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AnnMarieThomas_2011-_用柔软的电_来亲身实践科学_
I'm a huge believer in hands-on education. 我是亲自实践教育的忠实拥护者。
believer:n.信徒;相信的人; hands-on:adj.亲身实践的,亲自动手的;
But you have to have the right tools. 但必须有合适的工具。
If I'm going to teach my daughter about electronics , 如果我准备教我女儿电子学,
electronics:n.电子学;电子工业;
I'm not going to give her a soldering iron . 我不会给她一个烙铁。
soldering iron:n.烙铁;
And similarly , she finds prototyping boards really frustrating for her little hands. 同样地,她发现模型 确实让她的小手觉得挫折。
similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; prototyping:n.[计]样机研究;原型设计; frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词)
So my wonderful student Sam and I decided to look at the most tangible thing we could think of: 因此我的好学生山姆和我 决定看看我们能想到的最切实的东西,
at the most:至多,不超过; tangible:adj.有形的;切实的;可触摸的;n.有形资产;
Play-Doh . 橡皮泥。
Play-Doh:n.培乐多;
And so we spent a summer looking at different Play-Doh recipes . 我们花了一个夏天来 考察各种不同的橡皮泥制作配方。
recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
And these recipes probably look really familiar to any of you who have made homemade play-dough -- pretty standard ingredients you probably have in your kitchen. 这些配方看起来非常相似 在座各位都可以在家中制作橡皮泥 -- 就用各位的厨房里大概都有的相当普通的佐料。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
We have two favorite recipes -- one that has these ingredients and a second that had sugar instead of salt. 我们有两个最喜欢的配方 -- 一个包含这些成分 第二个的配方中用的是糖而不是盐。
And they're great. We can make great little sculptures with these. 它们非常棒。我们能用这些做出很棒的小雕塑。
sculptures:n.[建]雕塑(sculpture的复数); v.雕刻;
But the really cool thing about them is when we put them together. 当我们把它们放在一起,真正酷的事发生了。
You see that really salty Play-Doh? 这是咸的橡皮泥,
Well, it conducts electricity . 它能导电。
conducts:vi.导电;带领;vt.管理;引导;表现;n.进行;行为;实施; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
And this is nothing new. 这不是什么新鲜事儿。
It turns out that regular Play-Doh that you buy at the store conducts electricity, and high school physics teachers have used that for years. 其实在商店里购买的正规的橡皮泥都能导电, 高中物理老师已经使用了很多年了。
But our homemade play-dough actually has half the resistance of commercial Play-Doh. 但我们自制的橡皮泥 实际上只有市场上橡皮泥电阻的一半。
resistance:n.电阻;抵抗;阻力;抗力; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
And that sugar dough ? 那个糖橡皮泥呢？
dough:n.生面团;金钱;
Well it's 150 times more resistant to electric current than that salt dough. 它的电阻是咸橡皮泥的 150倍。
resistant:adj.抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的;n.抵抗者;
So what does that mean? 那么,这意味着什么？
Well it means if you them together you suddenly have circuits -- circuits that the most creative , tiny, little hands can build on their own. 这意味着把它们放在一起,突然间你就有了电路 -- 可以由富有创造力的小手们制作而成 的电路。
circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数) creative:adj.创造性的;
(Applause) （掌声）
And so I want to do a little demo for you. 那么我来为你们做个小小的演示。
demo:v.试用(尤指软件);演示;示范;n.试样唱片;录音样带;
So if I take this salt dough, again, it's like the play-dough you probably made as kids, and I plug it in -- it's a two-lead battery pack, simple battery pack, you can buy them at Radio Shack and pretty much anywhere else -- we can actually then light things up. 如果我拿着这个咸橡皮泥 -- 再说一次,这就像是各位在孩童时期玩的橡皮泥 -- 我把它插入 -- 这是一个双极式铅蓄电池,普通的电池 -- 可以在Radio Shack买到 几乎任何地方都有卖 -- 我们能让 灯亮起来。
plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通; battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位; Shack:n.棚屋;小室;vi.居住;
But if any of you have studied electrical engineering , we can also create a short circuit . 但如果你们中有人学过电气工程的话, 我们也可以做出个短路来。
electrical engineering:n.电气工程;电机工程学; short circuit:vt.使短路;缩短;使…不工作;使简短;vi.发生短路;
If I push these together, the light turns off. 如果我把它们放在一起,灯就灭了。
Right, the current wants to run through the play-dough, not through that LED. 是的,电流会通过橡皮泥,而不是通过那个LED灯。
run through:n.贯通;从头到尾读一遍;排练;
If I separate them again, I have some light. 如果我分开它们,灯就亮了。
Well now if I take that sugar dough, the sugar dough doesn't want to conduct electricity. 现在,如果我用糖橡皮泥, 糖橡皮泥并不导电。
It's like a wall to the electricity. 它像是一堵阻挡电流通过的墙。
If I place that between, now all the dough is touching, but if I stick that light back in, 如果我把它放在中间,所有的橡皮泥都接触在一起, 但如果我把灯插回去,
I have light. 灯亮了。
In fact, I could even add some movement to my sculptures. 实际上,我甚至能在我的雕塑上加些运动的部件。
If I want a spinning tail, let's grab a motor, put some play-dough on it, stick it on and we have spinning. 如果想要个旋转的尾巴,就找个马达来, 在上面放些橡皮泥,插上去, 就会开始旋转了。
spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词) grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物;
(Applause) （掌声）
And once you have the basics, we can make a slightly more complicated circuit. 一旦有了这些基础, 我们就能制作一个稍微复杂些的电路了。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
We call this our sushi circuit. It's very popular with kids. 我们称这个为寿司电路。它非常受孩子们的欢迎。
I plug in again the power to it. 我把电源插上去。
And now I can start talking about parallel and series circuits. 现在我可以开始讲讲并联和串联电路了。
parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
I can start plugging in lots of lights. 我能插上很多灯泡。
plugging:v.堵塞;封堵;补足;补充;推广;宣传;(plug的现在分词)
And we can start talking about things like electrical load. 我们也能开始谈谈像电力负荷这类事情了。
What happens if I put in lots of lights and then add a motor? 如果我放上许多的灯泡 然后再加上一个马达,会怎样？
It'll dim . 灯变暗了。
dim:adj.暗淡的,昏暗的; v.使暗淡,使失去光泽; n.笨蛋,傻子;
We can even add microprocessors and have this as an input and create squishy sound music that we've done. 我们甚至能加入微处理器 用这个作为输入 并创造出轻柔的音乐,我们曾这么做过。
microprocessors:n.[计]微处理器(microprocessor的复数);[计]微处理机; input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机; squishy:adj.粘糊糊的;湿软的;
You could do parallel and series circuits for kids using this. 可以让孩子们用这个来做 并联或串联电路。
So this is all in your home kitchen. 这些在家里的厨房中就能做到。
We've actually tried to turn it into an electrical engineering lab. 实际上我们尝试过把它变成一个电气工程实验室。
We have a website, it's all there. These are the home recipes. 我们有个网站,上面什么都有。这些是配方。
We've got some videos. You can make them yourselves. 我们还有些视频。大家可以自己制作它们。
And it's been really fun since we put them up to see where these have gone. 因为把这些东西制作出来并看着它们成功运行,实在是很有趣。
We've had a mom in Utah who used them with her kids, to a science researcher in the U.K., and curriculum developers in Hawaii. 在犹他州有位母亲,与她的孩子们一起玩这些橡皮泥, 她的孩子成了英国的科学研究员 并在夏威夷开发新课程。
Utah:n.美国犹他州; curriculum:n.课程;总课程; developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数);
So I would encourage you all to grab some Play-Doh, grab some salt, grab some sugar and start playing. 因此我鼓励各位都抓把橡皮泥, 抓些盐,抓些糖,开始玩儿吧。
We don't usually think of our kitchen as an electrical engineering lab or little kids as circuit designers, but maybe we should. 我们并不常把我们的厨房想象成电气工程实验室 或把小孩子们想象成电路设计师, 但也许我们应该这么做。
Have fun. Thank you. 玩得开心。谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）