连通的;有联系的;v.互相连接(interconnect的过去式);
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| And without one, the others have little or no value. |
如果离开某一学科,其他的学科的价值 就会大大下降,甚至毫无价值。 |
| So, inspired by Marie Curie and my local science museum, |
于是,受居里夫人 和我老家的科学博物馆的启发, |
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inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) Curie:n.[核]居里(姓氏);
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| I decided to start asking these questions myself and engage in my own independent research, whether it be out of my garage or my bedroom. |
我决定开始在我家的车库里, 或者我的卧室中 思考这些问题, 并进行独立研究。 |
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engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等); garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库;
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| I started reading journal papers, started doing science competitions , started participating in science fairs, doing anything I could to get the knowledge that I so desperately wanted. |
我开始阅读期刊论文, 参加科学竞赛, 参加科学展会, 用尽一切办法 获取我渴望的知识。 |
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journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; competitions:n.比赛,[生态]竞争(competition的复数形式); participating:v.参加;参与(participate的现在分词) desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
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| So while I was studying anatomy for a competition, |
有一次为了参加竞赛, 我开始研究解剖学, |
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anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析;
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| I came across the topic of something called chronic wounds . |
我遇到了一个名词, 叫长期性伤口。 |
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chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; wounds:n.(身体上的)伤,伤口; v.使(身体)受伤; (wound的第三人称单数和复数)
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| And one thing that stood out to me was a statistic that said that the number of people in the United States with chronic wounds exceeds the number of people with breast cancer , colon cancer , lung cancer and leukemia , combined. |
引起我注意的是一项数据统计, 在美国有长期性伤口的人数 比患乳腺癌, 结肠癌、肺癌和白血病的人 加起来还多。 |
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statistic:n.统计学;统计数字;统计资料;(一项)统计数据;adj.统计(上)的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) exceeds:v.超过;胜过; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; colon:n.[解剖]结肠;冒号(用于引语,说明,例证等之前);科郎(哥斯达黎加货币单位); leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病;
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| Hold up. |
先等一下。 |
| So what is a chronic wound? |
什么是长期性伤口呢？ |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And why haven't I heard about a 5K walk for chronic wounds, why haven't I even heard about a chronic wound in general ? |
我怎么从没听过为支持 长期性伤口患者进行的5公里步行活动, 甚至从没听过长期性伤口这回事？ |
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in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So after I got past those preliminary questions, and one that I will clarify for you, a chronic wound is essentially when someone gets a normal wound, except it fails to heal normally |
在我搞清楚这些初级问题之后, 我要说清楚一点, 长期性伤口本质上就是普通的伤口, 只是它无法正常愈合, |
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preliminary:n.准备;预赛;初步措施;adj.初步的;开始的;预备的; clarify:v.澄清;阐明;得到澄清;得到净化; essentially:adv.本质上;本来; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
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| because the patient has some kind of preexisting condition, which in most cases is diabetes . |
因为病人在受伤之前 就已经有其他病症会影响愈合, 大部分情况是糖尿病。 |
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patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; preexisting:adj.先前存在的;先于…而存在的; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
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| So more staggering statistics were to be found as I kept going on in this research. |
随着研究的不断深入, 我找到了更多令人震惊的数据。 |
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staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词) statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
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| In the year 2010 alone, 50 billion dollars were spent worldwide to treat chronic wounds. |
仅在2010年, 全球范围内用于治疗长期性伤口的 费用就高达500亿美元。 |
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worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
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| In addition , it's estimated that about two percent of the population will get a chronic wound at some point in their lifetime. |
除此之外,据估计,有2%的人口 会在一生中的某个时刻 遭遇长期性伤口。 |
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addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
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| This was absurd . |
这真的有点难以置信。 |
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absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品;
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| So as I started doing more research, |
于是我开始更深入的研究, |
| I found that there was a correlation between the moisture level inside a wound dressing and the stage of healing that the chronic wound would be at. |
我发现长期性伤口的出现与否 与伤口包扎物的潮湿程度 和伤口治疗所处的 阶段之间存在关联。 |
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correlation:n.[数]相关,关联;相互关系; moisture:n.水分;湿度;潮湿;降雨量; healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
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| So I decided, why don't I design something to measure the moisture level within the wound so this can help doctors and patients treat their wounds better. |
于是我就想, 为什么不设计一件产品, 可以测量伤口的湿度, 就能让医生和病人 更好地对伤口进行治疗。 |
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patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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| And essentially, expedite the healing process. |
这样一来就能加快治疗进程。 |
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expedite:vt.加快;促进;发出;adj.畅通的;迅速的;方便的;
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| So that's exactly what I set out to do. |
这就是我决定要做的事情。 |
| Being a 14-year-old working out of her garage-turned-lab, |
一个14岁女孩, 在自己家的车库实验室工作, |
| I had a lot of constraints . |
面临着许多限制。 |
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constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
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| Most being that I wasn't given a grant , I wasn't given a lot of money, and I wasn't given a lot of resources . |
最主要的是我没有经费,没什么钱, 也没有什么资源。 |
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grant:v.授予;允许;承认;同意;n.拨款;[法]授予物; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| In addition, I had a lot of criteria , as well. |
除此之外,我的设计 还需要符合许多标准。 |
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criteria:n.标准,条件(criterion的复数);
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| Since this product would be readily interacting with the body, it had to be biocompatible , it also had to be low-cost , as I was designing it and paying for it myself. |
因为这个产品需要跟人体发生作用, 因此它必须具备生物兼容性, 而且成本要低, 因为我是自己设计并自费生产。 |
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readily:adv.容易地;乐意地;无困难地; interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词) biocompatible:adj.生物适合的;不会引起排斥的; low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的;
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| It also had to be mass-manufacturable, because I wanted it to be made anywhere, for anyone. |
而且它还需要能够量产, 因为我想让它能 在任何地方生产,人人都能使用。 |
| Thus, I drafted up a schematic . |
因此,我画了个示意图。 |
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drafted:v.起草;草拟;选派;抽调;(draft的过去分词和过去式) schematic:adj.图解的;概要的;n.原理图;图解视图;
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| What you see on the left hand-side is the early schematics in my design, showing both a bird's-eye view and also one stacking variant . |
左手边的图是我早期的设计, 同时显示了鸟瞰图和堆叠变体。 |
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schematics:n.图表;电路图(schematic的复数); stacking:n.[交]堆垛;v.堆叠,堆积(stack的现在分词); variant:adj.不同的;多样的;n.变体;转化;
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| A stacking variant means that the entire product is consisted of different individual parts that have to work in unison . |
堆叠变体的意思是, 整个产品由不同的独立部分组成 需要协同发挥作用。 |
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consisted:vi.组成;在于;符合; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; unison:n.和谐;齐唱;同度;[声]同音;
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| And what's shown there is one possible arrangement . |
图上显示的是某种可行的方案。 |
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arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲;
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| So what exactly is this? |
那这些到底是什么呢？ |
| So I had gone on to testing my sensors and as all scientists have stumbles along their work, |
我对我的传感器进行了实验, 但凡科学家,总会遇到挫折, |
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sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); stumbles:n.错误;v.蹒跚;结巴(stumble的第三人称单数);
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| I also had a couple of problems in my first generation of sensors. |
我也不例外,第一代 传感器出现了不少问题。 |
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first generation:adj.出生在美国的;原件第一代;
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| First of all , I couldn't figure out how to get a nanoparticle ink into a printcheck cartridge without spilling it all over my carpet . |
首先,我想不出好办法 把纳米墨水精确地 注入打印墨盒里面, 而不会撒得地毯上到处都是。 |
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First of all:adv.首先; nanoparticle:n.纳米颗粒;毫微粒; printcheck:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。; cartridge:弹药筒,打印机的(墨盒);[摄]暗盒;笔芯;一卷软片; spilling:v.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出;涌出;(spill的现在分词) carpet:n.地毯;v.用地毯铺(房间的)地板;
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| That was problem number one. |
这是第一个问题。 |
| Problem number two was, |
第二个问题, |
| I couldn't exactly control the sensitivity of my sensors. |
我没法控制传感器的灵敏度。 |
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sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏;
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| I couldn't scale them up or down, |
无法将它调高或者调低, |
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scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| I couldn't really do anything of that sort. |
一点办法都没有。 |
| So I wanted something to solve it. |
我要想办法解决问题。 |
| Problem one was easily solved by some scouting on eBay and Amazon for syringes that I could use. |
第一个问题很容易, 我搜了一下易趣网和亚马逊, 找到了我可以用的注射器。 |
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scouting:v.侦察,搜寻(某处);物色优秀人才;(scout的现在分词) Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; syringes:n.(皮下)注射器; v.用注射器清洗(耳朵); (syringe的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Problem two, however, required a lot more thought. |
第二个问题就需要 更多的思考来解决了。 |
| So this is where this factors in. |
下面就是我要谈的。 |
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factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
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| So what a space-filling curve does is it aims to take up all the area it can within one unit square. |
所谓的空间填充曲线, 其目标是占据一个 平方单位内所有的空间。 |
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curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
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| And by writing a computer program, you can have different iterations of the different curve, which increasingly get close to one unit square, but never quite reaches there. |
通过编写计算机程序, 你可以得到以不同方式重复的 不同曲线, 它们会越来越接近 填满一个平方单位, 但永远也无法完全填满。 |
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iterations:n.迭代次数;反复(iteration的复数); increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
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| So now I could control the thickness , the size, |
于是我就可以控制它的厚度、尺寸, |
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thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清;
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| I could do whatever I want with it, and I could predict my results. |
做我想做的一切, 也可以对结果进行预测。 |
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predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
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| So I started constructing my sensors and testing them more rigorously , using money that I had gotten from previous science fair awards. |
于是我开始制造我的传感器 并且更严格地测试, 实验花费来自我以前 参加科学展会的奖金。 |
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constructing:n.构造;v.构造(construct的现在分词); rigorously:adv.严厉地;残酷地; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
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| Lastly, I had to connect this data in order to be read. |
最后,我需要建立输出,让数据可读。 |
| So I interfaced it with a Bluetooth chip , which you can see here by the app screenshots on the right. |
于是我用蓝牙芯片做了个交互界面, 就是右边的应用截屏的样子。 |
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interfaced:v.把界面缝合; n.分界面; (interface的过去分词) Bluetooth:n.蓝牙技术(一种无线通信的标准); chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片; screenshots:n.画面;截屏;
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| And what this does is that anyone can monitor the progress of their wound, and it can be transmitted over a wireless connection to the doctor, the patient or whoever needs it. |
它可以让我们 监控自己伤口愈合的过程, 也可以通过无线连接的方式 传给医生、病人或者任何需要的人。 |
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transmitted:v.传送;输送;发射;播送;传播;传染;(transmit的过去分词和过去式) wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; whoever:任何人:无论是谁:
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| [Continued Testing and Refinement] |
【持续测试和改进中】 |
| So in conclusion , my design was successful -- however, science never ends. |
总结来说,我的设计是成功的, 当然,科学永无止尽。 |
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in conclusion:总之;最后;
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| There's always something to be done, something to be refined . |
总有事情可以做,总有地方可以改进。 |
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refined:adj.精制的; v.精炼;
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| So that's what I'm currently in the process of doing. |
这就是我现在正在做的。 |
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currently:adv.当前;一般地; in the process of:在…的过程中;
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| However, what I learned was what's more important than the actual thing I designed is an attitude that I had taken on while doing this. |
然而,我真正学到的是 比起我设计出来的东西,更重要的 是我在这过程中所持的态度。 |
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attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
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| And that attitude was, even though I'm a 14-year-old working in her garage on something that she doesn't completely understand, |
这个态度就是, 尽管我是一个14岁的孩子, 在自己家的车库中工作, 做的也是自己不完全懂的事情, |
| I could still make a difference and contribute to the field. |
但我还是能做出点成绩, 对这个领域有所贡献。 |
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make a difference:有影响,有关系; contribute to:有助于;捐献;
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| And that's what inspired me to keep going, and I hope it inspires many others to also do work like this even though they're not very sure about it. |
这一点鼓励我继续前进, 我也希望能鼓励更多的人 来做同样的事情, 尽管他们对此还不太确定。 |
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inspires:激励;赋予灵感(inspire的第三人称单数);
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| So I hope that's a message that you all take on today. |
这就是我今天想 传递给大家的信息。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢大家。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |