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AngelicqueWhite_2019S-_海洋微生物揭露了什么关于气候变迁的资讯？_-
I'm a biological oceanographer . 我是生物海洋学家。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; oceanographer:n.海洋学家;海洋研究者;
I have the absolute privilege of studying microbial lives in the Pacific Ocean. 我拥有研究太平洋的 微生物生命的这份殊榮。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; microbial:adj.微生物的;由细菌引起的;
So we'll talk about microbes in a minute, but I first want to give you a sense of place, a sense of scale . 我们马上就会来谈微生物, 但我想要先让大家对地点、 规模有点概念。
microbes:n.细菌,[微]微生物;微生物类(microbe的复数形式); scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
The Pacific Ocean is our largest, deepest ocean basin . 太平洋是我们最大、 最深的海洋盆地。
basin:n.水池;流域;盆地;盆;
It covers 60 million square miles. 它的范围有六千万平方英里。
If you took all the continents and you put them together in a little Pangaea 2.0, they'd fit snug inside the Pacific, with room to spare . 如果把所有的大陆都拿来 拼成盘古大陆 2.0, 你可以很轻鬆把它放入 太平洋中,空间还有剩。
continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数); Pangaea:n.[海洋]泛大陆;盘古大陆; snug:adj.舒适的; vt.使变得温暖舒适; vi.偎依; n.舒适温暖的地方; spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件;
It's a massive ecosystem , from the blues of the open ocean to the green of the continental margins . 它是个很大的生态系统, 从大洋的蓝色, 到大陆边缘的绿色。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; ecosystem:n.生态系统; continental:adj.大陆的;大陆性的;n.欧洲人; margins:n.边缘; v.给…镶边; (margin的复数)
In this place, 在这个地方,
I get to study the base of the food web: plankton . 我可以研究食物网的基础: 浮游生物。
plankton:n.浮游生物(总称);
Now, in my research, and really in the field of microbial oceanography as a whole , there's a theme that has emerged , and that theme is "change." 在我的研究中, 同时也是在微生物海洋学的 整个领域当中, 有一个新兴的主题, 那个主题就是「改变」。
in the field of:在…方面,在…领域; oceanography:n.海洋学; as a whole:总的来说; emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式)
These microbial ecosystems are changing in real and measurable ways, and it is not that hard to see it. 这些微生物生态系统的改变 是真实的、可测量的, 而且不难看见。
ecosystems:n.生态系统(ecosystem的复数); measurable:adj.可测量的;重要的;重大的;
Oceans cover 70 percent of our planet, so ocean change is planetary change, and it all starts with microbes. 地球表面有 70% 被海洋覆盖, 所以,海洋改变就是地球改变, 且一切改变都始于微生物。
planetary:adj.行星的;
Now, I have two vignettes to share with you, and these are meant to be love stories to microbes. 我有两个小插曲要跟各位分享, 对微生物来说,它们 本来应该是爱情故事。
vignettes:n.小插曲; v.用花饰装饰;
But I'll be honest that there's an aspect of it that's just a total bummer , and, beware , focus on the love. 但,我要老实说,在某个层面上, 可能你会觉得很扫兴。 注意,把焦点放在爱上面。
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; bummer:n.懒汉;游手好闲的人;吸食迷幻药的反效果; beware:v.小心;提防;
Right? That's where I'm coming from. 好吗？那才是我要谈的。
So the first thing to know is that the forests of the sea are microbial. 所以,要知道的第一点是: 海洋中的森林就是微生物。
And what I mean by that is that, by and large , plants in the open ocean are microscopic , and they are much more abundant than we realize. 我这么说的意思是,大体上, 海洋中的植物只能 从显微镜里看到。 它们的数量比我们 所知道的还要大量。
by and large:大体上,总的来说; in the open:在户外;在野外; microscopic:adj.微观的;用显微镜可见的; abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产;
So I'm going to show you some mug shots of these organisms that I've collected over the years. 我要给各位看的是 我这些年来收集的 一些有机体的特写照片。
mug:n.指圆筒形;啤酒杯;(非正式)傻瓜;(非正式)脸;v.抢劫;做鬼脸; organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体;
These are the lowest rungs of the ocean food web. 它们是海洋食物网的最底层。
rungs:n.[建]梯级(rung的复数形式);
These are tiny plants and animals that come in a variety of shapes and sizes and colors and metabolisms . 它们是微小的植物和动物, 有各种不同的形状、大小、 颜色、新陈代谢。
variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; metabolisms:n.[生理]新陈代谢;
There are hundreds of thousands in a single milliliter of seawater . 在一毫升海水中就有数十万个。
milliliter:n.毫升; seawater:n.海水;
You are definitely swimming with them when you're in the ocean. 当你在海洋中时, 它们绝对和你一起游泳。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
They produce oxygen, they consume CO2, and they form the base of the food web on which every other form of ocean life is reliant . 它们产生氧气,消耗二氧化碳, 它们是食物网的基础, 所有其他形式的海洋生命 都赖以生存。
consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; reliant:adj.依赖的;可靠的;信赖的;
Now, I've spent about 500 days of my scientific life at sea, and a lot more in front of a computer or in the lab, so I feel compelled to tell you some of their stories. 我的科学人生中有大约 五百天的时间是花在海洋上的, 更多时间则花在 电脑前或实验室中, 所以我觉得我一定要 告诉各位一些它们的故事。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; compelled:v.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应);(compel的过去分词和过去式)
Let's start in the Pacific Northwest . 咱们从太平洋西北地区开始。
Northwest:adj.西北的;来自西北的;n.西北;adv.在西北;来自西北;
This place is green. It is beautiful. 这个地方是绿色的。很美丽。
These are blooms of phytoplankton that you can see from space along the West Coast of the United States. 从太空可以看见 这些浮游植物藻华, 延着美国西岸沿岸分布。
blooms:n.花朵(bloom的复数);[生态]水华;v.开花(bloom的三单形式); phytoplankton:n.[植]浮游植物(群落); West Coast:n.美国西海岸(尤指加利福尼亚州); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
It's an incredibly productive ecosystem. 这是个非常有生产力的生态系统。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
This is where you go to salmon fish, halibut fish, whale watch. 在这里可以钓鲑鱼、 钓大比目鱼、赏鲸。
salmon:n.鲑鱼;大马哈鱼;鲑肉色;鲑鱼肉;橙红色,粉橙色;adj.浅澄色的; halibut:n.[鱼]大比目鱼(复数halibut);
It's a beautiful part of our country. 我们国家的这部分十分美丽。
And here, for 10 years, among other things, 我在这里花了十年的时间, 做的其中一件事情是,
I studied the uplifting topic of harmful algal blooms. 我研究有害藻华 这个让人振奋的主题。
uplifting:adj.令人振奋的;使人开心的; algal:adj.海藻的;
These are blooms of toxin-producing phytoplankton that can contaminate food webs and accumulate in shellfish and fish that are harvested for human consumption . 这些是会产生毒性的 浮游植物藻华, 可能会污染食物网, 并在甲壳类和鱼类体内堆积, 之后被人类捕获食用。
contaminate:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德); accumulate:vi.累积;积聚;vt.积攒; shellfish:n.甲壳类动物;贝类等有壳的水生动物; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
We were trying to understand why they bloom, where they bloom, when they bloom, so we could manage these harvests and protect human health. 我们想要试图了解为什么 会发生藻华、在哪里发生、 何时发生, 这样我们才能管理捕获, 以保护人类健康。
Now, the problem is the ocean's a moving target and, much like some people in our lives, toxicity varies among the plankton. 问题是,海洋是个移动的目标, 如同我们生活中的一些人,
toxicity:n.[毒物]毒性; varies:n.多重复合;v.使不同;改变;违背(vary的三单形式);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Alright? 对吧？
So, to get around these challenges, we combined satellite remote sensing with drones and gliders , regular sampling of the surf zone and a lot of time at sea in small boats off the Oregon coast. 为了解决这些困难, 我们结合了卫星遥测 与无人机和滑翔机, 经常在碎波带抽样, 并花很多时间坐小船待在 奥勒岗海岸外的海上。
get around:到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面; remote sensing:遥感; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数) gliders:n.[航]滑翔机(glider的复数);滑行者; surf:v.冲浪;进行冲浪运动;(互联网上)浏览;n.激浪;拍岸浪花; Oregon:n.俄勒冈州(美国州名);
And I don't know if many of you have had the opportunity to do that, but it is not easy. 我不知道在座有多少人 有机会做这种事, 但这并不轻鬆。
[Even oceanographers get seasick] 〔就连海洋学家也会晕船〕
oceanographers:n.海洋学家;海洋研究者;
Here's some poor students. 这些是可怜的学生。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I've hidden their faces to protect their identities . 我把他们的脸埋起来 以保护他们的身分。
identities:n.身份;本身;本体;特征;同一性;相同;(identity的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
This is a challenging place. 这地方很有挑战性。
So this is hard-won data I'm about to talk about, OK? 所以我要谈的是 辛苦得来的资料,好吗？
hard-won:adj.来之不易的;难得的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So by combining all of our data with our collaborators , we had 20-year time series of toxins and phytoplankton cell counts. 把我们的资料和我们的 合作伙伴结合之后, 我们得到了关于毒素和浮游植物 细胞数目的二十年时间序列资料。
collaborators:n.[劳经]合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数); series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; toxins:n.[毒物]毒素,毒质;毒素类(toxin的复数);
And that allowed us to understand the patterns of these blooms and to build models to predict them. 这些资料让我们了解 这些藻华的模式, 并建立模型来预测藻华。
predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
And what we found was that the risk of harmful algal blooms was tightly linked to aspects of climate. 我们发现, 有害藻华的风险和气候面向 有很密切的关联性。
tightly:adv.紧紧地;坚固地; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
Now when I say "climate," I don't mean weather day-to-day , 我说的「气候」并不是天天 改变的天气,而是长期的改变。
day-to-day:adj.日常的;逐日的;
I mean long-term changes.
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
These oscillations that you may have heard of -- the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, El Ni?o -- they usually bring warm, dry winters to this region , but they also reduce the strength of the California Current, 各位可能听过这些振荡—— 太平洋十年振荡,圣婴现象—— 它们通常会为这个区域 带来温暖、干燥的冬季, 但它们也会降低 加利福尼亚洋流的强度,
oscillations:n.[力]振动;振幅(oscillation的复数形式); region:n.地区;范围;部位;
which runs from the north to the south along the Pacific Northwest, and they warm the coastal ocean. 该洋流延着太平洋 西北地区从北向南流, 将沿岸海洋暖化。
coastal:adj.沿海的;海岸的;
These are the reds you're seeing in this plot , warm anomalies , strong positive indices of the PDO. 就是这张图上标示红色的区域, 温暖异常,是太平洋十年期 振荡强正相位指标。
plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); anomalies:n.异常现象,反常现象(anomaly复数形式); positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; indices:n.目录(index的复数);
And when we have these changes in circulation and changes in temperature, the risk of harmful algal blooms is increased, but also salmon recruitment has decreased , and we see intrusions of invasive species like green crab . 当环流发生这些改变, 温度发生改变, 产生有害藻华的风险就会增加, 但鲑鱼捕获量也会减少, 我们看见侵略性物种 如青蟹的入侵。
circulation:n.流通,传播;循环;发行量; recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵; decreased:v.减少,减小,降低;(decrease的过去分词和过去式) intrusions:[地质]侵入体; invasive:adj.侵略性的;攻击性的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; crab:n.蟹;螃蟹;蟹肉;阴虱病;v.捕蟹;用爪抓;使侧航;使斜行;
So these are ecological and economic impacts of climate. 这些是气候带来的 生态及经济冲击。
ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
Now, if our models are right, the frequency and severity of these events are only going to get worse, right along with these warm anomalies. 如果我们的模型正确, 这些事件的频率和严重性 只会越来越糟, 这些温暖异常也是一样。
frequency:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁; severity:n.严重;严格;猛烈;
And, to illustrate that, 2014 was probably one of the worst harmful algal blooms in Oregon history. 让我来说明这一点, 2014 年可能是奥勒岗史上 有害藻华状况最严重的一年。
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
It was also the hottest year in the modern climate record at that time, that is until 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018. 该年也是当时的现代 气候记录中最热的一年, 直到 2015 年, 2016 年, 2017 年,2018 年。
In fact, the five hottest years in the modern climate record have been the last five. 事实上,现代气候 记录中最热的五年 就是过去五年。
That bodes really well for harmful algal blooms and poorly for ecosystem health. 那是个兆头,预示了 有害藻华的出现 以及生态系统健康的恶化。
bodes:vt.预示;为…的兆头;vi.预示;v.停留;继续;遭到(bide的过去式);
Now, you may not care about shellfish, but these changes impact economically important fisheries , like crab and salmon, and they can impact the health of marine mammals like whales. 你可能不在乎甲壳类动物, 但这些改变冲击到 在经济上十分重要的渔業, 比如螃蟹和鲑鱼, 牠们可能会冲击到 海洋哺乳类的健康,如鲸鱼,
economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; fisheries:n.渔业;渔场(fishery的复数);捕鱼术;渔业公司; marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数)
And that might matter a little bit more. 那可能就更重要些了。
That might resonate . 你们可能有共鸣。
resonate:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
So, there's your doomsday tale for the margins of the Pacific. 所以,这就是太平洋 边缘的世界末日故事。
doomsday:n.世界末日;最后的审判日;
Actually, these are really resilient ecosystems. 事实上,这些生态系统极具韧性。
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
They can absolutely bounce back if we give them a chance. 如果我们给它们机会, 它们绝对会重振旗鼓。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; bounce:v.反弹;反射;(使)弹起;n.弹跳;跳动;弹性;
The point is not to ignore the changes that we're seeing, which brings me to my second vignette. 重点是不要忽视 我们所看到的改变, 这就要带到第二个插曲了。
ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
I have since moved to the most remote island chain on our planet, the Hawaiian Islands, where I'm the new lead of a program called the Hawaiian Ocean Time-series. 我之后搬到了地球上 最偏僻的岛链上, 夏威夷群岛, 我在那里接手主导一个计画, 叫做夏威夷海洋时间序列。
Hawaiian:adj.夏威夷的;夏威夷语的;n.夏威夷人;夏威夷语;
And this is a program that for 31 years has made this monthly pilgrimage to a spot called Station ALOHA . 这个计画,三十一年来, 每月都会到一个叫做 「阿啰哈站」的地方朝圣。
monthly:n.月刊:adv.每个月:每月一次:adj.每月的: pilgrimage:n.漫游;朝圣之行;vi.朝拜;漫游; ALOHA:int.再见;欢迎;你好;n.爱(等于love);adj.友好的;热情好客的;
It's in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, in the center of this vast, swirling system of currents that we call the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre . 它位于太平洋中部的 一个广阔的涡流系统的中心, 这个涡流系统我们称之为 北太平洋亚热带涡旋。
swirling:v.(使)打旋,旋动,起旋涡;(swirl的现在分词) Subtropical:adj.[地理]亚热带的; Gyre:n.回转;旋回;旋转;vi.旋回;
It's our largest ocean ecosystem. 它是我们最大的海洋生态系统,
It's four times the size of the Amazon rain forest. 面积是亚马逊雨林的四倍。
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士;
It is warm, in a good way. 它是温暖的,是好的温暖。
It is blue water, it's absolutely the type of place you want to dive in and swim. 水是蓝的, 绝对是你会想要去 潜水、游泳的地方。
dive:n.潜水;跳水;俯冲;猛冲;v.猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;[体]跳水(运动);
You cannot do that off of research boats, because, you know, sharks. Google it. 但你不能就这样跳下研究船, 因为,有鲨鱼。 你 Google 就知道。
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
(Laughter) （笑声）
This is a beautiful place. 这是个美丽的地方。
And here, since October of 1988, generations of researchers have made these monthly pilgrimages . 在这里,从 1988 年十月起, 世世代代的研究者 就会每月来朝圣。
pilgrimages:v.朝拜;漫游(pilgrimage的三单形式);n.朝圣;漫游(pilgrimage的复数);
We study the biology , the chemistry, the physics of the open ocean. 我们会研究大洋的 生物学、化学、物理学。
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
We've measured the temperature from the surface to the seafloor . 我们测量了从海面到海底的温度。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) seafloor:n.海底;
We've tracked the currents, traced the waves. 我们追踪了洋流、追踪了海浪。
tracked:v.跟踪;追踪;(track的过去分词和过去式) traced:v.发现;追踪;追究;描绘;记述;(trace的过去分词和过去式)
People have discovered new organisms here. 在这里,有人发现新的有机体。
People have created vast genomic libraries that have revolutionized what we think about the diversity of marine microorganisms . 在这里,有人创造了基因庫, 为我们对于海洋微生物 多样性的看法带来革命。
genomic:adj.基因组的;染色体的; revolutionized:adj.革命化的;被彻底改革的;v.彻底改革(revolutionize的过去式); diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: microorganisms:n.[微]微生物,微生虫(microorganism的复数);
It's not just a place of discovery, but the important part about time series are that they provide us a sense of history, a sense of context . 这不只是个发现之地, 时间序列很重要的一部分 在于它们能提供我们 对于历史、情境的概念。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
And in 30 years of data, it's allowed us to separate the seasonal change and see the emergence of humanity's fingerprints on the natural world. 在三十年的资料中, 我们得以将季节性的 改变分离出来, 看到人类留在大自然中的 足迹渐渐浮现。
seasonal:adj.季节的;周期性的;依照季节的; emergence:n.出现,浮现;发生;露头; fingerprints:n.[法][特医]指纹(fingerprint的复数); v.取…的指印(fingerprint的三单形式);
There's another iconic time series in Hawaii, and that is the Keeling Curve . 在夏威夷还有另一个 很有代表性的时间序列, 那就是基林曲线。
iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; Keeling:n.防擦索;v.给船装龙骨;倾覆(keel的ing形式); Curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
I hope you have all seen this. 希望大家都看过它。
This time series has documented the rapid increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere . 这个时间序列记载了大气中 二氧化碳快速增加。
carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
It's not just the number, it's the rate of increase. 不只是数字增加,速率也在增加。
The rate of carbon dioxide increase in our atmosphere is unprecedented for our planet. 在大气中,二氧化碳的增加速率 是地球上前所未见。
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的;
And that has consequences for our oceans. 那对我们的海洋会造成影响。
consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
In fact, oceans absorb about 90 percent of the heat that's generated by greenhouse gas emissions and about 40 percent of the carbon dioxide. 事实上,温室气体排放所造成的热, 有 90% 被海洋吸收, 二氧化碳则有 40% 被海洋吸收。
absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
And we have been able to measure that at Station ALOHA. 我们在阿啰哈站可以测量这些值。
Each one of these dots is a cruise . 每一个点就是一次航行。
cruise:v.巡航;乘船游览;慢速行驶,巡行;猎艳;n.航行;乘船游览;
It represents people's lives over 30 years trying to make these measurements , and it took 30 years to be able to see this. 它代表三十多年来试图 做这些测量的人的生活, 花了三十年的时间, 才能看见这张图。
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数);
CO2 rises in the atmosphere, 大气中的二氧化碳上升,
CO2 rises in the ocean. 海洋中的二氧化碳上升。即红线。
That's the red line.
A consequence of that is a fundamental change in the chemistry of seawater, a decline in pH -- pH is on a log scale, here's your blue line. 造成的后果 就是海水的化学性质 发生了根本的改变, 酸碱值下降—— 酸碱值用的是对数尺度,即蓝线。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
So we've seen a 30 percent decline in pH in the surface ocean in this time series. 在这个时间序列中,我们可以看到 海洋表面的酸碱值下降了 30%。
Now that has impacts for organisms that need to feed, build shells , that changes growth rates, metabolic interactions , and it doesn't just impact plankton -- it impacts ecosystems as large as coral reefs . 会受到影响的包括需要觅食、 建造甲壳的有机体, 那会改变生长率、代谢交互作用, 且不只会影响到浮游生物—— 也会影响到像珊瑚礁 这么大的生态系统。
shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) metabolic:adj.变化的;新陈代谢的; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) coral:n.珊瑚;珊瑚虫;adj.珊瑚的;珊瑚色的; reefs:n.礁石(reef的复数形式); v.收帆;
Now one of the things we've been able to show in this time series is this is just skimming the surface. 在这个时间序列中我们 能够呈现的其中一项资讯 就是这只是掠过表面而已。
skimming:n.浮渣;撇取的奶油;v.略读;撇去;(使)掠过;浏览;(skim的现在分词)
Increases in CO2 and a decline in pH are measured over the top 500 meters of the water column . 二氧化碳的增加和酸碱值的下降 是在水体的最上面 五百公尺中测量的。
over the top:adj.过多的;言过其实的;夸大其词的; column:n.栏目,纵队;
I really find that to be profound . 我真的觉得那很深刻。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
This is genuinely one of the most remote places on our planet, and we've impacted the top 500 meters of the water column. 这真的是地球上 最偏僻的地方之一, 我们已经影响到了 水体的上面五百公尺。
genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地; impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词);
Now, these two things -- harmful algal blooms, ocean acidification -- that's not all, of course. 这两样东西—— 有害的藻华、海洋酸化—— 当然,不只这些。
acidification:n.[化学]酸化;成酸性;使…发酸;
You've heard of the rest: sea-level rise, eutrophication , melting of the polar ice caps, expansion of oxygen minimum zones, pollution, loss of biodiversity , overfishing . 其他的各位都听过了: 海平面上升、优养化、 极地冰帽融化、 最少含氧区扩张、污染、 失去生物多样性、过度捕捞。
sea-level:海平面; eutrophication:n.(常因雨水带来的化肥造成水体的)富营养化; melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词) polar:adj.极地的;南极(或北极)的;n.极线;极面; expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的; biodiversity:n.生物多样性; overfishing:n.渔捞过度;vt.过度捕捞(overfish的现在分词);
It's hard for me to get a grad student -- you can see this pitch is a difficult one, right? 我很难让一个研究生—— 各位可以看得出来 这个演讲很难做,对吧？
grad:n.毕业生;校友; pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Sighs) （叹气）
Again, I think these systems, these microbial ecosystems, are immensely resilient. 我认为这些系统, 这些微生物生态系统, 极具韧性。
immensely:adv.极大地;无限地;广大地;庞大地;
We just cannot go too far down this path. 我们只是不能太过火。
I personally believe that sustained observation of our oceans and our planet is the moral imperative for our generation of scientists. 我个人相信,持续观察 我们的海洋和地球 是我们这个世代的科学家 在道德上必需要做的事。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式) observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事;
We are bearing witness to the changes that are being inflicted upon our natural communities , and by doing so, it provides us the opportunity to adapt and enact global change, if we're willing. 我们在见证 我们的大自然被迫造成的改变, 且,藉由这么做, 我们便有机会 只要我们愿意。
bearing:n.关系;影响;姿态;举止v.承受;忍受;承担责任;(bear的现在分词) witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证; inflicted:把…强加给;使承受(inflict的过去式和过去分词); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; enact:vt.颁布;制定法律;扮演;发生; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
So the solutions to these problems are multitiered. 这些问题的解决方案是多层次的。
It involves a portfolio of solutions, local change, but all the way up to voting for people who will protect our environment on a global scale. 要结合各种解决方案、 地方性的改变, 一路到投票给愿意保护 全球环境的人。
involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) portfolio:n.公文包;文件夹;证券投资组合;部长职务;
(Applause) （掌声）
Let's bring it back to the love. 咱们再回来谈爱。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Microbes matter. 微生物是重要的。
These organisms are small, abundant, ancient, and they are critical to sustaining our population and our planet. 这些有机体很小、 很充足、很古老、 若要让人类及地球能 永续生存,它们是关键。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; sustaining:adj.持续的;支持的;v.维持(sustain的现在分词);支持;承受;
Yet we are on track to double our carbon dioxide emissions in the next 50 years, so the analogy that I use for that is like we are eating like we're still in our 20s, assuming there will be no consequences -- but I'm a woman in her 40s, 但,依目前的轨道, 在接下来的五十年 二氧化碳排放会加倍, 所以我常用一个比喻, 就像是我们在二十几岁时, 完全没在考虑后果的进食方式—— 但我是四十多岁的女人,
analogy:n.类比;类推;类似; assuming:conj.假设…为真; adj.傲慢的; v.假定; (assume的现在分词)
I know there are consequences for my fuel consumption. Right? 我知道依我目前消耗的燃料 是会造成后果的。对吧？
(Laughter) （笑声）
These oceans are very much alive. 这些海洋是活的。
These ecosystems have not collapsed . 这些生态系统还没有崩坏。
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
Well, except for the Arctic , we can talk about that. 嗯,北极圈除外, 那是我们可以另外再谈的。
Arctic:adj.北极的;北极地区的;极冷的;严寒的;n.北极;北极地区;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the sustained observations that I've shared with you today, the work of generations of scientists, are pointing us to take better care of our oceans and to nurture the microbes that sustain us. 但,今天我和各位 分享的持续观察, 数世代的科学家所做的努力, 都在指示我们要 多照顾我们的海洋, 并培植我们赖以维生的微生物。
observations:n.观察,观察值;观察结果;(observation的复数形式); nurture:v.养育;培养;养护;支持;
And on that note, 总之,
I want to end with a quote from one of my heroes, 珍卢布琴柯是我的偶像之一,
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
Jane Lubchenco. 我想用引述她的话来作结。
And this slide is appropriate . 这张投影片很适合。
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出;
Jane has said that the oceans are not too big to fail, nor are they too big to fix, but the oceans are too big to ignore. 珍说过,海洋并没有 大到无法辜负, 也没有大到无法修复, 但它大到无法忽视。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）