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AnnaRothschild_2016X-_为何要热爱粗鄙的科学_
Did you know that one of the first fertility drugs was made from the pee of Catholic nuns , and that even the Pope got involved ? 你知道嗎？最早的生育藥物之一 是由天主教修女的小便所製成的, 甚至教皇也參與其中？
fertility:n.多产;肥沃;[农经]生产力;丰饶; pee:n.小便;撒尿;v.撒尿; Catholic:adj.天主教的;宽宏大量的;n.天主教徒;罗马天主教; nuns:n.修女;尼姑;(nun的复数) Pope:n.教皇,罗马教皇;权威,大师; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
So, this is totally true. 這是事實。
Back in the 1950s, scientists knew that when women enter menopause , they start releasing high levels of fertility hormones in their urine . 回到 1950 年代, 科學家們知道當女性進入更年期時, 她們釋放出高水平的 生育激素到尿液中。
menopause:n.更年期;活动终止期; releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词); hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数); urine:n.尿;
But there was this doctor named Bruno Lunenfeld, who wondered if he could actually isolate those hormones from the urine and use it to help women who are having trouble getting pregnant . 有位布魯諾?盧恩費爾德醫生, 想知道可否從尿液中萃取激素, 去幫助那些無法懷孕的婦女。
isolate:v.孤立; n.[微]分离菌; pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
Obviously, the problem with this was that in order to test this idea, he needed a lot of pee from older women. 顯然問題是,為了測試這個想法, 他需要很多老年婦女的尿尿。
And that is not an easy thing to find. 那是不容易找到的。
So he and his colleagues got special permission from the Pope to collect gallons and gallons of urine from hundreds of older Catholic nuns. 所以他與同事們 得到了教皇的特別許可, 收集數百名天主教 老修女的大量尿液,
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); gallons:n.加仑;大量(gallon的复数);一加仑的容器;
And in doing so, he actually isolated hormones that are still used to help women get pregnant today, though now, they can be synthesized in a lab, and gallons of pee aren't necessary. 就這樣做, 他真的分隔出荷爾蒙, 仍在今天被用來幫助女性懷孕, 雖然它們現在可以在實驗室中合成, 和沒有必要再用大量的小便。
isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离; synthesized:adj.合成的;综合的;v.合成(synthesize的过去分词);综合;
So why am I standing up here, telling this wonderfully intellectual audience about nun pee? 那我為什麼站在這裡呢？ 告訴你們這群很棒的知識分子 關於修女尿尿的事情？
wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的;
Well, I'm a science journalist and multimedia producer, who has always been fascinated by gross stuff . 好吧,我是一名科學記者 和多媒體製作人, 總是著迷於粗鄙的東西。
journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; multimedia:n.多媒体;adj.多媒体的; gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
So fascinated, in fact, that I started a weekly YouTube series called "Gross Science," 因此我開始每週製作 一段 YouTube 系列的影片, 稱為「粗鄙的科學」。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
all about the slimy , smelly , creepy underbelly of nature, medicine and technology . 有關於黏稠、有臭味, 令人毛骨悚然的下腹部的 自然、醫學和技術。
slimy:adj.黏滑的;泥泞的;谄媚的,虚伪的; smelly:adj.有臭味的,发臭的; creepy:adj.令人毛骨悚然的;爬行的; underbelly:n.下腹部;薄弱部分;易受攻击的部位,区域等; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Now, I think most of us would agree that there's something a little gross about pee. 我們大多數人會同意 小便是有些粗鄙。
You know, it's something that we don't really like to talk about, and we keep the act of doing it very private. 是我們不想談論的 私密行為。
But when Lunenfeld peered into the world of pee, he discovered something deeply helpful to humanity . 但當盧恩費爾德醫生凝視小便時, 他發現了一些對人類 有深遠幫助的東西。
peered:v.仔细看;端详(peer的过去分词和过去式) humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
And after a year and a half of making my show, 在我製作 Youtube 影片 一年半之後,
I can tell you that very often when we explore the gross side of life, we find insights that we never would have thought we'd find, and we even often reveal beauty that we didn't think was there. 我確定探索粗鄙的生活這方面時, 會找到我們從未想過的見解, 甚至揭示我們從未想到的美。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧;
I think it's important for us to talk about gross things for a few reasons. 基於某些原因,談論粗鄙的事情 對我們來說很重要。
So, first of all , talking about gross stuff is a great tool for education, and it's an excellent way to preserve curiosity . 首先,談論粗鄙的東西 是極佳的教育工具, 和保有好奇心的良好方法。
first of all:adv.首先; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
To explain what I mean, why don't I tell you a little bit about what I was like as a child? 講解我的意思之前, 何不先告訴你們我幼時的模樣？
So, I was what you might call a gross kid. 我就是那種,可稱之為粗鄙的孩子。
In fact, my love of science itself began when my parents bought me a slime chemistry set and was then only enhanced by doing gross experiments in my sixth-grade biology class. 我對科學本身的熱愛, 是由父母買了給我 一套粘液化學套裝時開始, 然後到六年級上生物課時做的 大量實驗,增強了我的興趣。
slime:n.黏液;烂泥;vt.涂泥;vi.变粘滑; enhanced:adj.加强的;增大的;v.提高;加强(enhance的过去分词); biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
We did things like, we swabbed surfaces around our classroom and cultured the bacteria we'd collected, and we dissected owl pellets , which are these balls of material that are undigested that owls barf up, and it's really kind of gross and awesome and cool. 我們在教室周圍擦拭表面, 培養收集得來的細菌, 我們解剖貓頭鷹的顆粒, 那些都是貓頭鷹嘔吐出來 未消化的物質球, 是又棒又酷的。
swabbed:v.擦洗,擦拭(地板等)(swab的过去分词和过去式) bacteria:n.[微]细菌; dissected:v.解剖;仔细研究;详细评论;剖析;(dissect的过去式和过去分词) pellets:n.芯块,小球(pellet的复数);靶丸;v.使形成小球(pellet的第三人称单数); undigested:adj.未经整理的;未出售的;未经消化的;未被市场吸收的; owls:n.[鸟]猫头鹰(owl复数); barf:v.呕吐; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
Now, the fact that I was obsessed with gross stuff as a kid is not so revolutionary . 小時候我一直沉迷於粗鄙的事實, 並不是那麼了不起。
obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词) revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者;
You know, lots of kids are really into gross things, like playing in dirt or collecting beetles or eating their boogers . 你知道,很多孩子喜歡粗鄙的東西, 就像喜歡玩泥土、收集甲蟲 或吃他們的鼻屎。
dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; beetles:n.甲虫;v.快速移动;(beetle的第三人称单数和复数) boogers:n.鼻屎;
And why is that? 為什麼這樣呢？
I think really little kids are like little explorers . 小孩子就好像小探險家。
explorers:n.探险者;勘探者;考察者;(explorer的复数)
They just want to experience as much as they can and don't have any idea about the relative acceptability of touching a ladybug versus a stinkbug . 只想盡可能多多地體驗, 他們對觸摸瓢蟲或臭蟲 可被接受的程度是一無所知。
relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; acceptability:n.可接受性;可容许性; ladybug:n.瓢虫; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; stinkbug:n.散发恶臭的昆虫;
They just want to understand how everything works and experience as much of life as they can. 他們只想了解一切如何運作, 儘可能多多體驗生活。
And that is pure curiosity. 這是純粹的好奇心。
But then adults step in, and we tell kids not to pick their noses and not to touch the slugs or toads or whatever else they find in the backyard , because those things are gross. 但大人隨後的介入, 告訴孩子們不要挖鼻孔, 及觸摸鼻涕蟲或蟾蜍 還有在後院找到的任何東西, 那些東西很噁心。
slugs:n.[无脊椎]蛞蝓; v.猛击; toads:n.[脊椎]蟾蜍(toad的复数形式); backyard:n.后院;后庭;
And we do that in part to keep kids safe, right? 這樣做的部分原因 是為了孩子的安全,對嗎？
Like, maybe picking your nose spreads germs and maybe touching that toad will give you warts , even though I don't actually think that's true. 就像摳鼻子會傳入細菌, 觸摸那蟾蜍會令你生疣, 但我不以為然,
germs:n.[微]细菌; v.发生(germ的单三形式); warts:[皮肤]疣;[皮肤]肉赘;
You should feel free to touch as many toads as you want. 你可以隨意觸摸很多的蟾蜍。
So at a certain point, when kids get a little bit older, there's this way that engaging with gross stuff isn't just about curiosity, it's also about, sort of, finding out where the limits are, pushing the boundaries of what's OK. 當孩子們變大一點, 他們會與粗鄙的東西為伍, 那不單是好奇心, 是試圖找到他們可以觸碰的臨界點,
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
So, lots of kids of a certain age will have burping competitions or competitions to see who can make the grossest face. 所以,很多特定年齡的孩子 會參加打嗝比賽, 或者參加最噁心的臉競爭。
burping:n.打嗝;饱嗝儿;vi.打嗝;打饱嗝;vt.使打嗝; competitions:n.比赛,[生态]竞争(competition的复数形式); grossest:adj.显著的;严重的;(gross的最高级)
And they do that in part because it's a little bit transgressive , right? 他們這樣做是有點過火了,對嗎？
transgressive:超亲的;海浸的;逾越的;
But there's another layer to why we define stuff as gross. 但是,我們界定事物為粗鄙, 還有另一個層次。
layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次; define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
As humans, we've sort of extended the concept of disgust to morality . 人類有點將厭惡的概念擴展至道德。
extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) disgust:n.厌恶;反感;憎恶;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感; morality:n.道德;品行,美德;
So, the psychologist Paul Rozin would say that many of the things we categorize as gross are things that reminds us that we're just animals. 因此,心理學家保羅?羅津會說, 很多我們歸類為粗鄙的東西 其實提醒我們只是動物。
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; categorize:vt.分类; reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数)
These are things like bodily fluids and sex and physical abnormalities and death. 像是體液和性, 和身體異常及死亡。
bodily:adv.整体地;亲自地;以肉体形式;adj.身体的;肉体的; fluids:n.液体;流体;液;(fluid的复数) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; abnormalities:n.畸形;异常情况(abnormality的复数形式);
And the idea that we're just animals can be really unsettling , because it can be this reminder of our own mortality . 而我們只是動物的想法 或許令我們很不安, 在在提醒我們必死的命運。
unsettling:adj.使人不安的;(消息)扰乱的;v.动乱不定;心绪不宁(unsettle的现在分词) mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
And that can leave many of us with this deep existential angst . 讓許多人帶著深深的存在焦慮。
existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的; angst:n.焦虑;担心;
Rozin would say that there's this way in which disgust and the avoidance of gross things becomes not just a way to protect our bodies, it becomes a way to protect our souls. 羅津認為這種方式 就會令人厭惡和避免粗鄙的事情, 不僅是保護我們的身體, 也同時保護我們的靈魂。
avoidance:n.逃避;废止;职位空缺;
I think at a certain point, kids really begin to internalize this link between disgusting things and immorality . 在某個階段,孩子們開始內在化 噁心的事物與不道德之間的聯繫。
internalize:vt.使(习俗等经吸收同化而)内在化;使藏在心底; disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词) immorality:n.不道德;无道义;伤风败俗的行为;
And while I don't have any concrete data to back up this next idea, 雖然沒有任何數據 支持我的下一個想法,
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
I think that for a lot of us, it happens around the time we hit puberty . 對於很多人來說, 事情發生在我們進入青春期的時候。
puberty:n.青春期;开花期;
And you know -- yeah, I know. 你是知道的,我也知道。
So during puberty, our bodies are changing, and we're sweating more, and girls get their periods, and we're thinking about sex in this way that we never did before. 在青春期,我們的身體 正在發生變化, 而且我們出汗更多, 女孩子們開始她們的月經, 以之前未有的方式思考「性」。
And through the human capacity for abstraction , this shame can settle in. 通過人的抽象思考能力, 可以解決恥辱感。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; abstraction:n.抽象;出神;心神专注;提取;分离; settle:v.定居;结算;停留;确定;n.高背长椅(老式木家具,有扶手,座下多带柜);
So we don't necessarily just think, "Oh, my goodness, something really gross is happening to my body!" 我們未必只是想: 「哦,天哪,我身上 發生了噁心的事！」
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
We think, "Oh my God, maybe I'm gross. 我們想:「噢,天哪, 也許自己很粗鄙。
And maybe that means that there's something bad or wrong about me." 或許這意味著 我有些不好或不對勁。」
The thing is, that if you de facto associate gross stuff with immorality, you lose a huge part of your curiosity, because there is so much out there in the world that is a little bit gross. 問題是,如果將事情與道德綑綁, 就棄失了大部分的好奇心, 因為世界上有很多有些粗鄙的事物。
de facto:adj.实际上存在的(不一定合法); associate:v.联合:联想:交往:adj.非正式的:副的:联合的:n.伙伴:同事:
Like, think about going for a walk in the woods. 比如,試想在樹林裡散步。
You could just pay attention to the birds and the trees and the flowers and that would be fine, but in my view, you'd be missing a bigger and more awesome picture of life on this planet. 你可以只關注鳥類、樹木和花朵, 那會很好, 但我認為,你會錯過
pay attention to:注意
There are cycles of decay that are driving forest growth, and there are networks of fungus beneath your feet that are connecting literally all of the plants around you. 這裡有衰變週期 推動了森林的生長, 在腳下有真菌網, 連接你周圍所有的植物。
decay:v.(使)腐烂;破败;(力量、影响等)衰弱;n.腐烂;腐朽;衰退; fungus:n.真菌,霉菌;菌类; beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
That's really amazing. 太神奇了。
So I feel like we should be talking about gross stuff early and often with young people, so they feel like they're actually allowed to claim this bigger picture of life on our planet. 所以我們應該於早期, 經常與年輕人討論粗鄙的東西, 讓他們覺得他們實際上被允許 在地球上主張更大的生活畫面。
claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
The good news is that for many of us, the fascination with gross stuff doesn't exactly go away, we just kind of pretend like it's not there. 好消息是,我們中的許多人 對粗鄙的東西仍很著迷, 並沒有消失, 只是假裝這些東西並不存在。
fascination:n.魅力;魔力;入迷;
But truthfully , we all spend sort of a big part of our lives just trying not to be gross. 但說實話,我們都在生活中 度過了大部分時間, 試圖盡量表現得不粗鄙。
truthfully:adv.诚实地;深信不疑地;
When you really think about it, we're sort of just like bags of fluids and some weird tissues surrounded by a thin layer of skin. 仔細想, 我們就像 周圍包著一層薄薄的皮膚。
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; tissues:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;(tissue的复数)
And to a certain extent , multiple times a day, whether consciously or subconsciously , 在某程度上, 每天多次,
to a certain extent:在一定程度上;在某种程度上; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; subconsciously:adv.潜意识地;
I need to remind myself not to fart publicly. 我得提醒自己不要在公共場合放屁。
fart:v.放屁;(尤指)放响屁;n.放屁;(尤指)放响屁;讨厌的人;蠢人;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
You know, we're desperately trying to avoid being gross all the time, so I think many of us take this kind of voyeuristic delight in learning about gross things. 我們總是拼命避免粗鄙的狀況, 但很多人傾向以偷窺般的喜悅 去了解粗鄙的事情。
desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地; voyeuristic:adj.喜好窥阴的; delight in:因…感到快乐;
This is certainly true of kids; the number of middle school teachers who show my videos in their science classes is a testament to that. 對孩子們來說,確實如此; 在科學課上展示我的影片的 中學教師的數量 就證明了這一點。
middle school:n.初中;(英国为9到13岁儿童所设的)中间学校; testament:n.[法]遗嘱;圣约;确实的证明;
But I think it's totally true of adults, too. 對成年人來說,也是如此。
You know, I think we all love hearing about gross stories, because it's a socially acceptable way to explore the gross side of ourselves. 我們都喜歡聽到粗鄙的事情, 因為這是一種社會可接受的方式
acceptable:adj.认同的;可接受的;令人满意的;
But there's this other reason that I think talking about gross stuff is so important. 但還有另外一個原因, 談論粗鄙的東西是如此重要。
A while back, I made a video on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone -- which are these balls of mucus and bacteria and food that get lodged in your tonsils and they smell really terrible, sometimes you cough them up and it's like -- it's awful. 前一陣子,我為扁桃腺結石 做了一段影片—— 這些粘液、細菌和食物的球 滯留在扁桃腺中,聞起來很糟糕, 有時你會咳嗽,就像——糟糕極了。
mucus:n.粘液;黏液; lodged:v.lodge的过去分词; tonsils:n.[解剖]扁桃体;
And many, many people have experienced this. 許多人都經歷過這種情況。
But many of the people who have experienced this haven't really had a forum to talk about it. 雖然他們經歷過, 卻沒公開討論的論壇。
forum:n.论坛,讨论会;法庭;公开讨论的广场;
And today, this video that I made is my most popular video. 到目前為止,我所製作的那支影片
It has millions of views. 有數百萬的觀眾。
(Laughter) （笑聲）
And the comment section for that video became sort of like a self-help section, where people could talk about their tonsil stone experiences and, like, tips and tricks for getting rid of them. 並且該影片的意見部分, 觀眾在自問自答, 他們談論自己關於 扁桃腺結石的體驗, 並給出擺脫它們的提示和技巧。
self-help:n.自助;自救;自立;adj.自助的; tips:n.尖端; v.(使)倾斜,翻覆; (tip的第三人称单数和复数)
And I think it became this great way for people to talk about something that they'd never felt comfortable taking about publicly. 而且意見平台成為人們談論 不能自在地公開談論議題的地方。
And that is wonderful when it's about something as goofy as tonsil stones, but it's a little sad when a video can have an effect like that when it's about something as common as periods. 多美妙啊！ 當普通如女性月經的影片播放後, 所產生的效果,令我有點兒傷心。
goofy:adj.傻瓜的,愚笨的;
Last February, I released a video on menstruation , and to this day , I am still getting messages from people around the globe who are asking me about their periods. 去年二月,我發布了一個 關於女性月經的影片, 直到今天,我仍然收到簡訊, 來自世界各地的女性 問我關於她們的月經。
released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) menstruation:n.[生理]月经;月经期间;有月经; to this day:至今;
There are a lot of young people -- and some not-so-young people -- out there, who are worried that what's happening to their bodies is somehow not normal. 在意見平台有很多年輕的 和一些並不年輕的人, 他們擔心自己身體有毛病, 某程度上不正常。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
And, of course, I always tell them that I am not a medical professional , and that, if possible, they should talk to a doctor. 當然,我總是告訴他們 我不是專業醫學人士, 如果可能的話,他們應該去看醫生。
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员;
But the truth of the matter is that everyone should feel comfortable talking to a doctor about their own bodies. 任何人在與醫生談論自己的身體時 都不應該感到不自在。
And that's why I think it's really important for us to start this dialogue about gross stuff from a pretty early age, so we can let our kids know that it's alright to have agency over your own body and over your own health. 因此我認為這個問題非常嚴重。 從小時候開始與粗鄙的東西對話, 可以讓我們的孩子知道, 盡可安心地將自己的身體與健康 交給醫生處理。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
There's another reason that talking to your doctor about your health and gross stuff is really, really important. 再者與醫生交談 關於健康和那些粗鄙的東西, 是很重要的。
Doctors and the scientific community can only address issues when they know there's something to address. 醫生和科學界所能解決的問題, 就是當他們知道 要解決什麼問題的時候。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
So one of the really interesting things I learned while making the video on periods, is that I was talking to this one scientist who told me there's actually still a lot we don't know about periods. 在製作那月經影片時, 我學到的一件非常有趣的事情, 一位科學家告訴我, 對於月經,我們仍有許多未知,
There's a lot of basic research that still hasn't been done. 還有很多基礎的研究尚未完成。
In part, that's just because there weren't a lot of scientists in the field who were women, to ask questions about it. 部分原因是在該領域的 女性科學家很少, 就此提出的問題也相對少。
And it's also not a topic that women talk about publicly. 而這些也不是她們公開討論的話題。
So there's this gap in what we know, just because no one was there to ask a question. 所以引致我們有認知的差距, 只因為女性沒在那裡問問題。
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
There's one final reason that I think talking about gross stuff is so important, and that's because you just never know what you're going to find when you peel back all those layers of disgustingness. 還有最後和最重要的原因, 因為你永遠不知道將會找到什麼, 在你剝去所有 那些令人厭惡的外層後。
layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
So, take the California brown sea hare . 舉加州的棕色海兔為例。
hare:n.野兔;
This is a sea slug that squirts this lovely, bright purple ink at any creature that tries to eat it. 牠們是一種海蛞蝓, 會噴出可愛的,紫色明亮的鼻涕水, 噴向任何試圖吃牠們的生物。
squirts:v.(使)喷射; n.喷射出的液体; (squirt的第三人称单数和复数) purple:n.紫色;紫袍;v.变紫;使成紫色;adj.紫色的;华丽的文辞; creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人;
But it also happens to be one of the kinkiest creatures in the animal kingdom. 牠們也恰好是在動物界中 最古怪的生物之一。
kinkiest:奇形怪状的,怪癖的;稍微变态的;扭结的,古怪的(kinky的最高级); creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
So these guys are hermaphrodites , which means they have both male and female genitalia . 牠們是雌雄同體, 有著男性和女性的生殖器官。
hermaphrodites:n.[动]雌雄同体;阴阳人;两性体;[植]雌雄同株;adj.[动]雌雄同体的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; genitalia:n.[解剖]生殖器,外阴部;
And when it's time to mate , up to 20 individuals will all get together in this kind of, like, conga line and they'll all mate together. 交配的時候, 最多 20 隻海兔類似 康加線地聚集在一起, 牠們會一起交配。
mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); get together:聚会 conga:n.康茄舞;vi.跳康茄舞;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
A single sea hare will inseminate the partner in front of it and receive sperm from the one behind, which is sort of like an awesome time-saver , when you think about it. 一隻海兔會給前面的伴侶精子 並從後面的接受精子, 可以想成是很棒的省時方式吧。
inseminate:vt.使受胎;栽植;人工授精; sperm:n.精子;精液;鲸蜡油; time-saver:节省时间的事物,节省时间的因素;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
But if scientists had only seen this and they were like, "OK, we're just not going to touch that with a stick," 如果科學家只注意到這一點,像是: 「好吧,我們可不想用棍子觸摸,」
they would have missed the bigger thing about sea hares that makes them really remarkable . 就會錯過令海兔非常了不起的事情,
hares:n.野兔(hare的复数);v.飞跑(hare的三单形式); remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
It turns out that these sea hares have a small number of very large neurons, which makes them excellent to use in neuroscience research. 事實上, 牠們有少量非常大的神經元, 使牠們非常適合用於神經科學研究。
neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等);
And, in fact, the scientist Eric Kandel used them in his research to understand how memories are stored. 事實上科學家埃里克?坎德爾 在研究中利用了這些海兔 來了解如何存儲記憶。
And you know what? 你知道嗎？
He won a Nobel Prize for his work. 他的研究成果獲得了諾貝爾獎。
Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖;
So go out there and pick up beetles and play in dirt and ask questions. 所以去花園那裡拿起甲蟲 和玩弄泥土,並且提問;
And own your fascination with gross stuff and don't be ashamed of it, because you never know what you're going to find. 擁抱對粗鄙的迷戀, 也不要為此感到羞恥, 因為你永遠不知道你會發現什麼。
ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿; you never know:(非正式)很难说,不可预知;
And as I say at the end of all my videos, "Ew." 正如我在所有影片結尾時所說的, 「噁心！」
Thank you. 謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）