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AnuPuusa_2021S-_经济隐形巨人——合作社案例_
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I'm so happy and proud to be here. |
能来这里令我既高兴又自豪! |
When I told my husband about this wonderful opportunity, he said, "TED Talk? Wow, I get to do that a lot around here. |
当我告诉我丈夫这个绝好机会时, 他说,“TED 演讲? 哇, 我在这里经常讲呀。 |
It's finally someone else's turn." |
终于轮到他人讲了。” |
So, yes, I happen to be married to a wonderful man named Ted, which is pretty rare in Finland, where I'm from. |
是的,我碰巧嫁给了 一个叫 Ted 的好男人, 这个名字在我们芬兰非常罕见。 |
It's not a typical Finnish name at all, trust me. |
真的,这不是典型的芬兰名字。 |
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
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Myself, I'm a business professor, and I love teaching. |
我本人是商业教授,喜欢教书。 |
But you know what? |
但你知道吗? |
My students are fed up, they're really fed up with the way business is screwing up the environment and making wealth inequality worse, and putting money and profits above all else. |
我的学生们受够了, 他们真的受够了 商业破坏环境的方式, 受够了商业加剧的财富不均、 以及把金钱和利润放在首位。 |
And what really makes them mad is when I tell them about the cooperative movement. |
而真正让他们发狂的, 是当我告诉他们合作运动的时候。 |
They're angry, because once they understand how cooperatives work, they feel like a secret solution has been kept hidden. |
他们很生气, 因为了解合作社的运作方式后, 觉得它像一个一直 被隐藏秘密解决方案。 |
fed up with:受够了;极厌恶;对…厌倦; screwing:v.用螺丝固定(或拧牢);拧紧;拧上去;(screw的现在分词) wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织; cooperatives:n.[农经]合作社;合作企业;福利社(cooperative的复数); solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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Before I tell you more about why cooperatives are so great, |
在告诉你更多有关合作社 为何如此伟大之前, |
I want to explain what they are. |
我先解释一下它们是什么。 |
A cooperative is an organization that is owned by its members, who are also its customer and decision maker. |
合作社是由其成员共同拥有的组织, 他们既是客户也是决策者。 |
And unlike most businesses, where certain owners can buy more power and influence , in a cooperative, every member has one vote, which was a revolutionary idea back when the model was first introduced. |
与多数企业里某些所有者 可以购买更多权力和影响力不同, 在合作社中,每个成员只有一票, 当该模式首次推出时, 这是一个革命性想法。 |
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者;
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A regular man, not to mention a woman, with no significant means or a prestigious position in a society, as an owner, an equal partner in business? |
一个普通男人,更别提女人了, 在社会中没有显赫手段 或显赫的地位, 能成为一个所有者、 一个平等的商业伙伴吗? |
Unheard of. |
闻所未闻! |
Perhaps it's still a bit revolutionary. |
也许它仍然有点革命性。 |
Cooperatives exist in a sweet spot between the for-profit and nonprofit worlds. |
合作社处于 盈利和非盈性世界间的最佳位置。 |
Their uniqueness is based on the idea of duality . |
其独特性基于二元性的思想,[02:00] |
not to mention:更不必说;不必提及; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; prestigious:adj.有名望的;享有声望的; Unheard:adj.听不到的;未被倾听的;不予理睬的; sweet spot:n.(球拍或球棒的)最佳击球点;最有效点;所有特点的完美组合; for-profit:以盈利为目的的; nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; uniqueness:n.独特性;独一无二;单值性; duality:n.二元性;[物]二象性;
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They have two distinct but complementary roles. |
它们有两个不同但互补的角色。 |
On one hand , they act like any other business and try to make money. |
一方面,他们的行为 与任何其他业务一样, 即努力赚钱; |
But on the other hand , cooperatives are and do so much more. |
但另一方面,合作社 涵盖更广并且做得更多。 |
They are people-centered enterprises run by and for their members, and they try to achieve economical , but also social and cultural goals to benefit those members who are just regular people, like you and me. |
它们是以人为本的企业, 由会员经营、为会员服务, 不但努力实现经济目标, 还有社会和文化目标, 使只是普通人的成员受益, 就像你我一样的普通人。 |
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; complementary:adj.补足的,补充的; On one hand:一方面; on the other hand:另一方面; people-centered:以人为本; economical:adj.经济的;节约的;合算的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
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And what has happened for almost 200 years is that cooperatives have proven to make decisions with a view across generations, instead of quarter-to-quarter, to benefit more people and to anchor wealth in communities that might not otherwise attract investment , while still being competitive and innovative . |
近 200 年来发生的一切已证明, 合作社从几代人的角度 出发来做出决定, 而不是按季度做决定, 来造福更多人、 将财富锚定在社区中, 否则可能不会在吸引投资的同时 仍具竞争力和创新性。 |
Sounds pretty good, right? |
听起来不错吧? |
I guess that's why, at the end of a class the other day , a student, all red and jazzed up, basically shouted at me. |
我想这是为何前几天课程结束时, 一位学生满脸通红、 兴奋不已地几乎冲我大喊, |
'"I've always been a straight A student, done all the work, read all the books, and now you're telling me that all my life, |
“我一直是全优学生, 做了所有作业、读了所有的书, 现在你才告诉我 |
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
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I've missed hearing about a movement with this magnitude ?" |
这个我从没听过的大运动?” |
I get this a lot. |
这样的反馈还有很多。 |
The organized cooperative movement started in 1844, with the [Rochdale Equitable Pioneers' Society]. |
有组织的合作社运动 始于 1844 年, 由罗契戴尔公平先锋社发起。 |
This was a group of weavers and artisans who, out of desperation, opened a store together, to sell things that they could neither get nor afford alone. |
这是一群纺织工和工匠, 无奈之下一起开的一家店, 出售他们无法单独获得 或负担不起的东西。 |
magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) Equitable:adj.公平的,公正的;平衡法的; weavers:n.编织者(weaver的复数); artisans:n.[劳经]工匠;技工(artisan的复数形式); afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
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The cooperative movement spread from there and became a global phenomenon . |
合作运动由此蔓延开来, 并成为全球现象。 |
Many of the modern-day credit unions and farm credit systems you see in North America are descendants of the famous cooperative Raiffeisen system in Germany. |
你在北美看到的许多现代信用合作社 和农业信贷系统 是德国着名合作瑞福森系统的后代。 |
And here in Finland, a man named Hannes Gebhard is considered to be the father of the Finnish cooperative movement. |
在芬兰,名为 Hannes Gebhard 的人 被认为是芬兰合作社运动之父。 |
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); modern-day:adj.当代的;今日的; North America:n.北美洲; descendants:n.后裔;后代;子孙;派生物;(descendant的复数)
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In the 19th century, he introduced cooperatives to help people tackle debt , poverty and unemployment . |
在 19 世纪,他引入了合作社, 帮助人们解决债务、 贫困和失业问题。 |
It turns out this is the foundation of a country known for its democratic values, high-quality education and the happiness of its citizens. |
原来这正是 一个以民主价值观、 优质教育和公民福祉着称的 国家的基础。 |
And this line of impact of the cooperative movement can be found in other places in the world too. |
合作社运动的这种影响 也可以在世界其他地方发现。 |
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; high-quality:adj.高质量的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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I'm proud to say that in relative terms, |
我很自豪地说,相对而言, |
Finland is one of the most cooperative countries in the world. |
芬兰是世界上最合作的国家之一。 |
We have about 5.5 million people who have over seven million memberships in cooperatives that run everything from groceries to banks. |
我们有大约 550 万人口, 在从食品杂货到银行的各种合作社中 拥有超过 700 万会员。 |
relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; groceries:n.杂货;食品杂货;食品杂货店;(grocery的复数)
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Each time I shop at our grocery cooperative, when I fill in my gas tank, eat at our jointly owned restaurants, stay at a hotel or buy clothes or hardware stuff , |
每次在我们的食品杂货合作社购物、 给油箱加油、 在共同拥有的餐厅用餐、入住酒店、 或买衣服、五金件时, |
I get bonuses that can be up to five percent. |
我能得到最高达 5% 的奖金。 |
And when I pay with our cooperative's bank card , |
当用我们合作社的银行卡付款时, |
I get an additional half percent off. |
会再打九九五折。 |
And I know that when the cooperative is doing well, it's not funding a single person's luxury vacation in the Bahamas . |
我知道当合作社运作良好时, 它不是在资助一个人 去巴哈马的豪华假期。[05:01] |
grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货; jointly:adv.共同地;连带地; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: bank card:n.支票保付卡;取款机提款卡;银行信用卡; additional:adj.附加的,额外的; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的; Bahamas:n.巴哈马群岛(拉丁美洲国家);
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Every year, a governance body comprised of elected representatives decides how any operating surplus will be used. |
每年,由选举产生的代表 组成的管理机构 决定如何使用营业盈余。 |
Some of the money will go back to the members. |
部分盈余将返还给会员, |
For example, this year, our consumer cooperative, |
比如今年,我们的消费合作社 |
Pohjois-Karjalan Osuuskauppa, or PKO, as we call it -- is part of the S Group, which is the biggest cooperative group in Finland -- they had a surplus of two percent on members' purchases , and 12 percent return on money invested . |
我们简称为 PKO —— 它是 S 集团的一部分, S 集团是芬兰最大的合作集团—— 他们在会员购买上盈余 2%, 并有 12% 的投资回报率。 |
governance:n.管理;统治;支配; comprised:v.包含(comprise的过去分词);由…组成; representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式); surplus:n.剩余;[贸易]顺差;盈余;过剩;adj.剩余的;过剩的; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; purchases:v.[贸易]购买; n.所购物; invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
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When you add up the savings and the return, my family received more than 2,000 euros back, which is more than we spend on groceries in one month. |
当储蓄和回报相加时, 我家分到 2,000 多欧元, 比我们一个月花在 日用百货上的钱还多。 |
Not to mention that our groceries are about seven percent cheaper than its main competitor. |
更不用说了,我们的食品杂货价格 比主要竞争对手还便宜约 7%。 |
I'm a member-owner in three cooperatives, and my husband has four memberships: a consumer, a bank, an insurance and a water cooperative. |
我是三个合作社的会员, 我丈夫有四个会员资格: 消费者、银行、 保险公司和水合作社。 |
savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数) euros:n.欧元;欧洛斯风;带雨东南暴风(euro复数); insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
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We have two beautiful girls who are 10 and 12 years old, and they are also member-owners of the S Group. |
我们有两个漂亮女儿, 分别是 10 岁和 12 岁, 她们也是 S 集团的会员, |
Their memberships cost us one hundred euros each. |
给她们购买会员是 100 欧/人。 |
We want to pass on the legacy and teach them about the benefits of cooperatives early on. |
我们想传承遗产, 并尽早让她们了解合作社的益处。 |
And of course, they are very happy about the yearly interest on cooperative capital. |
当然了, 她们对合作资金的年息 感到非常高兴。 |
But it's not just about us getting money back. |
但这不仅仅是我们能拿回钱, |
It's about the greater good for our community . |
还为了我们社区的更大利益。 |
legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; yearly:adj.每年的;adv.每年;一年一次;n.年刊;年鉴; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
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I'm not only talking about taxes and employment, even though our consumer cooperative is the biggest employer in the area. |
我不仅在谈论税收和就业—— 尽管我们的消费者合作社 是该地区最大的雇主—— |
I'm talking about support for young people, sports, arts, university and cultural events. |
我还指对年轻人、体育、艺术、 大学和文化活动的支持。 |
For example, as a member of the board of PKO, a few years ago, we agreed to build a sports hall for Lieksa, which is a nearby city here, in the eastern part of Finland, belonging to our cooperative's operational area. |
例如, 作为 PKO 的董事会成员, 几年前,我们同意为临近城市 Lieksa 市建造一个体育馆, 位于在芬兰东部, 属于我们合作社的运营区域。 |
employer:n.雇主,老板; nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; operational:adj.操作的;运作的;
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After we built it, the city signed a very long-term rental agreement with us, so financially , the investment made sense. |
建好之后, 该市与我们签订了 超长期的租赁协议, 所以从财务上看, 这项投资是有道理的。 |
And of course, it was a major gesture to the local people, who now have proper facilities to do all kinds of sports. |
当然,这对当地人是个重大举措, 他们现在有了进行 各种运动的适当设施。 |
In another case, we ended up rejecting the investment proposal regarding building a senior house downtown . |
在另一种情况下, 我们最终拒绝了 在市中心建造高级住宅的投资建议。 |
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; rental:n.租金收入,租金;租赁;adj.租赁的;收取租金的; financially:adv.财政上;金融上; gesture:n.手势;姿势;示意动作;表示;v.做手势;用手势表示; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) rejecting:v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用;不出售,不出版;(reject的现在分词) proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚; regarding:prep.关于;至于;v.将…认为;把…视为;看待;(regard的现在分词) senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的;
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The idea was a very good one, but we declined , because it was a big housing complex requiring a lot of capital with a low expected investment return that would only serve a small part of the membership , less than one percent of our over 100,000 members, and therefore, we decided against it. |
这个主意很好,但我们拒绝了, 因为这是一个很大的住宅区, 需要大量资金,但预期投资回报低, 只会为一小部分成员服务, 不足我们逾十万会员的 1%, 因此,我们决定否决。 |
In a cooperative, if we only emphasize profitability , the interests of the membership may quickly become secondary . |
在合作社中,如果只强调盈利能力, 那么我们成员的利益 可能很快成为次要的。 |
On the other hand, a situation where too much consideration is given to the members' differing and changing interests may jeopardize business performance . |
另一方面, 过多考虑 成员的不同和变化的利益 可能会危及经营业绩。 |
declined:v.减少;下降;衰弱;婉言拒绝;(decline的过去分词和过去式) complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; membership:n.成员资格;(统称)会员;会员人数; emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出; profitability:n.赢利能力;收益性;利益率; secondary:adj.第二的;中等的;次要的;中级的;n.副手;代理人; consideration:n.顾及;报酬;斟酌;仔细考虑; jeopardize:v.危害;使陷危地;使受危困; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
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So therefore, finding a balance is important. |
因此,找到平衡点很重要。 |
One role should not have priority over the other. |
一个角色不应优先于另一个角色。 |
Metaphorically speaking, cooperatives, by nature, have been given two solid feet, and as you know, it's much easier to stand on two feet than on one foot. |
打个比方, 合作社天生就被赋予两只坚实的脚, 正如你所知,两脚站立 比单脚站立容易得多。 |
Ensuring that is the board's most important task. |
确保双脚站立是董事会最重要任务, |
priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事; Metaphorically:adv.隐喻地;用比喻; Ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词);
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It is a very cool system. |
这是一个非常酷的系统。 |
That balance means that cooperatives can help us meet ambitious environmental goals. |
这种平衡意味着合作社可以帮助我们 实现雄心勃勃的环境目标。 |
In Finland, for example, |
以芬兰为例, |
S Group aims at carbon negativity by the year 2025. |
2025 年实现负碳 是 S 集团的目标。 |
REScoop.eu, a network of 1,900 energy cooperatives with way over one million members, is promoting community energy, which is key to a decarbonized economy and a crucial step in tackling climate change. |
REscoop.eu 是由 1,900 个 能源合作社组成的网络, 拥有远超一百万的会员, 正在推进社区能源, 这是脱碳经济的关键, 也是应对气候变化的关键一步。 |
ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; negativity:n.否定性;消极性; promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词) decarbonized:vt.除去碳素;脱去…的碳(等于decarburize); economy:n.经济;节约;理财; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词);
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This is about more than windmills and solar panels . |
这不单单是风车 和太阳能电池板, |
Community energy can help overcome the urban and rural divide and close the gap between north and south, between rich and poor, because it empowers local people. |
社区能源可以帮助 克服城乡鸿沟、 缩小南北差距和贫富差距, 因为它赋予了当地人权力。 |
Community energy leads to energy democracy , holding the promise of an economy and a society based on cooperation rather than competition within the boundaries of planet Earth. |
社区能源带来能源民主, 在地球的边界内, 秉承以合作而非竞争为基础的 经济和社会的承诺。 |
windmills:n.[动力]风车(windmill的复数); v.作风车般的传动; panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式); overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; empowers:授权;使能够(empower的第三人称单数); democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; cooperation:n.合作;配合; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
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What is so wonderful about the cooperative system worldwide is that while cooperatives may sell different products or services, the goal is still the same for all of them, |
世界范围内的合作社制度 奇妙之处在于, 虽然合作社可能 销售不同的产品或服务, 但其目标都是相同的, |
to create sustainable businesses that benefit the people and the communities they serve, lasting for generations. |
那就是创建可持续的企业, 造福其所服务的人民 和社区,世代相传。 |
This is also a significant global phenomenon, an invisible giant of the economy, resonating so well with the values of regular people, a form of business that recognizes |
合作社是一个重要的全球现象, 是隐形的经济巨人, 它与普通人的价值观产生共鸣, 是一种认识到我们人类 |
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 resonating:v.产生共鸣;回响(resonate的ing形式);adj.产生共鸣的;n.感通; recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数)
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that we people have other motivations and interests than purely and only economical ones. |
除了纯粹的经济动机和兴趣之外, 还有其他动机和兴趣的商业形式。 |
Today, there are more than three million cooperatives around the world, with over a billion members, employing 280 million people, which is 20 percent more than multinational companies. |
今天,全世界有超过 300 万个合作社, 拥有超过 10 亿会员, 雇佣 2.8 亿人, 比跨国公司高出 20%; |
motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机; purely:adv.完全;仅仅; multinational:adj.跨国公司的;多国的;n.跨国公司;
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Cooperatives sell more than two trillion dollars' worth of goods and services. |
合作社出售的商品和服务 价值超过 2 万亿美元, |
That number is larger than the GDP of Canada. |
高于加拿大的国内生产总值。 |
Doing good business and doing good at the same time really makes an excellent match, and this really works, because it's all about participation . |
同时做好生意和有益的事真是绝配, 而且确实有效, 因为这完全取决于参与。 |
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
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And while having lots of people involved in any project can often make things a little bit more complicated , we can also often get better and fairer outcomes . |
虽然让很多人参与到任何项目中 往往令事情变得更复杂一点, 但我们经常可以得到 更好、更公平的结果。 |
We can create better businesses, if we truly include the people they serve. |
如果真正把所服务的人包括进来, 我们就能创造更好的企业。 |
When we Finns travel abroad , we tend to brag about our sauna , sisu, fresh air, clean waters and endless forests. |
当我们芬兰人出国旅行时, 喜欢炫耀我们的芬兰浴、 芬兰人精神、新鲜空气、 清澈的海水和一望无际的森林; |
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) Finns:n.芬兰人(Finn的复数形式); abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国; brag:n.吹牛,自夸;v.吹牛,自夸; sauna:n.桑拿浴;vi.洗桑拿浴; endless:adj.无止境的;连续的;环状的;漫无目的的;
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And of course, that the real Santa Claus comes from Finland. |
当然,真正的圣诞老人来自芬兰。 |
But what we really should be bragging about is our cooperatives. |
但真正应该炫耀的是我们的合作社, |
Because unlike capitalism , the cooperative movement is not broken. |
因为与资本主义不同, 合作社运动并没有崩溃, |
It just needs better marketing. |
它只是需要更好地营销。 |
Santa Claus:n.身着红衣;圣诞老人; bragging:v.吹嘘;自吹自擂;(brag的现在分词) capitalism:n.资本主义;
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Thank you. |
谢谢。 |