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AniLiu_2016X-_气味自拍和其他人工生物学实验_
What if our plants could sense the toxicity levels in the soil and express that toxicity through the color of its leaves? 如果我们的植物 能够感觉到土壤中的毒性强弱, 并通过叶子的颜色来表示毒性强弱。
What if:如果…怎么办? toxicity:n.[毒物]毒性; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
What if those plants could also remove those toxins from the soil? 如果这些植物还能够把毒素从土壤中移除？
toxins:n.[毒物]毒素,毒质;毒素类(toxin的复数);
Instead, what if those plants grew their own packaging, or were designed to only be harvested by their owners' own patented machines? 或者,如果那些植物 生长自己的包装, 或者只能被所有者的专利机器收割。
patented:adj.专利的;
What happens when biological design is driven by the motivations of mass-produced commodities ? 当生物设计是被大批量产品所驱使 事情会是怎样？
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机; mass-produced:adj.大量生产的,大批生产的; commodities:n.商品(commodity的复数);日用品;商品期货;
What kind of world would that be? 那样的世界会是怎么样？
My name is Ani, and I'm a designer and researcher at MIT Media Lab, where I'm part of a relatively new and unique group called Design Fiction, where we're wedged somewhere between science fiction and science fact. 我的名字是安妮,我是MIT媒体实验室的一个设计师和研究人员, 我是新成立的组织“虚构设计”的一员, 我们挤在科幻和科学之间。
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; wedged:adj.楔形的;v.锲入(wedge的过去式和过去分词); science fiction:科幻小说;
And at MIT, I am lucky enough to rub shoulders with scientists studying all kinds of cutting edge fields like synthetic neurobiology , artificial intelligence , artificial life and everything in between. 在MIT,我很幸运能够和在最先进领域 像人工神经学、人工智能、人工生活 等等等等领域研究的科学家比肩。
rub:n.擦;抹;搓;揉;v.擦;磨;搓;(使)相互磨擦; cutting edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物; neurobiology:n.神经生物学; artificial intelligence:n.人工智能;
And across campus , there's truly brilliant scientists asking questions like, "How can I make the world a better place?" 校园里,有很多聪明的科学家 问像“我们如何让世界变的更好？”这样的问题。
campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地;
And part of what my group likes to ask is, "What is better?" 我的团队喜欢问的,是“什么是更好？”
What is better for you, for me, for a white woman, a gay man, a veteran , a child with a prosthetic ? “更好”对于你,对于我, 对于一个白人女士,一个同性恋男人, 一个退役军人,一个有假体的孩子是什么？
veteran:n.老兵; adj.(尤指军事方面)老练的; prosthetic:adj.假体的;非朊基的;
Technology is never neutral . 科技永远都不是中性的。
Technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
It frames a reality and reflects a context . 它搭建现实的框架, 反射社会背景。
frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数); reflects:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;(reflect的第三人称单数) context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Can you imagine what it would say about the work-life balance at your office if these were standard issue on the first day? 你能够想象如果这是你工作第一天的常见问题, 你在办公室的生活和工作的平衡会是怎样的吗？
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
(Laughter)
I believe it's the role of artists and designers to raise critical questions. 我相信是艺术家和设计师的责任, 来提出批判性问题。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Art is how you can see and feel the future, and today is an exciting time to be a designer, for all the new tools becoming accessible . 艺术是你能够看见和感受未来的方式, 现在成为一个设计师是很激动人心的, 因为新的工具变的容易获取。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
For instance , synthetic biology seeks to write biology as a design problem. 比如,人工生物学 把生物学变成一个设计学。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; seeks:v.寻求;寻找;探索;搜索;
And through these developments, my lab asks, what are the roles and responsibilities of an artist, designer, scientist or businessman? 通过这些发展, 我的实验室问:作为一个艺术家、设计师、科学家或者商人 的角色和责任？
What are the implications of synthetic biology, genetic engineering , and how are they shaping our notions of what it means to be a human? 人工生物学、基因工程的含义是什么？ 以及它们是如何改变我们作为人类的概念？
implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数); genetic engineering:n.基因工程;遗传工程(学); notions:n.观念(notion的复数);小商品;
What are the implications of this on society, on evolution and what are the stakes in this game? 这对我们的社会、进化论的影响是什么？ 这其中有哪些利害关系
evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; stakes:n.桩; v.以…打赌,拿…冒险;
My own speculative design research at the current moment plays with synthetic biology, but for more emotionally driven output . 我的现在的臆想设计实验 和人工生物学有关, 但是更和情感的表达有关。
speculative:adj.投机的;推测的;思索性的; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; output:n.(人、机器、机构的)产量;输出;输出功率;输出量;v.输出;
I'm obsessed with olfaction as a design space, and this project started with this idea of what if you could take a smell selfie , a smelfie? 我痴迷于对气味的设计, 这个项目开始于一个主意: 如果你能够有一个气味自拍？
obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词) olfaction:n.嗅觉; selfie:n.自拍照;
(Laughter) （笑声）
What if you could take your own natural body odor and send it to a lover ? 如果你能够提取你的自然体味 并发给一个爱人？
odor:n.气味;名声; lover:n.爱好者;情侣;热爱者;
Funny enough, I found that this was a 19th century Austrian tradition, where couples in courtship would keep a slice of apple crammed under their armpit during dances, and at the end of the evening, 很好笑的是,我发现在19世纪这是一个澳大利亚的传统, 情侣在求爱期会在跳舞时 把一片苹果放在他们的腋下, 在晚上快结束时,
courtship:n.求爱;求婚;求爱期; slice:n.片; v.切成片; (很容易地)切开; crammed:adj.塞满的;挤满的;v.把…塞进;挤满;塞满;(cram的过去分词和过去式) armpit:n.腋窝;
the girl would give the guy she most fancied her used fruit, and if the feeling was mutual , he would wolf down that stinky apple. 女孩会把用过的水果送给她最喜欢的男孩 如果感情是相互的, 他会吃掉那个有气味的苹果。
fancied:adj.空想的;虚构的;受喜爱的;被特别爱好的; mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; stinky:adj.发恶臭的;n.全景雷达;环视雷达站;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Famously , Napoleon wrote many love letters to Josephine, but perhaps amongst the most memorable is this brief and urgent note: "Home in three days. Don't bathe ." 拿破仑给约瑟芬写了一份情书, 但是可能情书中最值得记住的是这个简短迫切的话: “三天内到家。不要洗澡。”
Famously:adv.著名地;极好地; amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); memorable:adj.显著的,难忘的;值得纪念的; urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; bathe:v.用水清洗(尤指身体部位); n.(在海、河等中的)游泳;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Both Napoleon and Josephine adored violets . 拿破仑和约瑟芬都喜欢紫罗兰。
violets:紫罗兰(violet的复数形式);
Josephine wore violet-scented perfume , carried violets on their wedding day, and Napoleon sent her a bouquet of violets every year on their anniversary. 约瑟芬用紫罗兰味道的香水, 在婚礼当天戴紫罗兰花, 拿破仑每年在纪念日 都会送她一束紫罗兰。
perfume:n.香水;香味;v.洒香水于…;使…带香味; bouquet:n.花束;酒香;
When Josephine passed away, he planted violets at her grave , and just before his exile , he went back to that tomb site , picked some of those flowers, entombed them in a locket and wore them until the day he died. 当约瑟芬去世的时候, 他在她的坟墓上种了紫罗兰, 在他被驱逐前, 他回到她的坟墓, 捡起一些花朵,放在项链坠内 并戴到他去世的那一天。
grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记; exile:n.流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯;v.放逐,流放;使背井离乡; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; entombed:vt.埋葬(entomb的过去式); locket:n.小盒;小盒式吊坠;
And I found this so moving, 我觉得这非常感人,
I thought, could I engineer that violet to smell just like Josephine? 我想,我能够改变那朵紫罗兰,让它闻起来像约瑟芬吗？
What if, for the rest of eternity , when you went to visit her site, you could smell Josephine just as Napoleon loved her? 如果,在未来, 你去拜访她的坟墓, 你能够闻到约瑟芬,就像拿破仑那样爱她吗？
eternity:n.来世,来生;不朽;永世;
Could we engineer new ways of mourning , new rituals for remembering? 我们能够创造吊唁的新方式, 新的记忆的仪式吗？
mourning:n.伤逝;哀悼;丧服;v.哀悼,忧伤;(mourn的现在分词)
After all, we've engineered transgenic crops to be maximized for profit , crops that stand up to transport , crops that have a long shelf life , crops that taste sugary sweet but resist pests, sometimes at the expense of nutritional value. 毕竟我们已经创造了转基因庄稼, 来最大化收益, 能够承受住运输的庄稼, 有长保质期的庄稼, 吃起来很甜但是抵抗害虫的庄稼, 有的时候以营养价值为代价。
transgenic:adj.转基因的;基因改造的; maximized:v.最大化(maximize的过去式); profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益; stand up to:经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对; transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放; shelf life:n.最佳食用日期; sugary:adj.含糖的;甜的;糖状的;甜言蜜语的; resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; at the expense of:以…为代价;由…支付费用; nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的;
Can we harness these same technologies for an emotionally sensitive output? 我们能够有同样的科技,为了情感的表达吗？
harness:vt.治理; n.马具; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人;
So currently in my lab, 所以现在在我的实验室里,
currently:adv.当前;一般地;
I'm researching questions like, what makes a human smell like a human? 我在研究像 “什么让人类闻起来像人类？”这样的问题。
And it turns out it's fairly complicated . 结果,这挺复杂的。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
Factors such as your diet, your medications , your lifestyle all factor into the way you smell. 你的饮食,你的药物和你的生活方式等等因素 都影响你的气味。
Factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; medications:n.药;药物;(medication的复数)
And I found that our sweat is mostly odorless , but it's our bacteria and microbiome that's responsible for your smells, your mood , your identity and so much beyond. 我发现我们的汗绝大多数是无味的, 但是是我们的细菌和微生物 产生了我们的气味、我们的心情、 我们的身份等等。
odorless:adj.没有气味的; bacteria:n.[微]细菌; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
And there's all kinds of molecules that you emit but which we only perceive subconsciously . 你释放出非常多种分子 被我们无意间接收。
molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数); emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等); perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为; subconsciously:adv.潜意识地;
So I've been cataloging and collecting bacteria from different sites of my body. 所以我一直在分类和收集 我身体不同部分的细菌。
cataloging:n.图书编目;目录; sites:n.网站(site的复数);遗址,举办地点;v.使...位于(site的单三形式);
After talking to a scientist, we thought, maybe the perfect concoction of Ani is like 10 percent collarbone , 30 percent underarm , 40 percent bikini line and so forth, and occasionally I let researchers from other labs take a sniff of my samples. 在与一个科学家的谈话后,我们想, 安妮最好的混合体可能是 10%的锁骨,30%的腋下, 40%比基尼线等等, 偶尔,我让其他实验室的研究人员 闻闻我的样本。
concoction:n.混合;调合;调合物; collarbone:n.锁骨; underarm:adj.腋下的;低手的;adv.用低手; bikini line:n.比基尼线(指比基尼泳裤边缘外露的一圈皮肤和阴毛); occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数) sniff:v.嗅;闻;用力吸;发觉;n.吸,闻;气味;以鼻吸气;
And it's been interesting to hear how smell of the body is perceived outside of the context of the body. 身体的气味是如何在身体外被接收的 一直让我觉得有兴趣。
perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词)
I've gotten feedback such as, smells like flowers, like chicken, like cornflakes , like beef carnitas. 我听过反馈, 像闻起来像花朵,像鸡, 像脆玉米片, 像墨西哥玉米牛肉卷。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; cornflakes:n.玉米片(cornflake的复数);
(Laughter) （笑声）
At the same time , I cultivate a set of carnivorous plants for their ability to emit fleshlike odors to attract prey , in an attempt to kind of create this symbiotic relationship between my bacteria and this organism . 同时,我种植了一系列食肉植物, 因为他们能够释放像动物一样的气味来吸引猎物, 创造这种共生的关系, 在我的细菌和这个生物之间。
At the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作; carnivorous:adj.食肉的;肉食性的; odors:气味;名声(odor的复数); prey:n.猎物;受害者;受骗者;v.折磨;掠夺;捕食(on,upon);损害(on,upon); in an attempt to:力图;试图;企图; symbiotic:adj.[生态]共生的;共栖的; organism:n.生物;有机体;有机组织;(尤指)微生物;
And as it so happens, I'm at MIT and I'm in a bar, and I was talking to a scientist who happens to be a chemist and a plant scientist, and I was telling him about my project, and he was like, "Well, this sounds like botany for lonely women." 当这发生的时候,我在MIT,我在一个酒吧里, 我在和一个科学家说话, 他正好是一个化学家和植物学家, 我在跟他说关于我的项目, 他回答:“好吧,这听起来像是一个孤独的女人的园艺。”
chemist:n.化学家;药剂师;药房;化学师; botany:n.植物学;地区植物总称;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Unperturbed , I said, "OK." 镇定地,我说:“好吧。”
Unperturbed:adj.镇定的;平静的;未受到扰乱的;
I challenged him. 我挑战了他,
'"Can we engineer a plant that can love me back?" “我们能改造一个植物,让它回应我的爱吗？”
And for some reason, he was like, "Sure, why not?" 他回答:“当然,为什么不呢？”
So we started with, can we get a plant to grow towards me like I was the sun? 所以我们以“能否让一个植物朝我生长”开始, 就好像我是太阳一样。
And so we're looking at mechanisms in plants such as phototropism, which causes the plant to grow towards the sun by producing hormones like auxin, which causes cell elongation on the shady side. 所以我们查找植物的机制,比如趋光性, 它让植物向太阳生长, 通过分泌像生长素一样的荷尔蒙, 这能够引起在阴暗处的细胞生长。
mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学; hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数); elongation:n.伸长;伸长率;延伸率;延长; shady:adj.背阴的;阴凉的;多阴的;成荫的;
And right now I'm creating a set of lipsticks that are infused with these chemicals that allow me to interact with a plant on its own chemical signatures — 现在,我在创造一套唇膏, 能够和这些化学成分融合, 使我和一株有自己独特化学标志——唇膏的植物互动,
lipsticks:n.口红;唇膏(lipstick复数); infused:灌输; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; signatures:n.签名;鲜明特征(signature的复数);
lipsticks that cause plants to grow where I kiss it, plants that blossom where I kiss the bloom . 能够使我亲吻的那部分植物生长, 在我亲吻处开花。
blossom:n.花朵,花簇;v.开花;变得更加健康(或自信、成功); bloom:v.盛开;开花;繁殖;繁盛;n.水华;风华正茂;霜;青春;
And through these projects, 通过这些项目,
I'm asking questions like, how do we define nature? 我问问题,像 “我们如何定义自然？”
define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
How do we define nature when we can reengineer its properties, and when should we do it? 我们如何定义自然,当我们可以重建它的特点？ 什么时候我们应该付诸行动？
reengineer:vt.再设计;重新建造;再设法处理;
Should we do it for profit, for utility ? 我们应该以盈利还是效用为目的？
utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
Can we do it for emotional ends? 我们能够为感情需求做什么吗？
Can biotechnology be used to create work as moving as music? 生物科技能否被用来创造动作或者音乐作品？
biotechnology:n.[生物]生物技术;[生物]生物工艺学;
What are the thresholds between science and its ability to shape our emotional landscape ? 科学和改变我们情绪的门槛在哪里？
thresholds:n.阈值;[建]门槛;临界值值(threshold的复数); landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
It's a famous design mantra that form follows function. 形态和功能是设计最出名的颂歌。
mantra:n.咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的);颂歌;
Well, now, wedged somewhere between science, design and art 挤在科学、设计和艺术之间,
I get to ask, what if fiction informs fact? 我不得不问, 如果虚幻启发现实,会怎样？
informs:v.通知:通告:了解:熟悉(inform的第三人称单数))
What kind of RD lab would that look like and what kind of questions would we ask together? 那样的研究与开发实验室会是什么样子？ 我们应该一起问怎样的问题？
We often look to technology as the answer, but as an artist and designer, 我们通常认为科技是答案, 但是作为一个艺术家和设计师,
I like to ask, but what is the question? 我喜欢问问题,但是问题是什么？
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）