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AngelHsu_2020T-_城市正在推动气候变化——视频关于它们该如何解决这个问题_-
What would the world look like if extreme climate change becomes reality? 如果极端气候变化成为现实,
Well, here's just one example. 好吧,这只是一个例子。
If temperatures were to rise by three more degrees Celsius , 如果气温再升高三摄氏度,
Shanghai, a city of 24 million people in China, will be wiped off the map . 上海,一个位于中国 拥有 2400 万人口的城市 将会消失在地图上。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度; off the map:不重要的;不存在的;不易到达的;
And it's not just the only coastal city that's at risk of disappearing beneath rising sea levels. 它不是唯一会因海平面上升 而面临消失风险的沿海城市,
Globally, 2019 was the second hottest year on record. 从全球范围来看,2019 年 是有史以来第二热的年份。
Cities all throughout the world experienced record-setting summer temperatures. 世界各地的城市都 经历了创纪录的夏季高温记录。
In June 2019, temperatures in Churu, India, exceeded 120 degrees Fahrenheit , to the point that the government warned citizens to avoid drinking coffee, tea and alcohol out of fear of overheating . 2019 年 6 月, 印度楚鲁地区的温度 已超过华氏 120 度, 以至于政府出于对过热的担忧, 提醒民众要避免喝咖啡、
coastal:adj.沿海的;海岸的; disappearing:v.消失;不复存在;灭绝;丢失(disappear的现在分词) beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; record-setting:adj.创记录的; exceeded:v.超过(数量);超越(法律、命令等)的限制;(exceed的过去分词和过去式) Fahrenheit:adj.华氏的;华氏温度计的;n.华氏温度计;华氏温标; alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; overheating:n.[热]过热;v.[热]过热(overheat的ing形式);
Heat waves are becoming more severe and commonplace due to climate change, projected to lead to deaths at the same rate as all infectious diseases combined. 热浪正因为气候变化 预计导致死亡的比率与
This map here shows the increase in the severity and prevalence of heat waves if the world follows a moderate warming scenario . 这张地图显示,如果世界出现 中度变暖的情况,热浪的严重性 和普遍性将会大大增加。
By 2050, summertime highs of 95 degrees Fahrenheit, or 35 degrees Celsius, will become the new normal in nearly 1,000 cities, triple the number of cities that currently experience these sweltering temperatures. 到 2050 年,夏季气温高达 95 华氏度 或 35 摄氏度将成为新常态, 在近 1000 个城市中, 是目前经历这种 闷热温度的城市数量三倍,
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; commonplace:n.老生常谈;司空见惯的事;普通的东西;adj.平凡的;陈腐的; infectious:adj.传染的;传染性的;易传染的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; severity:n.严重;严格;猛烈; prevalence:n.流行;普遍;广泛; moderate:v.缓和; adj.适度的; n.持温和观点者(尤指政见); scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本; summertime:n.夏季; triple:adj.三部分的; n.三倍的数[量]; v.成为三倍; currently:adv.当前;一般地; sweltering:adj.闷热的;炎热的;酷热的;v.热得难受;(swelter的现在分词)
But the irony is that cities are not just affected by climate change, they're also causing it. 但讽刺的是,城市不仅受到气候变化的影响, 而且还在造成气候变化。
Cities consume between 60 and 80 percent of global energy resources and account for approximately 70 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions . 城市消耗了全球能源的 60％ 至 80％, 约占全球二氧化碳 排放量的 70％ 。
As we can see here in this map, the light blue and the yellow areas correspond to those with the highest fossil fuel-based carbon dioxide emissions and also correspond to major urban centers. 正如我们在这张地图中看到的那样, 浅蓝色和黄色区域对应于 以化石燃料为基础的 二氧化碳排放量最高的区域, 也对应于主要城市中心。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占; approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) correspond:vi.符合,一致;相应;通信; fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
Aside from cities' energy consumption , growing urban areas convert the planet's green surfaces to buildings and pavement , and these can absorb more of the sun's energy 除了城市的能源消耗外, 不断发展的城市地区 还将地球的绿地覆盖面积 改建为高楼大厦和人行道, 与它们所取代掉的天然
than the natural grasslands and forests that they've replaced, making urban areas hotter than their surrounding environments. 草地和森林相比,城市建筑会吸收更多的阳光能量, 从而使城市地区比周边环境更热。
This phenomenon is called the "urban heat island effect." 这种现象称为城市热岛效应。
consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人; pavement:n.路面;人行道;石板铺的地面; absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; grasslands:n.[畜牧]草原;大草原(grassland的复数形式); phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
Here in Singapore, downtown neighborhoods can be as much as seven degrees Celsius, or 13 degrees Fahrenheit, hotter than the rainforests that were once here. 在新加坡这里,市区居民区的温度可能比以前的雨林高出 7 摄氏度 或 13 华氏度。
While it's true that cities are contributing to climate change, they're also key actors in forging low carbon emission pathways . 诚然,城市正在造成气候变化, 但它们也是打造低碳排放途径的
In dense cities like New York City and Tokyo, for instance , the average resident is responsible for over two tons of carbon dioxide emissions per capita . 例如,在纽约和东京等 人口密集的城市中, 居民人均二氧化碳 排放量超过两吨。
downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的; rainforests:n.(热带)雨林; contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) forging:n.锻造;锻件;伪造;v.锻造;打制(forge的现在分词); pathways:n.小路;小径(pathway的复数); dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; resident:adj.居住的;住院医师;定居的;n.居民; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
This is less than a single passenger car emits in a single year in the United States. 这比美国一辆公交车 一年的排放量还要少。
Cities around the world are stepping up to tackle climate change, with ambitious policies that often exceed the requirements of national governments. 世界各地的城市正在加紧应对气候变化, 它们雄心勃勃的政策 往往超出了各国政府的要求。
Take Copenhagen , for example. 以哥本哈根为例,
passenger:n.旅客;乘客;白吃饭的人;闲散人员; emits:发出;放射;发行(emit的动词单数第三人称形式); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) tackle:v.处理; n.用具; ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都);
It's committed to become carbon neutral by 2025, and Glasgow in Scotland also plans to become carbon neutral by 2030. 它承诺到 2025 年实现碳中和, 苏格兰的格拉斯哥也计划
Today, there are more than 10,000 cities all around the world that are committing to their own ambitious climate actions, plans that include emissions reduction targets, clean energy and sustainable transit projects, and also energy efficiency policies that can save people and cities money, energy and emissions. 今天,全球有一万多个城市 致力于自己雄心勃勃的气候行动, 计划中包括减排目标, 清洁能源和可持续交通项目, 还有可以拯救人们和城市, 节省开销、能源和排放的能效政策。
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的; Glasgow:n.格拉斯哥(英国城市名); committing:v.做出;犯罪或错等;自杀;承诺,保证;(commit的现在分词) reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; transit:n.运输;经过;v.运送;经过; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
Recent analysis shows that just 6,000 cities, combined with regions and companies, are undertaking climate initiatives that can reduce global emissions by up to two gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030. 近期分析表明,只有六千个城市 与各地区和企业共同合作, 正在采取气候行动, 减少多达两千兆吨二氧化碳当量。
That's roughly four percent of the world's total annual emissions on top of what national governments have pledged . 这大约是世界各国 每年总排放量的 4％, 此举是在各国政府承诺的基础上。
And this is just the start. 这仅仅是个开始,想象一下
Imagine what could happen if 20,000 cities were to band together to curb climate change. 如果有两万个城市团结起来 遏制气候变化会发生什么。
analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) undertaking:n.事业;企业;保证;殡仪业;v.同意;担任;许诺;(undertake的现在分词) initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; gigatons:n.十亿吨; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; pledged:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;抵押(pledge的过去分词和过去式) band:n.带;波段;频带;箍;v.加彩条(或嵌条等);(将价格、收入等)划分档次; curb:vt.遏制;控制,限定,约束;n.起控制(或限制)作用的事物
While this potential for cities' climate action sounds really promising, cities must work to make sure that these policies are implemented fairly and equitably . 尽管城市采取气候行动的潜能听起来 确实很有希望,但城市必须努力确保 这些政策得到公平、公正的实施。
Where you live in a city, your income, your race -- research is showing that these factors can determine your access to environmental benefits like green space and sustainable transit, 您在城市中的住所,收入,种族, 研究表明,这些因素可以决定 您获得绿色空间和可持续交通等 环境收益的途径,
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词) fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; equitably:adv.公平地; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排;
and they can also determine your share of environmental burdens like air pollution and climate change. 而且它们还可以决定您 如空气污染和气候变化。
We observe these neighborhood-level disparities particularly clearly in these side-by-side images of Los Angeles, comparing income on the left and tree cover on the right. 特别是在洛杉矶的并排图像中, 我们观察了这些邻里层面的差异, 比较了左侧的收入
The darkest green neighborhood has an average annual income of over 100,000 US dollars per person. 暗绿色代表的社区人均 年收入超过 10 万美元,
burdens:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视; disparities:不一致(disparity的复数); particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; side-by-side:adj.并肩的;并行的; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
And over 70 percent of it has tree cover. 居住地有超过 70％ 的树木覆盖面积。
The blue neighborhoods towards the bottom of the map only have a third of the income per person and less than five percent tree cover. 靠近地图底部的蓝色社区 仅拥有人均收入的三分之一, 树木覆盖率不到 5％。
Seventy percent versus five. 70％ 与 5％ 的对比,
This disparity has real consequences . 这种差距会带来真正的后果。
Green spaces are often public spaces, and they're known to be associated with social and economic well-being . 绿色空间通常是公共空间, 众所周知,它们与社会和经济福祉息息相关。
They can also reduce crime and foster social cohesion . 它们还可以减少犯罪率 并增强社会凝聚力。
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; foster:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的; cohesion:n.凝聚;结合;[力]内聚力;
Trees also can help to filter harmful air pollution and provide evaporative cooling and shade and relief for some of these high temperatures. 树木还可以帮助过滤有害的空气污染, 并为某些高温区吸收热量,提供遮荫, 并起到舒缓的作用。
So not only are those poorer neighborhoods at a greater disadvantage from access to green space, but they're also more vulnerable to air pollution and climate change. 因此,这些贫困社区不仅在获取 绿色空间方面处于更大的劣势, 而且更容易受到空气污染和
We can observe particularly pronounced disparities in urban heat according to race. 根据种族,我们可以观察到 特别明显的差异和城市热度。
filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; evaporative:adj.蒸发的,成为蒸气的; shade:n.阴凉处;色度;灯罩;背阴;v.给…遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把…涂暗;画阴影; relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕; disadvantage:n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; according to:根据,据说;
Our latest research shows that 97 percent of major urban areas in the United States are exposing Black populations and people of color to a full degree Celsius higher of urban heat than their white counterparts . 我们的最新研究表明, 黑人人口和有色人种 所感受到的城市热度 比他们的白人同行们 高出整整 1 摄氏度。
Take a look at this map of my hometown of Greenville, South Carolina . 看看这张我家乡南卡罗来纳州格林维尔的地图, 与它名字不同的
Unlike the name suggests it is not green for everyone. 是它并没有给所有人带去绿色。
The hottest areas of the county shown on the map in red correspond with the highest percentages of Black and poor populations. 在地图上以红色 标注的该州最热地区的黑人和贫困人口百分比最高。
exposing:v.暴露;显露;揭露;揭穿;使面临;(expose的现在分词) counterparts:n.(契约)副本(counterpart的复数);相对物;相对应的人; Take a look at:看一看;检查; Carolina:n.卡罗莱纳州(在美国东南部); county:n.郡,县; correspond with:符合,一致;与…通信; percentages:n.[数]百分率,百分比;命中率(percentage的复数);
And we're seeing similar patterns throughout cities all across the United States. 而且我们在美国各地的城市 都看到了类似的模式。
To address these inequalities , cities are starting to strategize and develop plans that can ensure that climate benefits are provided to all of their citizens equally. 为了解决这些不平等问题, 城市开始制定战略和计划, 以确保将气候效益 平均分配给所有公民。
Take Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, for example. 以哥伦比亚首都波哥大为例,
It has one of the most extensive bike networks in all of Latin America , connecting people to jobs, education centers and recreational opportunities. 它拥有整个拉丁美洲最普及的 自行车网络之一, 它将人们与工作, 教育中心和休闲场所相连接。
inequalities:n.[数]不等式;不均等,不平衡;不平坦(inequality的复数形式); strategize:v.战略化;战略构想; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) extensive:adj.广泛的;大量的;广阔的; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); recreational:adj.娱乐的,消遣的;休养的;
A new bike highway project can allow for around 42,000 daily bicycle trips and potentially avoid 270,000 tons of greenhouse gas emissions. 一个新的自行车高速公路项目可以支持 每天约 42,000 次自行车旅行, 并有可能避免
In Africa, where many cities lack universal access to electricity , mini-grids are providing approximately 73 million households with clean electricity. 在非洲,许多普遍缺乏电力供应的城市, 迷你电网正在为大约 7300 万 家庭提供清洁电力。
So as we can see from these examples, tackling climate change has to start in cities. 因此,从这些例子中我们可以看到, 应对气候变化必须从城市开始。
potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数); tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词);
Many cities are starting to flip the script on climate change, proving to be part of the solution and not just the problem, and bringing the kind of innovative solutions that we need for a more just and sustainable world. 许多城市开始着手应对气候变化问题, 证明了城市是解决方案的一部分, 并带来我们需要的创新解决方案, 以建立一个更加公正和可持续的世界。
Thank you. 谢谢。
flip:n.浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷;v.迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等); script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;