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AnindyaKundu_2017S-_学生克服障碍所需要的推动力_
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| So, I teach college students about inequality and race in education, and I like to leave my office open to any of my students who might just want to see me to chat. |
我教导大学生关于教育中的 不平等以及种族议题, 我会把我的办公室 开放给我任何一个学生, 就算只是想来找我聊聊都很欢迎。 |
| And a few semesters ago, one of my more cheerful students, Mahari, actually came to see me and mentioned that he was feeling a bit like an outcast because he's black. |
几学期之前, 我最快活的学生之一,马哈里, 竟然来找我, 他提到,他觉得 因为他是黑人而被排挤。 |
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semesters:n.学期(semester的复数); cheerful:adj.快乐的;愉快的;高兴的; outcast:n.流浪的人;被驱逐的人;adj.被遗弃的;无家可归的;被逐出的;
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| He had just transferred to NYU from a community college on a merit scholarship , and turns out, only about five percent of students at NYU are black. |
他刚从社区大学转学到纽约大学, 他靠的是榮誉奖学金, 结果, 在纽约大学中 只有 5% 的学生是黑人。 |
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transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) community college:n.社区中学;社区学院 merit:n.价值;优点;功绩;美德;v.值得;应得; scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就;
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| And so I started to remember that I know that feeling of being an outsider in your own community. |
于是,我开始想起, 我知道在自己的社区中 身为外人的感觉。 |
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outsider:n.外人;无取胜希望者;
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| It's partially what drew me to my work. |
这是导致我做这份工作的部份原因。 |
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partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地;
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| At my university, |
在我的大学中, |
| I'm one of the few faculty members of color, and growing up, I experienced my family's social mobility , moving out of apartments into a nice house, but in an overwhelmingly white neighborhood . |
我是少数的有色人种教职员之一, 在成长过程中,我经历了 我家庭的社会地位变动, 搬出公寓,搬进好房子, 但却是在一个非常白人的邻里中。 |
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faculty:n.科,系;能力;全体教员; mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; overwhelmingly:adv.压倒性地;不可抵抗地; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
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| I was 12, and kids would say that were surprised that I didn't smell like curry . |
我当时十二岁, 孩子们会说他们很意外 我闻起来竟然不像咖哩。 |
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curry:vt.用咖喱烧,给…加咖喱粉;梳刷;鞭打;n.咖哩粉,咖喱;咖哩饭菜;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| That's because school is in the morning, and I had Eggo waffles for breakfast. |
那是因为上学时间是早上, 而我早餐吃的是 Eggo 鬆饼。 |
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waffles:n.华夫饼; v.胡扯; (waffle的第三人称单数和复数)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Curry is for dinner. |
咖哩要到晚餐才吃。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So when Mahari was leaving, |
所以当马哈里要离开时, |
| I asked him how he was coping with feeling isolated . |
我问他,他如何处理被隔离的感受。 |
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coping:n.墙压顶;v.(成功地)对付,处理;(cope的现在分词) isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
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| And he said that despite feeling lonely, he just threw himself at his work, that he built strategies around his grit and his desire to be successful. |
他说,尽管感到孤独, 他就让自己埋头工作, 为他的毅力和想要成功的欲望 建立起策略。 |
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despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数) grit:v.研磨;在…上铺砂砾;咬紧牙关;摩擦作声;n.粗砂,粗砂石;勇气;决心;
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| A mentor of mine is actually Dr. Angela Duckworth, the psychologist at UPenn who has defined this stick-to-itiveness of grit as being "the perseverance and passion for long-term goals." |
我的导师之一是 安琪拉达克沃斯博士, 宾州大学的心理学家, 她将坚忍不拔的毅力定义为 「对长期目标的坚持不懈及热情。」 |
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mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导; psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
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| Angela's book has become a bestseller , and schools across the country, particularly charter schools, have become interested in citing "grit" as a core value. |
安琪拉的书畅销热卖, 全国的学校、 特别是公立学校, 都变得很想要引用「毅力」 作为一个核心价值。 |
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bestseller:n.畅销书;畅销书作者;畅销商品(等于bestseller); particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; charter:n.章程; v.包租(飞机、船等); citing:v.提及(原因);列举;引用;传唤;(cite的现在分词) core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
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| But sometimes grit isn't enough, especially in education. |
但有时,光有毅力并不够, 特别是在教育中。 |
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especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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| So when Mahari was leaving my office, |
所以当马哈里离开我的办公室, |
| I worried that he might need something more specific to combat the challenges that he mentioned to me. |
我担心他可能需要更明确的东西, 来对抗那些他跟我提及的挑战。 |
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specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
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| As a sociologist , I also study achievement, but from a slightly different perspective . |
身为社会学家,我也研究成就, 但会从稍微不同的观点切入。 |
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sociologist:n.社会学家; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
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| I research students who have overcome immense obstacles related to their background. |
我研究的学生, 是克服了与他们背景相关的 巨大障碍的学生。 |
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overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; obstacles:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;(obstacle的复数形式)
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| Students from low-income, often single-parent households , students who have been homeless, incarcerated or perhaps undocumented , or some who have struggled with substance abuse or lived through violent or sexual trauma . |
有些来自低收入户, 通常都是单亲家庭, 有些曾经无家可归、被监禁过、 或也许是没有身份证明文件的, 有些因为曾经滥用药物而在挣扎, 或是经历过暴力或性创伤。 |
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households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数); incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词) undocumented:adj.无事实证明的;无正式文件的; struggled:v.奋斗;努力;争取;艰难地行进;抗争;(struggle的过去式和过去分词) substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
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| So let me tell you about two of the grittiest people I've met. |
让我告诉各位关于 两位我见过最有毅力的人。 |
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grittiest:adj.坚韧不拔的;砂多的;砂砾的;(grittiest是gritty的最高级);
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| Tyrique was raised by a single mother, and then after high school, he fell in with the wrong crowd. |
泰瑞克是被单亲妈妈扶养长大的, 高中之后,他遇到了不好的朋辈。 |
| He got arrested for armed robbery . |
他因为武装抢劫而被捕。 |
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robbery:n.盗窃;抢劫;掠夺;
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| But in prison, he started to work hard. |
但在监狱中,他开始努力。 |
| He took college credit courses, so when he got out, he was able to get a master's, and today he's a manager at a nonprofit . |
他上大学的学分课程, 所以出狱时,他拿到了硕士学位, 现在他是一间非营利机构的经理。 |
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nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的;
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| Vanessa had to move around a lot as a kid, from the Lower East Side to Staten Island to the Bronx . |
凡妮莎小时候常常搬家, 从纽约下东城,搬到史泰登岛, 再搬到布朗克斯区。 |
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move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转; Staten:n.斯塔恩(岛); Bronx:n.布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的一区);布朗克斯鸡尾酒;
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| She was raised primarily by her extended family , because her own mother had a heroin addiction . |
她主要是由她的亲戚养大的, 因为她的母亲有海洛因毒瘾。 |
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primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; extended family:n.家族; heroin:n.[药][毒物]海洛因,吗啡; addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
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| Yet at 15, |
但在十五岁时, |
| Vanessa had to drop out of school, and she had a son of her own. |
因爲她有了孩子,凡妮莎休学了。 |
| But eventually , she was able to go to community college, get her associate's, then go to an elite college to finish her bachelor's. |
但最终,她得以进入社区大学, 取得副学士学位, 接着进入一所菁英大学, 取得她的学士学位。 |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于; elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
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| So some people might hear these stories and say, "Yes, those two definitely have grit. |
有些人听到这些故事可能会说: 「是,这两个人的确有毅力。 |
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definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
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| They basically pulled themselves up by the bootstraps ." |
他们基本上靠自己的 努力改善了处境。」 |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上; bootstraps:n.[计]引导程序,辅助程序;解靴带;
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| But that's an incomplete picture, because what's more important is that they had factors in their lives that helped to influence their agency , or their specific capacity |
但那并非实际完整的状况。 因为更重要的是, 他们的人生中有些因子, 协助影响了他们的动力、 或他们的特定的能力, |
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incomplete:n.未完成;adj.不完整的;不完全的;不完善的; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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| to actually overcome the obstacles that they were facing and navigate the system given their circumstances . |
让他们能真的克服他们面对的障碍, 并以他们的情况在体制中力争上游。 |
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navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
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| So, allow me to elaborate . |
让我进一步解释。 |
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elaborate:adj.精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的;v.精心制作;详细描述;变复杂;
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| In prison, Tyrique was actually aimless at first, as a 22-year-old on Rikers Island. |
泰瑞克,这为囚居 赖克斯岛监狱的 22 岁青年, 一开始其实毫无目标。 |
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aimless:adj.没有目标的;无目的的;
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| This is until an older detainee took him aside and asked him to help with the youth program. |
直到一位老囚犯把他拉到一旁, 请他协助一个青年专案。 |
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detainee:n.未判决囚犯;被扣押者;
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| And in mentoring youth, he started to see his own mistakes and possibilities in the teens . |
在指导青年的过程, 他开始看见他自己在十多岁时 犯的错误以及可能性。 |
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mentoring:n.导师;顾问;v.指导;做…的良师;(mentor的现在分词) teens:n.十多岁,十几岁;青少年;
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| This is what got him interested in taking college-credit courses. |
这让他开始想要去 上大学的学分课程。 |
| And when he got out, he got a job with Fortune Society, where many executives are people who have been formerly incarcerated. |
他出狱后, 在 Fortune Society 得到一份工作, （译注:非营利组织名称） 在那里,许多主管以前都有坐过牢。 |
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Fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生 executives:n.经理,主管领导,管理人员;领导层;行政部门(executive的复数) formerly:adv.以前;原来;
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| So then he was able to get a master's in social work , and today, he even lectures at Columbia about prison reform . |
所以他得以取得社工的硕士学位, 现在,他甚至在哥伦比亚大学 教授关于监狱改革的课。 |
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social work:n.社会工作; reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善;
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| And Vanessa ... |
至于凡妮莎…… |
| well, after the birth of her son, she happened to find a program called Vocational Foundation that gave her 20 dollars biweekly , a MetroCard and her first experiences with a computer. |
在她的儿子出生后, 她刚好找到一个职训专案, 叫 Vocational Foundation, 给了她每两周 $20、 一张地铁卡、 以及她用电脑的初体验。 |
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Vocational:adj.职业的,行业的; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; biweekly:adj.两周一次的;每周两次的;n.双周刊;adv.两周一次地;每周两次地; MetroCard:捷运卡;纽约地铁票;
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| These simple resources are what helped her get her GED, but then she suffered from a very serious kidney failure, which was particularly problematic because she was only born with one kidney. |
这些简单的资源协助她取得 高中等级学历证明（GED）, 但接着她遭受到很严重的肾衰竭, 她出生时只有一个肾, 因此这对她来说特别麻烦。 |
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resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); kidney:n.[解剖]肾脏;腰子;个性; problematic:adj.问题的;有疑问的;不确定的;
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| She spent 10 years on dialysis waiting for a successful transplant . |
她花了十年洗肾,等待成功的移植。 |
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dialysis:n.[医][分化]透析;[分化]渗析; transplant:v.移植;迁移;使移居;n.移植;移居者;
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| After that, her mentors at community college had kept in touch with her, and so she was able to go, and they put her in an honors program. |
那之后, 她在社区大学的导师 一直和她保持联络, 所以她得以进学校, 他们将她安排到榮誉课程中。 |
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mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数); kept in touch with:保持联系;
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| And that's the pathway that allowed her to become accepted to one of the most elite colleges for women in the country, and she received her bachelor's at 36, setting an incredible example for her young son. |
那是在一所全国数一数二的 菁英女子大学录取她之前, 她所走过的路, 她在 36 岁时取得学士学位, 为她的儿子做了一个好榜样。 |
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pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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| What these stories primarily indicate is that teaching is social and benefits from social scaffolding . |
这些故事主要点出的重点是, 教学是社会性的, 受惠于社会框架支持。 |
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indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示; scaffolding:n.脚手架;搭脚手架的材料;
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| There were factors pushing these two in one direction, but through tailored mentorship and opportunities, they were able to reflect on their circumstances and resist negative influences . |
的确有些因子将这两个人 推向一个方向, 但透过量身订作的引导和机会, 他们才得以反省他们的处境, 并抗拒负面的影响。 |
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mentorship:n.导师制,辅导教师;师徒制; reflect on:仔细考虑,思考;反省;回想,回顾;怀疑; resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝; influences:n.影响; v.影响;
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| They also learned simple skills like developing a network, or asking for help -- things many of us in this room can forget that we have needed from time to time , or can take for granted . |
他们也学会了简单的技能, 像是开发网路、 或是寻求协助。 在座各位可能已经忘记, 我们偶尔都会需要幫助, 或已把它视为理所当然。 |
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from time to time:不时,有时; take for granted:认为…理所当然;
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| And when we think of people like this, we should only think of them as exceptional , but not as exceptions. |
当我们想想像这样的人, 我们只该将他们想成是 特殊的,而非例外。 |
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exceptional:adj.异常的,例外的;n.超常的学生;
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| Thinking of them as exceptions absolves us of the collective responsibility to help students in similar situations. |
将他们视为例外,是让我们卸责, 免除协助类似学生的集体责任。 |
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absolves:vt.免除;赦免;宣告…无罪; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
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| When Presidents Bush , Obama and now even Trump , have called education "the civil rights issue of our time," |
总统布希、欧巴马、 甚至现在的川普, 都把教育称为是 「我们时代的公民权利议题」, |
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Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败; civil rights:na.公民权;
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| perhaps we should treat it that way. |
也许我们该这样看待它。 |
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treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
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| If schools were able to think about the agency that their students have and bring to the table when they push them, what students learn can become more relevant to their lives, and then they can tap into those internal reservoirs of grit and character. |
如果学校能想想 他们的学生有什么动力, 并在推他们一把时提供意见, 那么学生所学的 就能对其生活更有重要性, 那么他们就能将内在储藏的 毅力和品格拿出来用。 |
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relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; reservoirs:n.[水利]水库(reservoir的复数);
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| So this here -- |
这里的这位是── |
| My student Mahari got accepted to law school with scholarships , and not to brag , but I did write one of his letters of recommendation . |
我的学生马哈里, 他得到奖学金,被法学院录取, 不是要誇耀, 但他的推荐信之一是我写的。 |
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scholarships:n.奖学金;学问;学术;学术研究;(scholarship的复数) brag:n.吹牛,自夸;v.吹牛,自夸; recommendation:n.推荐;介绍;提议;正式建议;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And even though I know hard work is what got him this achievement, |
虽然我知道是努力 让他有这样的成就, |
| I've seen him find his voice along the way, which as someone who's grown up a little bit shy and awkward , |
我看到他在这条路上 找到自己的声音, 但他在成长过程中是个 有点害羞且笨拙的人, |
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awkward:adj.尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的;
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| I know it takes time and support. |
我知道这的确需要时间和支持。 |
| So even though he will rely a lot on his grit to get him through that first-year law school grind , |
虽然他将要很仰赖他的毅力, 来幫他渡过法学院苦学的第一年, |
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rely:vi.依靠;信赖; grind:v.磨碎;磨快;n.磨;苦工作;
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| I'll be there as a mentor for him, check in with him from time to time, maybe take him out to get some curry ... |
我会在这里,扮演他的导师, 偶尔看看他的状况, 也许带他出去吃点咖哩…… |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| so that he can keep growing his agency to succeed even more. |
让他能够持续进一步发展 朝成功前进的动力。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |