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AnnaHeringer_2017-_泥巴建筑物的温暖与智慧_
It was the end of October in the mountains in Austria . 时间是十月底, 地点在奥地利的山区。
Austria:n.奥地利;[国]奥地利;欧洲中南部内陆国家;
I was there on a field trip with my architecture students from Zurich. 我和我的建筑系学生 从苏黎世到那里做实地考察。
field trip:n.(常指学生进行的)野外考察; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
And when we reached a high valley, 当我们抵达一处高山谷,
I surprised them with the news that there was no hut or hotel booked for the night. 我告诉他们, 这里没有小屋或饭店可以过夜的消息 让他们吃了一惊。
hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋];
It was not a mistake. 那并不是个失误。
It was totally on purpose . 我完全是故意的。
on purpose:有目的地,故意地;
The challenge was to build our own shelter with whatever we could find. 我们的挑战就是要用任何 能找到的东西来建立自己的庇护所。
And we all survived. 我们都存活下来了。
It was cold, it was really tough ... 当时很冷,情况非常艰困…
and it was a great learning experience to discover that there are a lot of resources given by nature for free, and all that we need is our sensitivity to see them ... 那是一次很棒的学习经验, 他们发现原来大自然 免费提供了许多的资源, 我们所需要的,就是对这些资源 要有足够的敏感度...
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏;
and our creativity to use them. 及使用它们的创意。
I found myself in a similar situation. 我发现我自己也曾经 遇过类似的状况。
When I was an architecture student about 13 years ago, 大约十三年前, 我还是建筑系学生时,
I went to Bangladesh to a remote village called Rudrapur with the aim to design and build a school as my thesis project. 我前往孟加拉共和国 一个叫做鲁达普尔的偏远村落, 主要目的是去设计并建立一所学校, 作为我的论文专案。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; thesis:n.论文;论点;
I had lived in that village before when I was 19 and a volunteer at Dipshikha, a Bangladeshi NGO for rural development. 我十九岁时住过那个村落, 当时我是孟加拉的 乡村发展非政府组织 「迪普西卡」的志工。
volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
And what I had learned from them was that the most sustainable strategy for sustainable development is to cherish and to use your very own resources and potential , and not get dependent on external factors . 我从他们身上学到的是, 最永续的永续发展策略 就是珍惜和使用 你自己的资源和潜能, 不要去依赖外部因子。
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; sustainable development:可持续发展; cherish:v.珍爱;怀有(感情等);抱有(希望等); potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; dependent on:依赖于;依靠; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
And this is what I tried to do with my architecture as well. 这也是当时我尝试要做的建筑风格。
In terms of suitable building materials for my school, 用当地适当的建材来盖我的学校,
suitable:adj.合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的;
I didn't have to look far. 不需要舍近求远。
They were right under my feet: mud, earth, dirt , clay , however you call it ... 它们就在我脚下: 泥巴、泥土、土壤,看你怎么称呼它…
dirt:n.污垢;尘土;下流话; clay:n.黏土;陶土;
and bamboo that was growing all around. 还有长满地的竹子。
Electricity in remote Bangladesh is rare, but we didn't need it. 孟加拉共和国的偏远地区, 「电力」很稀有, 但我们并不需要。
Electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
We had human energy and the people were happy to have the work. 我们有「人力」, 人们都开心地做着这工作。
Tools were an issue , too, but we had these guys, water buffalos . 工具也是个问题, 但我们有这些伙伴, 水牛。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; buffalos:n.[畜牧][脊椎]水牛;[脊椎]野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克;
We had also tried a bit cows, but interestingly , they were too intelligent . 我们也试过用乳牛, 但有趣的是,牠们太聪明。
interestingly:adv.有趣地; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
They were always stepping in the holes of the previous round. 牠们老是去踩上一圈走过的洞。
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
They wouldn't mix the mud, the straw -- 牠们不愿意混合泥巴、稻草…
straw:n.稻草; adj.稻草的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
the sand, which are the ingredients in the walls. 沙子,这些都是 墙壁要用的混合原料。
ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
And except a small team of consultants like my partner for realization , Eike Roswag, and my basket-weaver cousin, Emmanuel, it was all built by craftsmen from the village. 除了一个小型的顾问团队, 比如我的实现搭挡艾克洛斯瓦、 以及我那位织篮子的表兄伊曼纽尔, 学校全由村落的工匠建造。
consultants:n.[经]顾问;咨询顾问;咨询公司;咨询人员(consultant的复数); realization:n.实现;领悟; craftsmen:n.工匠;手艺人(craftsman的复数形式);
And this is the METI school after six months of construction . 这是 METI 学校 在建设六个月后的样子。
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Load-bearing earth walls that really ground the school, and large bamboo structures that bring the lightness in. 承重用的泥土墙 强化了学校的结构基础, 大型的竹子结构让重量变得很轻。
Load-bearing:[建]承载;承重; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); lightness:n.轻盈;轻松;明亮;(颜色)浅淡;
That's the classroom on the ground floor . 这是一楼的教室。
ground floor:n.底层;
Attached to it are the caves. 洞穴跟它接在一起。
Attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式)
They're for reading, for snuggling , for solo work, for meditation , for playing ... 其用途是阅读、小歇、单独工作、 冥想、玩乐…
snuggling:vt.使舒适温暖;紧抱;偎依;vi.偎依;舒服地蜷伏; solo:n.独奏; adj.独奏的; v.单人攀登; v.单独地; meditation:n.冥想;沉思,深思;
and the classroom on the top. 这是顶楼的教室。
The children all signed with their names in Bengali the doors, and they did not only sign, they also helped building the school. 孩子们都把他们的 孟加拉语名字签在门上, 他们不只签名,还协助建立学校。
And I'm sure you all had your hands in mud or clay before. 我相信各位都曾把手 放到泥巴或泥土中过。
It's wonderful to touch. I love it. 我很爱那种美好的触感。
The children loved it. 孩子们也很爱。
And can you imagine the feeling of a small boy or a girl or an illiterate day laborer standing in front of that school building and knowing that you built this 各位能否想像,当这些小男生、 小女孩、未受过教育的零工们, 当他们站在这栋建筑物前面时, 心中理解,这间学校是靠普通的竹子、
illiterate:adj.文盲的;不识字的;没受教育的;n.文盲; laborer:n.劳动者;工人;
out of the ordinary bamboo and just the dirt underneath your feet, using nothing but your hands? 脚下的泥巴和我自己的双手
out of the ordinary:不平常的; underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
That gives such an enormous boost of trust and confidence in yourself and the community . 那会大大提升你对 你自己以及这个社区 的信任和信心。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; boost:n.提高;增长;帮助;激励;v.使增长;使兴旺;偷窃; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And in the material. 还有对材料运用的自信。
Especially mud has a very poor image. 特别是我们对泥巴的印象 非常糟糕。
Especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
When we think of mud, we think of dirt -- it's ugly , it's nondurable -- and this is the image I want to change. 当我们想到泥巴时, 我们会想到汙物── 它很丑陋,它不耐久── 我想要改变我们对泥巴的印象。
ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的; nondurable:adj.不耐用的;n.不耐久物品;
In fact, it's the 11th rainy season for this school now, really harsh , horizontal monsoon rains, and the walls are standing strong. 事实上,这间学校现在已经 经历了第十一个雨季了, 非常严酷的强烈季风雨, 而墙壁现在依旧稳固地屹立着。
harsh:adj.严厉的;严酷的;刺耳的;粗糙的;刺目的; horizontal:n.水平线;水平面;横线;水平位置;adj.水平的;与地面平行的;横的; monsoon:n.季风;(印度等地的)雨季;季候风;
(Applause) （掌声）
So how does it work? 所以是怎么做到的？
First rule, a good foundation that keeps the wall dry from the ground, and second rule, a good roof that protects from the top, and third rule, erosion control. 规则一,要有好的地基来让 墙壁保持干燥不受地面影响, 规则二,有要好的屋顶, 从上方做保护, 规则三,侵蚀控制。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; erosion:n.侵蚀,腐蚀;
Mud walls need speed breakers so that the rainwater cannot run down the wall fast, and these speed breakers could be lines of bamboo or stones or straw mixed into the mud, just like a hill needs trees or rocks in order to prevent erosion. 泥巴墙需要有减速的凸障, 这样雨水才不会快速地 延墙壁流下, 可以用成排的竹子 来做这些减速凸障, 或是把石头或稻草混合到泥巴当中, 就像山丘需要有树木 或石头才能避免侵蚀。
rainwater:n.雨水;软水;
It works just the same way. 道理是一样的。
And people always ask me if I have to add cement to the mud, and the answer is no. 人们总会问我, 我是否有在泥巴中加水泥, 答案是:没有。
cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合;
There is no stabilizer , no coating on these walls, only in the foundation. 这些墙壁没有稳定剂、没有涂层, 只有地基才有。
stabilizer:n.[助剂]稳定剂;稳定器;安定装置;
So this is the close-up of the wall after 10 rainy seasons, and as much as I grew a bit older, the wall got some wrinkles as well. 这是墙壁的近距离照片, 在十个雨季之后, 就像我变老了一样, 墙上也有了皱纹。
close-up:n.[电影]特写镜头,特写;小传; wrinkles:n.皱纹;皱痕;v.起皱纹;皱起;(使)起皱褶;(wrinkle的第三人称单数和复数)
The edges my not be as sharp as before, but it still looks pretty good, and if it needs repairing, it is really easy to do. 墙角可能没有像以前那么笔直, 但看起来状况还不错, 如果它需要维修, 也非常容易办到。
sharp:锋利的,尖的
You just take the broken part, make it wet, and put it back on the wall, and it will look the same as before. 只要针对坏掉的部份, 把它弄湿,再补土回墙壁上即可, 它就会看起来跟以前一样了。
Wish that would work on me, too. 真希望我也可以这样。
(Laughter)
Yeah, and the great thing is, if an earth wall is not needed anymore, it can go back to the ground it came from, turn into a garden, or get fully recycled without any loss of quality. 而很棒的一点是, 如果不再需要泥土墙了, 它就可以回到它所属的地方:地上, 转变成一个花园, 或是可以完全回收使用, 品质不受任何影响。
recycled:n.再生纸;回收站;adj.[环境]回收利用的;可循环再造的;
There's no other material that can do this, and this is why mud is so excellent in terms of environmental performance . 没有其他材料能做到这点, 那就是为什么泥巴的 环保表现能如此出色。
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
What about the economic sustainability ? 那么经济永续性又如何呢？
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
When we built the school, 当我们建造这间学校时,
I practically lived on the construction site , and in the evening, I used to go with the workers to the market, and I could see how they spent their money. 我可以说是住在工地里, 晚上,我会和工人一起去市场, 我可以看到他们如何花钱。
practically:adv.实际地;几乎;事实上; construction site:na.建筑工地;
And they would buy the vegetables from their neighbors, they would get a new haircut or a new blouse from the tailor. 他们会向邻居买蔬菜, 他们会去剪个新发型 或是向裁缝师买件新上衣。
And because the main part of the building budget was spent on craftsmanship , the school wasn't just a building, it became a real catalyst for local development, and that made me happy. 因为建设预算的主要部份 都花在工匠师傅的手艺上, 这间学校不只是一栋建筑, 它更是当地发展的催化剂, 那让我很开心。
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; craftsmanship:n.技术;技艺; catalyst:n.[物化]催化剂;刺激因素;
If I had designed the school in cement and steel, this money would have been exported and lost for those families. 如果我用水泥和钢铁 来设计这间学校, 这笔钱就会被出口, 那些家庭就无法受惠。
exported:v.[贸易]出口;输出(export的过去分词);adj.出口的;
(Applause) （掌声）
The building budget at that time was 35,000 euros -- it's probably doubled by now -- and this is a lot of money for that region , and especially because this money is working within the community and rotating fast, and not on the stock market . 当时的建筑预算是 35,000 欧元, 现在大概要两倍的价钱, 对那个区域来说,这是笔很大的钱, 特别是,这笔钱留在社区中, 快速流转, 而不是流入股票市场。
euros:n.欧元;欧洛斯风;带雨东南暴风(euro复数); region:n.地区;范围;部位; rotating:v.(使)旋转,转动;(工作)由…轮值;(rotate的现在分词) stock market:股票市场;证券市场;股票交易;
So when it comes to the economic sustainability of my project, my main question is, who gets the profit ? 所以每当我谈到专案的经济永续性, 我主要的问题会先问:谁获利？
profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益;
How many of you in here have some experience living in a mud house? 在座各位有多少人 有住过泥巴房子？
Chris Anderson, where is your hand? 克里斯安德森,你该举个手吧？
(Laughter) （笑声）
You? OK. 你有？好。
Yeah. 是啊。
It seems totally out of our focus, but approximately three billion people all around the planet are living in earth houses, and it is a traditional building material in Europe just as much as in Africa. 我们大概不在乎这个, 但地球上大约有三十亿人 都住在泥土房中, 它是种传统的建筑材料, 不仅在非洲,在欧洲也差不多如此。
approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
Strangely enough, mud is not considered worthy of being studied at universities ... 非常奇怪的是, 在大学中,泥巴并不被 认为是值得研究的。
Strangely:adv.奇怪地;奇妙地;不可思议地; worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物;
so I brought the dirt to Harvard , 所以,我把泥巴拿去哈佛,
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
(Laughter) （笑声）
precisely 60 tons of dirt right in front of the main facade of the Graduate School of Design. 精确地说,是把 60 吨的泥巴, 通通都放在设计研究所的正前方。
facade:n.正面;表面;外观; Graduate School:研究所,研究院;
Students and faculty rolled up their sleeves , got their hands dirty and transformed the front into a warm place for people to gather. 学生和教职员卷起袖子, 把手弄脏（亲手去做）, 把前面区域转变成 让人们聚聚的温暖地方。
faculty:n.科,系;能力;全体教员; sleeves:n.[服装]袖子; v.给…装袖子; (sleeve的单三形式) transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
Children would climb the structures, skaters would ride the ramp , students having lunch breaks, and it was particularly fascinating to see how many people were touching the wall, and we usually don't go around cities caressing our facades , right? 孩子可以攀爬构造体, 玩滑板车的人可以使用斜坡滑板, 学生在这里吃中餐, 特别棒的是,你可以看到 很多人在触碰墙面, 我们通常不会在城市里 到处抚摸建筑物外墙,对吧？
skaters:n.滑冰者(skater的复数); ramp:n.斜坡,坡道;敲诈;vi.蔓延;狂跳乱撞;敲诈;vt.敲诈;使有斜面; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) caressing:adj.爱抚的;亲切的;表现爱情的;v.爱抚;宠爱(caress的ing形式); facades:n.外立面(facade的复数);
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Laughter) （笑声）
Of course, this was a small-scale project, but in terms of awareness-building and in terms of education, it was like an acupuncture trigger point. 当然,这是个小规模的专案, 但就建材认知层面及教育层面来说, 它就像是针灸的激痛点。
small-scale:adj.小规模的; acupuncture:vt.对…施行针刺疗法;n.针刺;[中医]针刺疗法; trigger:n.触发器; v.触发;
And in fact, in more and more countries, load-bearing earthen structures are not allowed to be built anymore although they're traditional and have lasted for hundreds of years, and not because the material is weak, but because there are no architects and engineers who know how to deal with that material. 事实上,在越来越多的国家中, 已经不再允许用泥土作为承重结构了, 虽然它们是传统做法 且已经被用了数百年, 并非因为这种材料太脆弱, 而是因为没有建筑师和工程师 知道要如何处理这种材料了。
earthen:adj.土制的;陶制的;地球上的; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
So education on all levels, for craftsmen, engineers and architects, is really strongly needed. 所以在各层级上的教育, 对工匠、工程师、建筑师的教育, 是非常必要的。
Equally important is technological development, like prefabrication developed by my colleague Martin Rauch, who is an Austrian artist and expert in earthen structures. 技术的发展也是同等重要, 像是我同事马丁拉奇的预铸工法, 他是澳洲的艺术家和泥土结构专家。
technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; prefabrication:n.预制品;预制假安装;工厂预制;组合配件制造; colleague:n.同事,同僚;
And he has created ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> technologies lack"> b>t> for rammed earth ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> elements lack"> b>t>, for prefabrication of rammed earth elements that include ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> insulation lack"> b>t>, wall heatings and coolings and all sorts ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> of lack"> b>t> color="B lack"> electrical lack"> b>t> fittings that can be layered to ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> multistoried lack"> b>t> buildings, and this is important in order to scale up and in order to fasten up the ont color="B lack"> t color= lack"> b>t>"B lack"> processes lack"> b>t>, like in the Ricola Herb Center in Switzerland. 他创造了夯土技术、 土壤的预铸工法, 让墙体有隔热、保温与散热的功能, 以及各类预埋的电路配管, 这些都可以运用在多层建筑上, 这些对放大建筑规模、 加速建筑流程是很重要的, 就像在瑞士的利口乐香草中心。
And finally , we need good built projects that prove you can build with an ancient material in a very modern way. 最后,我们需要好的建筑专案, 来证明我们能将古老的材料 运用在现代建筑上。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
It is not a matter of how old a material is; it's a matter of our creative ability to use it today. 重点不在材料有多古老; 而是我们现今运用 这些建材的创意能力。
creative:adj.创造性的;
These, for example, are three hostels that I did in China in the village Baoxi, about six hours by bus from Shanghai. 比如,这三间旅馆, 是我在中国的宝溪村做的, 从上海搭公车过去大约要六小时。
hostels:招待所;
The outside shape is woven bamboo, and the inside core is stones and rammed earth. 外墙是用竹子编的, 内在的核心是石头和夯土。
woven:v.编织;交织(weave的过去分词);编造;adj.织物的;n.机织织物; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
And it is a traditional building material. 竹子是一种传统建材。
Even large parts of the Great Wall of China have been built with rammed earth, but it's getting replaced by concrete . 甚至中国长城都有很大部份 是用夯土做的, 但它们后来被混凝土取代。
concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
And this trend is happening very fast. 这个趋势发展很快。
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
Within only a couple of years, 仅在几年内,
China has consumed more cement than the United States in the entire 20th century. 中国消耗的水泥量 已经超越了美国在二十世纪的总量。
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
And this trend of replacing natural building materials with materials that require a lot of energy, that are energy-intensive , and that emit CO2 is really clearly contributing to climate change. 这个取代天然建材的趋势 需要消耗许多能量的材料、 能量密集的材料、 排放二氧化碳的材料, 很显然会造成气候改变。
energy-intensive:un.能源消耗量大的;能量密集的; emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等); contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词)
And we have alternatives , such as mud, stones, timber , bamboo, earth, that are totally effective options for all sorts of purposes. 我们有替代方案, 比如泥巴、石头、木材、竹子、泥土, 都是很有效益的选择, 各种目的皆可使用。
alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) timber:n.木材;木料; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
This, for example, is an office building that we did for Omicron Electronics in Austria. 比如,我们为澳洲欧米克朗电子仪器 建造了一栋办公室大楼。
Omicron:n.希腊字母第15字; Electronics:n.电子学;电子工业;
Mud is healthy for the planet, but also for the human bodies, and the material is low-tech , but the performance is high-tech . 对地球以及对人体来说, 泥巴都是健康的, 材料是低科技的, 但成效却是高科技的。
low-tech:adj.低技术的; high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的;n.高科技;
The earth walls keep the highly sophisticated tools in the building safe by naturally regulating moisture . 泥土墙能以天然方式调节湿度, 让放在建筑物内的 高度精密工具都很安全。
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词); moisture:n.水分;湿度;潮湿;降雨量;
And this wall in my own home is our humidfier. 这是我自己家中的墙, 是我们的加湿器。
We love our six tons of dirt at home not only because it's healthy and sustainable. 我们很爱家里的六吨泥巴, 不仅是因为它很健康且永续,
Its archaic warmth is touching deep within. 它的古式温暖能深深触及内心。
archaic:adj.古代的;陈旧的;古体的;古色古香的;
My personal dream is to build a mud skyscraper right in Manhattan. 我个人的梦想是要在曼哈顿 建造一栋泥巴摩天大楼。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; skyscraper:n.摩天楼,超高层大楼;特别高的东西;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Yeah. 是啊。
(Applause) （掌声）
And this dream isn't so crazy if you think of the mud city of Shibam in Yemen that was built in the 16th century and has lasted now for 500 years. 这梦想并不算疯狂, 想想叶门希巴姆的泥巴城市, 它是在十六世纪建造的, 至今已有五百年。
What was possible that long ago is possible today as well, and we can apply all our technical know-how to these ancient materials so that it meets our needs and our dreams. 那么久以前就有可能做到的事, 在现今也是可能的, 我们能把我们所有的技术知识 用到这些古老材料上, 让它们能符合我们的需求及梦想。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; know-how:n.诀窍;实际知识;专门技能;
All around us, and just below our feet ... 在我们周围, 在我们脚下
are wonderful natural building materials. 是美好的天然建材。
Let's use them. 我们来运用它们。
And I deeply believe our homes, our work spaces, our cities would become more healthy and sustainable and more humane and beautiful. 我深深相信, 我们的家、我们的 工作场所、我们的城市 会变得更健康及永续、 更有人性、 更美丽。
humane:adj.仁慈的,人道的;高尚的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）