AnnCooper.2007P-.谈学校午餐.；TED演讲稿

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AnnCooper_2007P-_谈学校午餐_
My thing with school lunch is, it's a social justice issue .	在我看来,学校午餐是一件关乎社会公平的大事。
justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
I'm the Director of Nutrition Services for the Berkeley Unified School District . I have 90 employees and 17 locations , 9,600 kids.	我是伯克利联合校区膳食营养部门的主管, 在我手下有90名员工和17和服务站,为9600名儿童提供服务。
Nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; Unified:adj.统一的;一致标准的;v.统一;使一致(unify的过去分词); School District:n.学区; locations:n.地方;地点;位置;定位(location的复数)
I'm doing 7,100 meals a day and I've been doing it for two years, trying to change how we feed kids in America.	平均每天我们要提供7100份午餐并且已经持续了两年。我们这样做的目的是为了改变在我们国家里给孩子提供膳食的方式,
And that's what I want to talk to you a little bit about today.	这就是今天我想给大家讲述的内容。
These are some of my kids with a salad bar.	现在大家看到是孩子们在沙拉吧台前的照片。
I put salad bars in all of our schools when I got there.	我上任伊始,就在所有学校里设置了沙拉吧台。
Everyone says it couldn't be done -- little kids couldn't eat off the salad bar, big kids would spit in it -- neither happened.	当时,所有的人都认为这行不通因为他们认为年幼的孩子够不着吧台, 而大点的孩子又会往里面吐痰,但事实上这两种现象都从未出现过。
When I took over this I tried to really figure out, like, what my vision would be: how do we really change children's relationship to food?	当我接手这个职位的时候,我试图真正弄明白一些事情, 比方说,我的理想究竟是什么; 我们应该怎样做才能改变孩子和食物之间的关系？
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
And I'll tell you why we need to change it, but we absolutely have to change it.	我想说的并不仅仅是为什么我们需要去改变, 而是我们必须要去改变。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
And what I came to understand is, we needed to teach children the symbiotic relationship between a healthy planet, healthy food and healthy kids.	我逐渐意识到, 我们有责任给孩子们灌输健康的地球,有益于健康的食物和健康的孩子这三者之间的共生关系。
symbiotic:adj.[生态]共生的;共栖的;
And that if we don't do that, the antithesis , although we've heard otherwise, is we're really going to become extinct , because we're feeding our children to death.	如果我们不那么做的话,对立面将会是, 不是危言耸听, 人类将会灭绝, 因为我们的喂养方式会使孩子们一步步走向死亡。
antithesis:n.对立面;对照;对仗; extinct:adj.灭绝的,绝种的;熄灭的;vt.使熄灭;
That's my premise .	这就是我的前提。
premise:n.前提;假定;v.假定;预述(条件等);引导(论述等);;
We're seeing sick kids get sicker and sicker.	我们看到,身体差的孩子变得越来越虚弱。
And the reason this is happening, by and large , is because of our food system and the way the government commodifies food, the way the government oversees our food, the way the USDA puts food on kids' plates that's unhealthy , and allows unhealthy food into schools.	造成这种现象的原因,总的来说是因为我们的食品体系和食品商品化过程中政府采取的方式, 以及政府监管食品的手段, 和美国农业部设定的食物进入孩子们餐盘的流通渠道种种这些,都是不健康的,并且直接导致了那些对身体有害的食物进入了校园。
by and large:大体上,总的来说; oversees:监视; unhealthy:不健康的
And by tacitly , all of us send our kids, or grandchildren, or nieces , or nephews, to school and tell them to learn, you know, learn what's in those schools.	我们大家都心照不宣的把子女、孙子、侄女、侄子送去学校, 并且告诉他们学校教什么就学什么。
tacitly:adv.肃静地;沉默地;心照不宣地; nieces:n.侄女;甥女;(niece的复数)
And when you feed these kids bad food, that's what they're learning. So that's really what this is all about.	而当你给孩子们提供劣质的食物时, 这也是孩子们在学校里学到的一部分。这才是关键问题之所在。
The way we got here is because of big agribusiness .	我们走到这一步要拜那些农业综合企业巨头们所赐。
agribusiness:n.农业综合企业(包括农业设备,用品的制造,农产品的产销,制造加工等);
We now live in a country where most of us don't decide, by and large, what we eat. We see big businesses, Monsanto and DuPont -- who brought out Agent Orange and stain-resistant carpet -- they control 90 percent of the commercially produced seeds in our country.	总之,我们如今生活在一个我们大多数人没有权力决定我们吃什么的国度, 那些生产落叶剂和耐污地毯的大财团, 如Monsanto（孟山都）和DuPont（杜邦）, 他们掌控着全美国百分之九十的商业化种子。
DuPont:n.杜邦,杜邦公司; Agent:n.代理人,代理商;药剂;特工;v由…作中介;由…代理;adj.代理的; carpet:n.地毯;v.用地毯铺(房间的)地板; commercially:adv.商业上;通商上;
These are 10 companies -- control much of what's in our grocery stores, much of what people eat -- and that's really, really a problem.	仅仅十家公司, 就掌控着零售店里出售的大部分商品和食品, 这不能不说是个问题。
grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货;
So when I started thinking about these issues and how I was going to change what kids ate,	因此,当我开始思考这些问题以及思考怎样才能改变孩子们所摄入的食物时,
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
I really started focusing on what we would teach them.	我开始把注意力集中在这样一个问题上,即我们应该给孩子们灌输些什么。
And the very first thing was about regional food -- trying to eat food from within our region.	首当其冲我们要灌输给孩子们的是区域性食品, 即尝试食用本地出产的食物。
regional:adj.地区的;局部的;整个地区的;
And clearly, with what's going on with fossil fuel usage , or when -- as the fossil fuel is going away, as oil hits its peak , oil -- you know, we really have to start thinking about whether or not we should, or could, be moving food 1,500 miles before we eat it.	毋庸置疑, 随着化石燃料的不断消耗和油价的持续飙升, 是时候开始思考我们把食物从1500英里以外运送过来的这种做法是否是可行的。
fossil fuel:n.化石燃料(如煤或石油); usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的; whether or not:是否…;
So we talked to kids about that, and we really start to feed kids regional food.	因此,我们和孩子们交流探讨这种现象, 并且开始让孩子们食用本地出产的食物。
And then we talk about organic food.	现在,我们来谈一谈有机食品。
organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
Now, most school districts can't really afford organic food, but we, as a nation, have to start thinking about consuming , growing and feeding our children food that's not chocked full of chemicals .	目前,大部分校区负担不起有机食品, 但我们,作为一个国家, 必须开始考虑把消费、种植和给孩子们提供不含有化学物质的食品摆在我们的议事日程上。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式); chocked:v.楔住;用楔子垫阻(chock的过去分词); chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
We can't keep feeding our kids pesticides and herbicides and antibiotics and hormones .	我们不能让孩子们再继续摄入杀虫剂除草剂、抗生素和激素了。
pesticides:n.[农药]农药;[农药]杀虫剂(pesticide的复数); herbicides:n.[农药]除草剂;除锈剂(herbicide的复数); antibiotics:n.抗菌素;抗生素(如青霉素);(antibiotic的复数) hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数);
We can't keep doing that.	我们不能再那样做。
You know, it doesn't work.	这样做是行不通的。
And the results of that are kids getting sick.	这样做的结果是孩子们的身体将会变得越来越糟糕。
One of my big soapboxes right now is antibiotics.	现在我想着重谈一谈抗生素。
soapboxes:n.肥皂盒;肥皂箱;临时表演台;adj.街头演说的;
70 percent of all antibiotics consumed in America is consumed in animal husbandry .	在美国,百分之七十的抗生素用于畜牧业。
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) animal husbandry:n.畜牧业;
We are feeding our kids antibiotics in beef and other animal protein every day.	孩子们每天都从牛肉和其它动物蛋白中摄取抗生素。
protein:n.蛋白质;
70 percent -- it's unbelievable .	百分之七十,不可思议的数字。
unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
And the result of it is we have diseases .	结果将导致疾病。
diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
We have things like E. coli that we can't fix, that we can't make kids better when they get sick.	我们面临着像大肠杆菌这样无法攻克的难题, 当孩子们生病感染,我们却束手无策。
coli:n.大肠杆菌;
And, you know, certainly antibiotics have been over-prescribed, but it's an issue in the food supply.	抗生素的滥用不仅仅是医学界的现象, 同时也是食品供应中出现的问题。
One of my favorite facts is that	我可以举一个很好的例子,
US agriculture uses 1.2 billion pounds of pesticides every year.	美国农业每年要消耗12亿磅的杀虫剂。
That means every one of us and our children consumes what would equal a five-pound bag -- those bags you have at home -- if I had one here and ripped it open, and that pile I would have on the floor	这就意味着我们每个人以及我们的孩子要消耗大约5磅重的袋装农药, 就跟我们平时家里常用的袋子那么大,假设我现在手头有这样的一个袋子, 并且把它撕开, 把里面的东西摊在地上,
consumes:v.消耗,耗费;吃;喝;饮;使充满(强烈的感情);(consume的第三人称单数) pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置;
is what we consume and feed our children every year because of what goes into our food supply, because of the way we consume produce in America.	这就是我们自己和我们的孩子们每年摄入的农药量。导致这一切的原因是因为流入我们食品供应环节中的农产品, 以及我们摄取农产品的方式。
The USDA allows these antibiotics, these hormones and these pesticides in our food supply, and the USDA paid for this ad in Time magazine.	美国农业部为我们食品供应环节中流入的抗生素、激素和杀虫剂开了绿灯, 并且还为时代杂志上的这则广告买单。
Okay, we could talk about Rachel Carson and DDT, but we know it wasn't good for you and me.	好,那我们现在来谈谈蕾切尔·卡逊和滴滴涕, 我们知道,滴滴涕对我们每个人都是有害的。
And that is what the USDA allows in our food supply.	但这却是美国农业部在食品供应中允许的物质。
And that has to change, you know.	这点必须要改变。
The USDA cannot be seen as the be all and end all of what we feed our kids our kids and what's allowed.	我们再也不能把美国农业部的相关规定视为我们给孩子们吃什么以及哪些物质被允许摄入的权威。
be all and end all:顶尖的,最好的;
We cannot believe that they have our best interests at heart.	我们不相信他们的心里存有我们的最大利益。
The antithesis of this whole thing is sustainable food.	与之相反的是可持续性食物。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
That's what I really try and get people to understand.	这也是我试图让人们了解的。
I really try and teach it to kids -- I think it's the most important.	我想把它灌输给孩子们-我认为这是最重要的一点。
It's consuming food in a way in which we'll still have a planet in which kids will grow up to be healthy, and which really tries to mitigate all the negative impacts we're seeing.	在这种可持续性食物的作用下, 我们的地球不会消亡, 孩子们将健康成长, 并且能够缓解我们所遭受的一切负面的影响。
mitigate:vt.使缓和,使减轻;vi.减轻,缓和下来; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
It really is just a new idea.	这完全是一个全新的理念。
I mean, people toss around sustainability , but we have to figure out what sustainability is.	我的意思是人们总是谈论到可持续性, 但是我们必须搞清楚可持续性到底是什么。
toss:v.扔,抛,掷;甩(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;摇匀;n.掷硬币决定;向上甩头;投掷 sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
In less than 200 years, you know, just in a few generations, we've gone from being 200 -- being 100 percent, 95 percent farmers to less than 2 percent of farmers.	在不到200年的时间里,仅仅几代人的时间, 我们农民的比例数从 100%下降到95%, 直到不足2%。
We now live in a country that has more prisoners than farmers -- 2.1 million prisoners, 1.9 million farmers.	现在我们生活在一个囚徒比农民的数量还要多的国家, 210万囚徒,190万农民。
And we spend 35,000 dollars on average a year keeping a prisoner in prison and school districts spend 500 dollars a year feeding a child.	平均一年我们花在狱中一个囚徒身上的钱达到35000美元而校区每年却只花费500美元给一个孩子提供膳食。
It's no wonder, you know, we have criminals.	也难怪犯罪分子层出不穷了。
(Laughter)	（笑）
And what's happening is, we're getting sick -- we're getting sick and our kids are getting sick.	随之出现的是,我们的身体越来越差我们和我们的孩子都将被疾病所困扰。
It is about what we feed them.	这和我们为孩子们提供的食物有关。
What goes in is what we are.	我们摄入的食物是什么样我们就会变成什么样。
We really are what we eat.	摄入的食物和我们休戚相关。
And if we continue down this path, if we continue to feed kids bad food, if we continue not to teach them what good food is, what's going to happen? You know, what is going to happen?	如果我们继续沿着这条老路走下去, 如果我们继续为我们的孩子提供劣质食物, 如果我们不教给他们什么是对健康有益的食物, 将会发生什么呢？你们知道将会发生什么吗？
What's going to happen to our whole medical system?	我们的整个医疗系统将会受到什么样的影响？
What's going to happen is, we're going to have kids that have a life less long than our own.	随之而来的是, 我们的下一代的寿命将会比我们这一代更短。
The CDC -- the Center for Disease Control -- has said, of the children born in the year 2000 -- those seven- and eight-year-olds today -- one out of every three Caucasians,	据疾病防控中心（CDC）的统计数据显示, 在2000年出生的新生儿人群中, （这些孩子现在大多7-8岁左右）每三个白种人,
one out of every two African-Americans and Hispanics , are going to have diabetes in their lifetime.	每两个非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人中就会有一个孩子患上糖尿病。
Hispanics:n.西班牙裔; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
And if that's not enough, they've gone on to say, most before they graduate high school.	如果这还不足以引起警惕的话,疾病防控中心进一步表明, 糖尿病多出现在这些孩子们高中毕业之前。
This means that 40 or 45 percent of all school-aged children could be insulin-dependent within a decade -- within a decade.	这就意味着40%或45%的学龄儿童将会在未来的十年间对胰岛素产生依赖。
school-aged:学龄期的;
What's going to happen?	将会发生些什么呢？
Well, the CDC has gone further to say that those children born in the year 2000 could be the first generation in our country's history to die at a younger age than their parents.	好吧,疾病防控中心还说了, 那些2000年出生的孩子可能会成为我们国家历史上首代寿命短于他们父辈的一代人。
first generation:adj.出生在美国的;原件第一代;
And it's because of what we feed them.	这都要归功于我们提供给他们的食物。
Because eight-year-olds don't get to decide, and if they do, you should be in therapy .	因为八岁大的孩子还没有决定权, 如果他们有权决定的话,他们会送你去看心理医生。
therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
You know, we are responsible for what kids eat.	我们有责任去决定孩子该吃些什么。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
But oops, maybe they're responsible for what kids eat.	但是,或许现在这成了这些大财团们的事,
Big companies spend 20 billion dollars a year marketing non-nutrient foods to kids.	大财团每年要花掉200亿美元投入在给孩子们吃的垃圾食品的广告费上。
20 billion dollars a year. 10,000 ads most kids see.	200亿美元,能使大多数孩子们一年看到10000个垃圾食品广告。
They spend 500 dollars for every one dollar -- 500 dollars marketing foods that kids shouldn't eat -- for every one dollar marketing healthy, nutritious food.	他们投入500美元去为那些价值1美元的垃圾食品做广告。广告上那些垃圾食品被描述成有益健康,营养丰富的食物, 但实际上,这些是对孩子们有害的。
nutritious:adj.有营养的,滋养的;
The result of which is kids think they're going to die if they don't have chicken nuggets .	这样做的结果将会对孩子们产生误导, 鸡块成了他们不可或缺的食物。
nuggets:n.丹佛掘金(nugget的复数);金砖;
You know, that everybody thinks they should be eating more and more and more.	大家都觉得孩子们应该尽可能多的多吃。
This is the USDA portion size, that little tiny thing.	大家看到的这是美国农业部规定的份量,很小一份。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分);
And the one over there that's bigger than my head is what McDonalds and Burger King and those big companies think we should eat.	图那边的是麦当劳和汉堡王里出售的份量, 甚至比人的脑袋还大。这些大财团认为我们就应该吃这么多。
And why can they serve that much?	可是为什么他们提供的份量可以那么多呢？
Why can we have 29-cent big gulps and 99-cent double burgers ?	为什么我们可以买到售价29美分的大杯饮料和99美分的双层汉堡呢？
gulps:vt.狼吞虎咽地吃;大口地吸;vi.哽住;喘不过气;n.一大口(尤指液体);吞咽; burgers:n.汉堡包(burger的复数);
It's because of the way the government commodifies food, and the cheap corn and cheap soy that are pushed into our food supply that makes these non-nutrient foods really, really cheap.	原因是政府在食品商品化过程中所采取的手段, 以及流入我们食品供应环节中的廉价的玉米和大豆。正是这些原因,使得这些垃圾食品的价格非常低廉。
Which is why I say it's a social justice issue.	所以说为什么在一开始我把这称之为一件关乎社会公平的大事。
Now I said I'm doing this in Berkeley, and you might think, "Oh, Berkeley. Of course you can do it in Berkeley."	现在当我跟你们说我在伯克利做的这件事,你们就会想, “噢,伯克利,那可是个好地方,在伯克利当然你可以这么做。”
Well, this is the food I found 24 months ago.	好吧,这是我在两年前看到的食品。
This is not even food.	这简直就不能被称之为食品。
This is the stuff we were feeding our kids -- Extremo Burritos , corn dogs, pizza pockets, grilled cheese sandwiches.	这就是我们给我们的孩子们吃的玩意儿-Extremo墨西哥玉米煎饼、炸热狗串、披萨馅饼和烤芝士三文治。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: Burritos:n.墨西哥卷,墨西哥卷饼;(burrito的复数形式) grilled:adj.装有栅格的; v.烧烤; (grill的过去分词和过去式)
Everything came in plastic, in cardboard .	这些东西都用塑料袋封好,装在纸箱子里。
cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的;
The only kitchen tools my staff had was a box cutter .	员工仅有的一件厨房用具是一个纸箱切割刀。
cutter:n.刀具,切割机;切割者;裁剪者;
The only working piece of equipment in my kitchen was a can crusher , because if it didn't come in a can, it came frozen in a box.	厨房里唯一的一样设备是一个易拉罐压扁机,因为他们要么是以罐装的形式运过来, 要么就是以冷冻箱的形式运过来。
crusher:n.打击;[食品]压碎机;压碎的东西;镇服人的事实;
The USDA allows this.	这就是美国农业部许可的。
The USDA allows all of this stuff.	美国农业部对所有这些都开了绿灯。
In case you can't tell, that's, like, pink Danish and some kind of cupcakes .	也许你不能完全分辨得出,例如 pink Danish 和某些杯形糕饼的区别。
Danish:adj.丹麦的;丹麦人的;丹麦语(文)的;n.丹麦语; cupcakes:n.纸杯蛋糕(cupcake的复数);
Chicken nuggets, Tater Tots , chocolate milk with high fructose , canned fruit cocktail -- a reimbursable meal.	鸡块、炸土豆泥、加了高浓度果糖的巧克力牛奶、什锦水果罐头-共同组成了一顿廉价的午餐。
Tater:n.马铃薯(等于potato); Tots:n.小孩;小玻璃杯(tot的复数);v.把…加起来;合计(tot的单三形式); fructose:n.[有化]果糖;左旋糖; fruit cocktail:n.(罐装)什锦水果; reimbursable:adj.可补偿的;可收回的;
That's what the government says is okay to feed our kids.	这就是政府为什么允许它们进入孩子们餐盘的原因。
It ain't okay. You know what? It is not okay.	这样做是不行的。你们知道吗？这样做是不行的。
And we, all of us, have to understand that this is about us -- that we can make a difference here.	我们,我们所有人, 必须了解, 这是和我们休戚相关的- 我们可以让这一切发生改变。
make a difference:有影响,有关系;
Now I don't know if any of you out there invented chicken nuggets, but I'm sure you're rich if you did.	此刻,我不知道在座的人中是否有人发明了鸡块, 但我可以肯定,如果你们发明了鸡块就一定会很有钱。
But whoever decided that a chicken should look like a heart, a giraffe, a star?	又是谁决定了鸡应该长什么样, 心形,长颈鹿形,或是星形？
whoever:任何人:无论是谁:
Well, Tyson did, because there's no chicken in the chicken.	泰森公司做到了,因为鸡块里压根没有鸡。
And that they could figure it out that we could sell this stuff to kids.	他们也许会断定我们会把这些玩意儿推销给孩子们。
You know, what's wrong with teaching kids that chicken looks like chicken?	其实,告诉孩子们鸡长得就是鸡样有什么错呢？
But this is what most schools serve.	大多数学校都把这些食物提供给孩子们。
In fact, this may be what a lot of parents serve -- as opposed to this -- is what we try and serve.	事实上,有很多家长也是这么做的我们尝试做的恰恰和这相反。
opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
We really need to change this whole paradigm with kids and food.	我们的确需要改变孩子与食物的整个模式。
paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表;
We really have to teach children that chicken is not a giraffe.	我们必须教给孩子鸡不是长颈鹿。
You know, that vegetables are actually colorful -- that they have flavor , that carrots grow in the ground, that strawberries grow in the ground.	蔬菜是富有色彩的,同时也是有味道的。胡萝卜生长在泥土里, 草莓生长在泥土里。
flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于; strawberries:n.草莓;(strawberry的复数)
There's not a strawberry tree or a carrot bush .	世界上不存在草莓树或者胡萝卜灌木。
strawberry:n.草莓 bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的;
You know, we have to change the way we teach kids about these things.	我们必须改变我们灌输给孩子们这些知识的方式。
There's a lot of stuff we can do. There's a lot of schools doing farm-to-school programs. There's a lot of schools actually getting fresh food into schools.	我们可以做的有很多。有许多学校开展了从农场到学校的活动。有许多学校的的确确把让新鲜的食物进入了校园。
Now in Berkeley, we've gone totally fresh.	目前在伯克利,可以说我们的所有食物全部是新鲜的。
We have no high-fructose corn syrup , no trans fats, no processed foods.	我们不供应含高浓度果糖的玉米糖浆、不提供反式脂肪、不提供加工食品。
corn syrup:n.玉米糖浆; trans:n.反;转移;超越;变化 processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词)
We're cooking from scratch every day.	我们每天烹饪时不用现成酱料或半成品食物。
from scratch:白手起家;从头做起;
We have 25 percent of our --	有25%......
(Applause)	(鼓掌)
thank you -- 25 percent of our stuff is organic and local. We cook.	谢谢大家。我们25%的原材料都是当地有机的。我们是真正意义上的烹调。
Those are my hands. I get up at 4 a.m.	这是我的双手。我每天清晨四点起床,
every day and go cook the food for the kids, because this is what we need to do.	为孩子们准备早餐, 因为这是我有责任要做的。
We can't keep serving kids processed crap , full of chemicals, and expect these are going to be healthy citizens.	我们不能再继续给孩子们吃那些加工过的垃圾, 化学物质充斥其中, 还指望着我们的孩子会长大成为健康的公民。
crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎;
You're not going to get the next generation or the generation after to be able to think like this if they're not nourished .	你也别再指望你的下一代或者下下代像我们一样进行思考了, 我是说如果他们继续食用这些垃圾食品的话。
nourished:v.抚养;养育;培养,助长(情绪、观点等);(nourish的过去分词和过去式)
If they're eating chemicals all the time, they're not going to be able to think.	如果他们还继续食用这些有害的化学物质, 那么他们将会丧失思考的能力。
They're not going to be smart.	他们将会越来越笨。
You know what? They're just going to be sick.	你知道吗？这样下去他们只会患上疾病。
Now one of the things that -- what happened when I went into Berkeley is I realized that, you know, this was all pretty amazing to people -- very, very different -- and I needed to market it.	来到伯克利后,我发觉人们对我们所做的一切充满了惊奇, 这和他们以往的做法有很大不同,我感到有责任去推广我们的做法。
I came up with these calendars that I sent home to every parent.	我制作了这些日历,并且把它们发放到每家每户的家长手里。
calendars:n.日历;挂历;日程表;记事本;(calendar的复数)
And these calendars really started to lay out my program.	从这个日历里可以了解到我们的整个活动计划。
Now I'm in charge of all the cooking classes and all the gardening classes in our school district.	现在我负责教授我们校区范围内所有的烹饪课程和园艺课程。
in charge of:负责;主管;
So this is a typical menu -- this is what we're serving this week at the schools.	这是一个颇具代表性的菜单上面写有本周学校供应的食物。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
And you see these recipes on the side?	你们注意到旁边这些食谱了吗？
recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
Those are the recipes that the kids learn in my cooking classes.	在烹饪课堂上我会把这些食物的做法教给孩子们。
They do tastings of these ingredients in the gardening classes.	在园艺课上,孩子们可以品尝各种各样新鲜的蔬果。
tastings:n.品尝会;(tasting的复数) ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
They also may be growing them. And we serve them in the cafeterias.	孩子们还可以亲手种植蔬果。我们的食堂为孩子们提供这些新鲜的食物。
If we're going to change children's relationship to food, it's delicious, nutritious food in the cafeterias.	如果我们打算改变孩子们和食堂里提供的这些既美味又有营养的食物的关系的话,
Hands-on experience -- you're looking in cooking and gardening classes -- and academic curriculum to tie it all together.	那么你们在烹饪和园艺课堂上所看见的实际动手操作和课堂上的理论知识两者必须结合起来。
Hands-on:adj.亲身实践的,亲自动手的; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
Now you've probably garnered that I don't love the USDA, and I don't have any idea what to do with their pyramid -- this upside down pyramid with a rainbow over the top , I don't know.	听我讲了这么多,大家也可能知道我对美国农业部不怎么感冒了, 他们制定出的金字塔让我匪夷所思。我搞不明白倒金字塔上为什么有一道彩虹。
garnered:v.获得,得到,收集(信息、支持等);(garner的过去分词和过去式) upside down:adj.颠倒的;乱七八糟的; rainbow:n.彩虹 over the top:adj.过多的;言过其实的;夸大其词的;
You know, run up in to the end of the rainbow,	从底部一直到彩虹的末端,
I don't know what you do with it. So, I came up with my own.	我不知道你们是怎么看的。我设计了一个我的金字塔。
This is available on my website in English and Spanish, and it's a visual way to talk to kids about food.	你们在我的网站上也可以找到,使用了英语和西班牙语两种语言。它借助了视觉手段来给孩子们讲述食物。
visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
The really tiny hamburger, the really big vegetables.	小份的汉堡和大颗的蔬菜。
We have to start changing this.	我们必须让这一切发生改变。
We have to make kids understand that their food choices make a big difference.	我们必须要让孩子们知道, 选择什么样的食物是非常重要的事情。
We have cooking classes -- we have cooking classrooms in our schools, and why this is so important is that we now have grown a generation, maybe two, of kids where one out of every four meals	我们开设了烹饪课,在学校里我们还设置了专门的烹饪教室。这些对我们而言意义重大的原因是我们清楚的知道我们在养育一代人, 或者两代人,这些孩子们每四顿饭就有一顿是在快餐店里解决的,
is eaten in fast food , one of every four meals is eaten in a car and one out of every last four meals is eaten in front of a TV or computer.	另一顿是在车里吃的, 还有一顿是在电视机前或者电脑前完成的。
fast food:adj.供应快餐的;n.快餐食品;
What are kids learning? Where is the family time?	孩子们学到了什么呢？我们的家庭时间到哪里去了呢？
Where is socialization ? Where is discussion?	没有社会交往,也没有交流讨论,
socialization:n.社会化,社会主义化;
Where is learning to talk?	这样下去,孩子们将不知道如何去与人交谈。
You know, we have to change it.	我们必须要改变这一切。
I work with kids a lot. These are kids I work with in Harlem .	我的工作总离不开孩子。这些是我在Harlem工作时遇到的几个孩子。
Harlem:n.黑人住宅区(纽约的);
EATWISE -- Enlightened and Aware Teens Who Inspire Smart Eating.	EATWISE,是这群倡导科学饮食的开明的青少年的称呼。
Enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式) Teens:n.十多岁,十几岁;青少年; Inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
We have to teach kids that Coke and Pop Tarts aren't breakfast.	我们有必要让孩子们知道, 可乐和小烘饼这些都不能称之为早餐。
Tarts:n.挞(tart的复数);果馅饼;
We have to teach kids that if they're on a diet of refined sugar, they go up and down, just like if they're on a diet of crack .	我们要让孩子们知道如果他们长期食用精制糖的话, 就会像长期食用可卡因一样坐立不安。
on a diet:节食; refined:adj.精制的; v.精炼; crack:v.使破裂;打开;变声;n.裂缝;声变;噼啪声;adj.最好的;高明的;
And we have to pull it all together. We have composting in all of our schools.	在我们的校园里有堆肥制造装置。
composting:n.堆肥化;堆制肥料;v.把…做成堆肥(compost的ing形式);
We have recycling in all of our schools.	也有再循环系统。
recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词);
You know, the things that we maybe do at home and think are so important, we have to teach kids about in school.	你知道吗,这些我们在家里也会做, 并认为很重要的事, 我们在学校里也有必要教给孩子。
It has to be so much a part of them that they really get it.	这些仅仅只是孩子们需要了解的一部分, 他们需要学习的还有很多很多。
Because you know what, many of us are sort of at the end of our careers , and we need to be giving these kids -- these young kids, the next generation -- the tools to save themselves and save the planet.	因为我们中的大多数人都处于我们职业生涯的末年, 我们有责任给与这些孩子们, 年轻人以及下一代拯救自己以及拯救地球的工具。
careers:n.职业(career的复数);事业;职业生涯;v.全速前进(career的三单形式);
One of the things I do a lot is public-private partnerships .	我还经常参与公共私人伙伴关系的合作。
partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数)
I work with private companies who are willing to do R&D with me, who are willing to do distribution for me, who are really willing to work to go into schools.	我和一些私人公司打交道, 他们很乐意与我们合作从事科研开发, 以及为我们进行宣传, 他们也很乐意把他们的事业拓展到校园。
distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
Schools are underfunded .	大多数的学校面临资金不足的难题。
underfunded:adj.资金不足的;v.对…提供的资金不足(underfund的过去分词);
Most schools in America spend less than 7,500 dollars a year teaching a child.	美国的大部分学校一年花在一个孩子上的教育经费开支不足7500美元。
That comes down to under five dollars an hour.	折合每小时不足5美金。
Most of you spend 10, 15 dollars an hour for babysitters when you have them.	大多数人每小时花费10美元、15美元去雇佣钟点工照看小孩。
babysitters:n.临时照顾幼儿者;
So we're spending less than 5 dollars an hour on the educational system.	而我们的教育系统投入在孩子身上的钱每小时不足五美元。
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
And if we're going to change it, and change how we feed kids, we really have to rethink that.	如果我们要改变现状, 改变我们给孩子提供膳食的方式的话, 我们必须要好好的进行反思。
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
So, public and private partnerships, advocacy groups, working with foundations .	我们看到那些公共私人合作伙伴、倡导组织正在和基金会一同齐心协力地试图改变现状。
advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
In our school district, the way we afford this is our school district allocates .03 percent of the general fund towards nutrition services. And I think if every school district allocated a half to one percent, we could start to really fix this program.	在我们校区, 我们的经费来源是校区的拨款。仅占到整个营养膳食部门不指定用途资金的0.03%。我想如果每个校区都拨款0.5%-1%, 这项计划就可以顺利进行。
allocates:分配;分派; allocated:v.拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);(allocate的过去式和过去分词)
We really need to change it.	我们必须要改变现状。
It's going to take more money.	我们还需要更多的资助。
Of course it's not all about food -- it's also about kids getting exercise.	当然,这不光和食物有关, 还和孩子们的运动量有一定联系。
And one of the simple things we can do is put recess before lunch.	一个简单易行的做法是把课间休息放在午餐前进行。
recess:n.休会;休庭;壁橱;隐蔽处;v.休会;暂停;把…放进壁橱;将…嵌入墙壁;
It's sort of this "duh" thing.	听起来像是很傻。
You know, if you have kids coming into lunch and all they're going to do when they get out of lunch is go to have recess, you see them just throw away their lunch so they can run outside.	但是你想想,如果你准备让孩子们吃午餐孩子们一想到午餐过后就可以休息, 你会看到他们直接把餐盘往旁边一甩,就跑出去玩去了。
throw away:adj.信口开河的;用后可扔的;n.废品;
And then at one in the afternoon, they're totally crashing.	到了中午一点,他们已经累得精疲力尽。
These are your children and grandchildren that are totally melting down when you pick them up because they haven't had lunch.	由于孩子们没有吃午饭, 当你接孩子放学的时候,你会看到他们一个个无精打采。
melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词)
So if the only thing they'd have to do after lunch is go to class, believe me, they're going to sit there and eat their lunch.	因此,午餐过后唯一能让孩子们做的事就是上课, 相信我,孩子们一定会乖乖地坐下来吃完他们的午餐的。
We need to -- we need to educate.	我们必须要我们必须要进行教育。
We need to educate the kids.	我们必须要对孩子进行教育。
We need to educate the staff.	我们必须要对员工进行教育。
I had 90 employees.	在我手下有90名员工。
Two were supposed to be cooks -- none could.	有两个本应当做厨师的,却没有做成。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And, you know, I'm not that better off now.	大家都知道,我们的资金并不充裕。
But we really have to educate.	但是教育这件事不能松懈。
We have to get academic institutions to start thinking about ways to teach people how to cook again, because, of course, they don't -- because we've had this processed food in schools and institutions for so long.	我们得让那些学术机构想法子重新教给人们科学烹调的方法, 因为他们从未想过去这么做, 这是由于在学校和一些教育机构里人们长期食用加工食品所导致的。
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
We need 40-minute lunches -- most schools have 20-minute lunches -- and lunches that are time-appropriate.	我们的午餐时间需要达到40分钟大多数学校的午餐时间只有20分钟我们还需要选择恰当的时间进餐。
There was just a big study done, and so many schools are starting lunch at nine and 10 in the morning -- that is not lunchtime.	刚进行的一项重要研究显示,大多数学校选择在早上九点至十点开始午餐这并不是午餐时间。
You know, it's crazy, it's crazy what we're doing.	要知道,我们所做的一切太荒唐了。
And just remember, at very least tacitly, this is what we're teaching children as what they should be doing.	我们应该默默地记住这一点, 至少在我们的心里, 这就是我们教给孩子们的告诉他们应该做的事情。
I think if we're going to fix this, one of the things we have to do is really change how we have oversight over the National School Lunch Program.	如果我们想要改变现状的话, 我们要做的事情之一就是改变我们对全国学校午餐计划的监督方式。
oversight:n.疏忽;忽略;失察;负责;照管;
Instead of the National School Lunch Program being under the USDA,	而不是让全国学校午餐计划处于美国农业部的监管之下,
I think it should be under CDC.	我认为应该由传染病防治中心来进行监管。
If we started to think about food and how we feed our kids as a health initiative , and we started thinking about food as health, then I think we wouldn't have corn dogs as lunch.	如果我们以健康为出发点来考虑饮食以及我们喂养孩子的方式, 如果我们从健康的角度来探讨食物, 那么我们的午餐餐盘里就不会出现炸热狗串这样的垃圾食物了。
initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的;
Okay, Finance 101 on this, and this -- I'm sort of wrapping it up with this finance piece, because I think this is something we all have to understand.	财政基础学科里谈到了这样或者那样的内容, 最后我想用一些财政数字来结束我的发言, 因为我觉得有必要让大家了解这些。
Finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; wrapping:n.包装材料;包装纸;v.包,裹(礼物等);用…包裹;(wrap的现在分词)
The National School Lunch Program spends 8 billion dollars feeding 30 million children a year.	全国学校午餐计划每年花费80亿美元为3千万孩子提供服务。
That number probably needs to double.	这个数字恐怕要翻倍。
People say, "Oh my God, where are we going to get 8 billion?"	人们会问,“噢,天啊,我们上哪去弄80亿？”
In this country, we're spending 110 billion dollars a year on fast food.	在我们国家,我们每年在快餐上的消费高达 1100亿美元。
We spend 100 billion dollars a year on diet aids.	每年在减肥辅助品上的消费高达 1000亿美元。
We spend 50 billion dollars on vegetables, which is why we need all the diet aids.	我们在蔬菜上的消费却只有500亿美元, 这就是我们为什么需要那么多减肥辅助品的原因。
We spend 200 billion dollars a year on diet-related illness today, with nine percent of our kids having type 2 diabetes -- 200 billion.	每年我们2000亿美元用于治疗肥胖引起的疾病, 9%的孩子患有二型糖尿病 2000亿美元。
So you know what, when we talk about needing 8 billion more, it's not a lot.	你们现在可以明白了,当我们说到还需要80亿美元的时候,其实这也并不是什么大数字。
That 8 billion comes down to two dollars and 49 cents -- that's what the government allocates for lunch.	80亿美元最后分解为2美元49美分这是政府在每份午餐上投入的经费。
Most school districts spend two-thirds of that on payroll and overhead .	大部分校区把其中的三分之二用于工资支出和管理费用。
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地; payroll:n.工资单; overhead:n.开销;经常费用;经常开支;adj.头上方的;地面以上的;adv.在头上方;在空中
That means we spend less than a dollar a day on food for kids in schools -- most schools 80 to 90 cents. In LA, it's 56 cents.	这就意味这我们每天真正用于提供午餐上的支出不足一美元大部分学校是80至90美分。在洛杉矶,这个数字是56美分。
So we're spending less than a dollar, OK, on lunch.	这样看来,我们在午餐上的花费还不足一美元。
Now I don't know about you, but I go to Starbucks and Pete's and places like that, and Venti latte in San Francisco is five dollars.	我不知道你们的消费标准是什么样的, 但我在旧金山去星巴克,Pete*s这样一类的餐馆吃饭, 或者点一大杯拿铁咖啡的价格是五美元。
Starbucks:n.星巴克(咖啡店名); Venti:n.超大杯;法国梵迪珠宝; latte:n.热牛奶咖啡,拿铁咖啡;
One gourmet coffee, one, is more -- we spend more on than we are spending to feed kids for an entire week in our schools.	一杯极品咖啡的价格会更贵。在我们的学校里, 平均一周, 我们自己花在午餐上的钱比我们花在孩子身上的钱要多得多。
gourmet:n.美食家;菜肴精美的;
You know what? We should be ashamed .	你知道吗,我们应该为此感到羞耻。
ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿;
We, as a country, should be ashamed at that -- the richest country.	我们,作为一个国家, 应该为此感到羞耻。这个世界上最富饶的国家。
In our country, it's the kids that need it the most, who get this really, really lousy food.	在我们国家, 孩子最需要健康的午餐, 而他们现在却吃着垃圾食品。
lousy:adj.非常糟的;极坏的;恶劣的;
It's the kids who have parents and grandparents and uncles and aunts that can't even afford to pay for school lunch that gets this food.	正是这些有着爸爸妈妈、爷爷奶奶、叔叔阿姨的孩子他们甚至付不起学校提供的垃圾午餐。
And those are the same kids who are going to be getting sick.	还是这些孩子, 他们的身体越来越差。
Those are the same kids who we should be taking care of.	还是这些孩子,他们需要我们的照顾。
We can all make a difference -- that every single one of us, whether we have children, whether we care about children, whether we have nieces or nephews, or anything -- that we can make a difference.	我们都可以做点什么我们中的每一个人都可以, 不论我们自己是否有孩子, 不论我们是不是喜欢孩子,不论我们有没有侄女或是侄子, 不论怎么样我们都可以尽自己的一份力量。
Whether you sit down and eat a meal with your kids, whether you take your kids, or grandchildren, or nieces and nephews shopping to a farmers' market -- just do tastings with them.	无论当你坐下来和你的孩子们一起吃饭的时候, 还是带着你的孩子,或是孙子, 抑或是侄子侄女去农夫市场采购的时候,陪他们一起品尝一下食物的美味吧。
Sit down and care.	只需要坐下来,用心地陪一陪孩子。
And on the macro level, we're in what seems to be a 19-month presidential campaign, and of all the things we're asking all of these potential leaders, what about asking for the health of our children? Thank you.	从宏观上看, 我们正处于为期19个月的总统选举期, 当我们提问给这些总统候选人时, 不妨也请大家多多关注一下儿童健康的问题。谢谢。
macro:adj.巨大的,大量的;n.宏,巨(计算机术语); presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Thank you.	谢谢大家。

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