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AndrewMwenda_2007G-_另眼看非洲_
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| I am very, very happy to be amidst some of the most -- the lights are really disturbing my eyes and they're reflecting on my glasses. |
我非常非常的高兴能和这么多…… 这些灯光太刺眼了 它们反射到我的镜片上了 |
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amidst:prep.在…当中; disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词) reflecting:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;显示,表明,表达;(reflect的现在分词)
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| I am very happy and honored to be amidst very, very innovative and intelligent people. |
我非常高兴且荣幸和 非常聪明、有创造力的人们在一起 |
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innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
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| I have listened to the three previous speakers, and guess what happened? |
在此之前我已经听了3个人的演讲了 猜一下发生了什么事？ |
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previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
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| Every single thing I planned to say, they have said it here, and it looks and sounds like I have nothing else to say. |
每一个我想说的事情都已经被他们说完了 看上去我好象没有什么可以说的了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But there is a saying in my culture that if a bud leaves a tree without saying something, that bud is a young one. |
但是在我的祖国有一句谚语 如果一朵花一句话也不说就离开了树干 那朵花一定还稚嫩 |
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bud:n.芽,萌芽;蓓蕾;vi.发芽,萌芽;vt.使发芽;
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| So I will -- since I am not young and am very old -- |
所以,既然我已不再稚嫩 |
| I still will say something. |
我还是要说一点的 |
| We are hosting this conference at a very opportune moment because another conference is taking place in Berlin. |
我们正在一个非常合时宜的时候开这个会 因为另一个会议正在柏林召开 |
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hosting:v.主办,主持;主持;做东;(host的现在分词) conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) opportune:adj.适当的;恰好的;合时宜的;
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| It is the G8 Summit . |
这就是八国首脑峰会 |
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Summit:n.峰会;山顶;顶点;最高点;
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| The G8 Summit proposes that the solution to Africa's problems should be a massive increase in aid, something akin to the Marshall Plan. |
G8峰会建议,解决非洲问题的办法 应该是继续加大对非洲的援助 这和当年的马歇尔计划很相似 |
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proposes:建议;提议; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; akin:adj.类似的;同类的;同族的;
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| Unfortunately , I personally do not believe in the Marshall Plan. |
不幸的是,我个人并不相信马歇尔计划 |
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Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
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| One, because the benefits of the Marshall Plan have been overstated . |
首先,马歇尔计划的成果被夸大了 |
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overstated:v.夸大;夸张;言过其实;(overstate的过去分词和过去式)
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| Its largest recipients were Germany and France, and it was only 2.5 percent of their GDP. |
它最大的受援国是德国和法国 但援助只占了他们GDP的2.5% |
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recipients:n.收件人(recipient的复数);
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| An average African country receives foreign aid to the tune of 13, 15 percent of its GDP, and that is an unprecedented transfer of financial resources from rich countries to poor countries. |
平均每个非洲国家接受的外国援助 竟达到了他们GDP的13%-15%那么多 这是一个史无前例的金融资源大迁移 从富裕的国家到贫穷的国家 |
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unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的; transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| But I want to say that there are two things we need to connect. |
但是我想说的是,有两件事情我们需要提及 |
| How the media covers Africa in the West, and the consequences of that. |
西方媒体是如何报道非洲和那些援助成果的 |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
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| By displaying despair , helplessness and hopelessness , the media is telling the truth about Africa, and nothing but the truth. |
通过播放绝望和无助的画面 媒体是在展示非洲的真实情况,非常真实 |
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displaying:v.陈列;展出;展示;显露(display的现在分词) despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望; helplessness:n.无能为力;无可奈何状态; hopelessness:n.绝望,无望;不抱希望;
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| However, the media is not telling us the whole truth. |
然而,媒体没有告诉我们所有的真实情况 |
| Because despair, civil war, hunger and famine , although they're part and parcel of our African reality, they are not the only reality. |
因为绝望、内战、饥荒 虽然是我们非洲的真实的一部分 但这些不是全部 |
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civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; famine:n.饥荒; parcel:n.包裹;小包;一块地;一片地;v.包;裹好;打包;adj.部分(时间)的;adv.局部地;
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| And secondly, they are the smallest reality. |
而且,它们只是其中很小的一部分 |
| Africa has 53 nations. |
非洲有53个国家 |
| We have civil wars only in six countries, which means that the media are covering only six countries. |
只有6个国家有内战 那就说明,媒体只报道了这6个国家 |
| Africa has immense opportunities that never navigate through the web of despair and helplessness that the Western media largely presents to its audience. |
非洲蕴含着的巨大的机遇却从来没有被报道过 那些交织着绝望和无助的报道 西方媒体却大量的向他们的听众传递 |
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immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
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| But the effect of that presentation is it appeals to sympathy . |
但是那些报道的作用只是祈求同情 |
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presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; appeals:n.[法]上诉; v.有吸引力(appeal的单三形式); sympathy:n.同情;慰问;赞同;
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| It appeals to pity; it appeals to something called charity . |
祈求怜悯,祈求那些所谓的援助 |
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charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物;
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| And, as a consequence, the Western view of Africa's economic dilemma is framed wrongly . |
这样的结果是,西方人关于 “非洲经济困境”的错误观念被建立起来了 |
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economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; dilemma:n.困境;进退两难;两刀论法; framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式) wrongly:adv.错误地;不恰当地;不公正地;
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| The wrong framing is a product of thinking that Africa is a place of despair. |
这种观念的建立是一味的去联想 一个绝望的非洲的结果 |
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framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词)
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| What should we do with it? We should give food to the hungry. |
我们该怎么办？我们应该给饥饿的人们食物 |
| We should deliver medicines to those who are ill. |
我们应该给生病的人送去医药 |
| We should send peacekeeping troops to serve those who are facing a civil war. |
我们应该派维和部队 去拯救那些正在遭遇内战的人民 |
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peacekeeping:adj.维护和平的;执行停火协定的;
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| And in the process Africa has been stripped of self-initiative. |
在这个过程中,非洲已经丧失了自己的主动性 |
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process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; stripped:adj.剥去的;v.剥夺;脱衣;把…剪成条状;(strip的过去式和过去分词)
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| I want to say that it is important to recognize that Africa has fundamental weaknesses. |
我想说,重要的是认识到 非洲确实有其根本性的不足 |
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recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
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| But equally, it has opportunities and a lot of potential . |
但是同时,也有很多的发展潜力 |
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potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
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| We need to reframe the challenge that is facing Africa from a challenge of despair, despair which is called poverty reduction , to a challenge of hope. |
我们需要重新定位非洲正面临的考验 从充满绝望的考验 它被叫做减少贫困 到充满希望的考验 |
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reframe:v.再构造,再组织;重新制订;给…装上新框架; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;
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| We frame it as a challenge of hope, and that is worth creation . |
我们重新定义它为一个充满希望的考验,这是值得的 |
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creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物;
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| The challenge facing all those who are interested in Africa is not the challenge of reducing poverty. |
所有关心非洲的人们面对着这个考验 这不再是一个减少贫困的考验 |
| It should be a challenge of creating wealth . |
而应该是一个创造财富的考验 |
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wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
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| Once we change those two things -- if you say the Africans are poor and they need poverty reduction, you have the international cartel of good intentions moving onto the continent , with what? |
一旦我们交换了这两个概念 如果你说“非洲很穷,他们需要脱贫” 你的愿望非常美好 但是带点什么去非洲呢 |
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cartel:n.卡特尔;企业联合;垄断联盟;俘虏交换条约; intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数) continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
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| Medicines for the poor, food relief for those who are hungry, and peacekeepers for those who are facing civil war. |
给穷人带去药品,给饥饿的人带去食物 给遭受内战的人送去维和部队 |
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relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕; peacekeepers:维和人员(peacekeeper的复数);
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| And in the process none of these things really are productive because you are treating the symptoms , not the causes of Africa's fundamental problems. |
所有这些都没有从根本上解决问题 因为对于非洲的那些基本问题 这些只治标不治本 |
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productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数)
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| Sending somebody to school and giving them medicines, ladies and gentlemen, does not create wealth for them. |
送一些人去学校,给他们药品 各位,这些不能给他们创造财富 |
| Wealth is a function of income, and income comes from you finding a profitable trading opportunity or a well-paying job. |
稳定的收入才是致富的根本,而稳定的收入来自于 一个能获利的贸易机会或者一份稳定的工作 |
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profitable:adj.有利可图的;赚钱的;有益的; well-paying:adj.工资优厚的,报酬优惠的;
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| Now, once we begin to talk about wealth creation in Africa, our second challenge will be, who are the wealth-creating agents in any society? |
现在,我们开始谈到如何让非洲富裕起来 我们的下一个挑战将是 谁是社会上创造财富的代理人 |
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agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
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| They are entrepreneurs . [Unclear] told us they are always about four percent of the population, but 16 percent are imitators . |
是企业家,现实告诉我们他们一直 只占世界人口的4%,但是16%不是真正意义上的企业家 |
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entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) imitators:n.模仿者(imitator的复数);
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| But they also succeed at the job of entrepreneurship . |
但他们同样可以胜任企业家这个工作 |
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entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神;
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| So where should we be putting the money? |
所以,我们应该把钱用在什么地方？ |
| We need to put money where it can productively grow. |
我们需要把钱用在可以创造财富的地方 |
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productively:adv.有结果地;有成果地;
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| Support private investment in Africa, both domestic and foreign. |
支持在非洲的私人投资,不管是国内的还是国外的 |
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investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的;
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| Support research institutions , because knowledge is an important part of wealth creation. |
支持科研机构 因为知识是创造财富不可或缺的一部分 |
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institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
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| But what is the international aid community doing with Africa today? |
但是那些国际援助组织现在在非洲做些什么呢？ |
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community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
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| They are throwing large sums of money for primary health, for primary education , for food relief. |
他们把大把的钞票花在了基础医疗上 基础教育上和粮食救济上 |
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sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数) primary education:初等教育;
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| The entire continent has been turned into a place of despair, in need of charity. |
整个非洲大陆已经变成了 一个绝望和坐等慈善的地方 |
| Ladies and gentlemen, can any one of you tell me a neighbor, a friend, a relative that you know, who became rich by receiving charity? |
女士们先生们,你们谁能告诉我 你的邻居、朋友和亲人 哪一个人是通过接受善款致富的 |
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relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物;
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| By holding the begging bowl and receiving alms ? |
是通过抱着讨饭碗接受别人的施舍而致富的 |
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alms:n.捐献;救济物,施舍金;
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| Does any one of you in the audience have that person? |
你们谁听说过有这样的例子 |
| Does any one of you know a country that developed because of the generosity and kindness of another? |
你们谁听说过一个国家是通过 他国的善良和慷慨而发展起来的？ |
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generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量;
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| Well, since I'm not seeing the hand, it appears that what I'm stating is true. |
那好,既然我没有看到有人举手 那说明我说的是事实 |
| Bono : Yes! |
Bono:对 |
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Bono:n.宝鸟服饰;报喜鸟(品牌名);
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| Andrew Mwenda: I can see Bono says he knows the country. |
Andrew Mwenda:我听到Bono说他知道有这样的国家 |
| Which country is that? |
哪个国家？ |
| Bono: It's Ireland. |
Bono:这是个爱尔兰名字 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Bono: [unclear] |
（貌似在打电话） |
| Thank you very much. But let me tell you this. |
非常感谢,还是让我来告诉你们吧 |
| External actors can only present to you an opportunity. |
外人只能给你一个机会 |
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External:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
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| The ability to utilize that opportunity and turn it into an advantage depends on your internal capacity . |
能否抓住这个机会,且把它变成一个优势 取决于你的个人能力 |
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utilize:v.利用;运用;使用;应用; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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| Africa has received many opportunities, many of them we haven't benefited much. |
非洲曾有过很多机会 但其中的大部分我们没有从中获益良多 |
| Why? Because we lack the internal institutional framework and policy framework that can make it possible for us to benefit from our external relations. I'll give you an example. |
为什么？因为我们缺少相应的体制框架 和政策框架来帮助我们 从我们的对外关系中获利。我可以给你们一个例子 |
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institutional:adj.制度的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
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| Under the Cotonou Agreement, formerly known as the Lome Convention , |
根据科托努协定 其前身是洛美协定 |
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formerly:adv.以前;原来; Convention:n.习俗;惯例;协定;常规;
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| African countries have been given an opportunity by Europe to export goods, duty-free , to the European Union market. |
欧洲曾给过非洲一个很好的机会 可免关税出口货物到欧盟市场 |
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export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的; duty-free:adj.免税的;adv.免税地; European Union:n.欧洲联盟;
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| My own country, Uganda , has a quota to export 50,000 metric tons of sugar to the European Union market. |
我的祖国,乌干达,得到个机会可以出口5万吨 蔗糖到欧盟市场 |
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Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家); quota:n.配额;定额;限额; metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的;
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| We haven't exported one kilogram yet. |
我们连一公斤都没有出口 |
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exported:v.[贸易]出口;输出(export的过去分词);adj.出口的;
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| We import 50,000 metric tons of sugar from Brazil and Cuba. |
我们反而从巴西和古巴进口了5万吨的蔗糖 |
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Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
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| Secondly, under the beef protocol of that agreement, |
第二,按照这个协定书上的牛肉协定 |
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protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定;
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| African countries that produce beef have quotas to export beef, duty-free, to the European Union market. |
非洲产牛肉的国家 可以有一定的配额免关税出口牛肉到欧盟市场 |
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quotas:n.配额(quota的复数);[经管]定额,[经]限额;v.分配(quota的第三人称单数);
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| None of those countries, including Africa's most successful nation, Botswana, has ever met its quota. |
没有任何一个国家,包括非洲最成功的国家博茨瓦纳在内 用完了这些配额 |
| So I want to argue today that the fundamental source of Africa's inability to engage the rest of the world in a more productive relationship is because it has a poor institutional and policy framework. |
所以我想说的是,非洲从根本上 没有能力和其他国家 建立一种高效的合作关系 是因为它没有好的体制和政策框架 |
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inability:n.无能力;无才能; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
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| And all forms of intervention need support, the evolution of the kinds of institutions that create wealth, the kinds of institutions that increase productivity . |
各种形式的变革都需要支持 发展能创造财富的机构 和能提高生产效率的机构 |
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intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
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| How do we begin to do that and why is aid the bad instrument ? |
我们应该怎么做呢？为什么援助不是一件好事呢？ |
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instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
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| Aid is the bad instrument, and do you know why? |
你们知道为什么援助不是一件好事吗？ |
| Because all governments across the world need money to survive. |
因为所有政府都需要钱去维持 |
| Money is needed for a simple thing like keeping law and order. |
想维持法律公正和社会秩序需要钱 |
| You have to pay the army and the police to show law and order. |
建立军队和警察去维护法律和秩序也需要钱 |
| And because many of our governments are quite dictatorial , they need really to have the army clobber the opposition . |
同时因为大多数的政府都比较独裁 他们真正需要的是用军队去镇压反对派 |
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dictatorial:adj.独裁的,专政的;专横傲慢的; clobber:v.狠击;猛打;惩罚;彻底战胜(或击败);n.衣服;随身物品; opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
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| The second thing you need to do is pay your political hangers-on . |
接着各种政治活动也需要花钱 |
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hangers-on:n.奉迎者;依附他人者;食客随从(hanger-on的变形);
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| Why should people support their government? |
为什么人们应该去支持他们的政府？ |
| Well, because it gives them good paying jobs. |
那是因为政府能给他们一份好工作 |
| Or, in many African countries, unofficial opportunities to profit from corruption . |
在很多非洲国家,暗地里 可以通过腐败获利 |
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unofficial:adj.非官方的;非正式的; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
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| The fact is, no government in the world, with the exception of a few like that of Idi Amin, can seek to depend entirely on force as an instrument of rule. |
事实是,世界上没有一个政府 除了少数像伊迪阿明那样的以外 可以选择完全用武力来进行统治 |
|
with the exception of:除了…以外; seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
|
| Many countries in the [unclear], they need legitimacy . |
世界上的很多国家需要让他们的统治合法化 |
|
legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统;
|
| To get legitimacy, governments often need to deliver things like primary education, primary health, roads, build hospitals and clinics . |
为此,政府们一般需要提供基础教育 基础医疗、道路、修建医院和诊所 |
|
clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式);
|
| If the government's fiscal survival depends on it having to raise money from its own people, such a government is driven by self-interest to govern in a more enlightened fashion. |
一个政府的财务状况如何 取决于它是否能从人民那里获得更多的钱 这样的被利益驱动的政府 以一种更加开明的方式进行统治 |
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fiscal:adj.会计的,财政的;国库的; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式)
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| It will sit with those who create wealth. |
它会和那些能创造财富的人坐下来 |
| Talk to them about the kind of policies and institutions that are necessary for them to expand a scale and scope of business so that it can collect more tax revenues from them. |
和他们讨论什么样的政策和体制 是他们继续扩大生意必须的 这样它就能从他们那里获得更多的税收收入 |
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policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; revenues:n.[会计]收入;税收;[会计]收益;营业收入(revenue的复数形式);
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| The problem with the African continent and the problem with the aid industry is that it has distorted the structure of incentives facing the governments in Africa. |
非洲的问题 由援助引起的问题是 它扭曲了自我激励体系 非洲各国都要面对这个问题 |
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distorted:adj.歪曲的;受到曲解的;v.扭曲(distort的过去式和过去分词); structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施;
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| The productive margin in our government's search for revenue does not lie in the domestic economy , it lies with international donors . |
我们政府财政收入的主要来源 并不是来自于国内经济 而是来自于国际援助 |
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margin:n.边缘;利润,余裕;页边的空白;v.加边于;加旁注于; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; donors:n.捐赠人(donor的复数);[电子]施主;
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| Rather than sit with Ugandan -- |
与其和乌干达的…… |
|
Ugandan:adj.乌干达的;乌干达人的;n.乌干达人;
|
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Rather than sit with Ugandan entrepreneurs, |
与其和乌干达的企业家坐下来谈 |
| Ghanaian businessmen, South African enterprising leaders, our governments find it more productive to talk to the IMF and the World Bank . |
和加纳的商人,南非的企业领袖谈 我们的政府发现倒不如 和世界货币基金组织和世界银行谈来的合算 |
|
enterprising:adj.有事业心的;有进取心的;有魄力的;有胆量的; World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构);
|
| I can tell you, even if you have ten Ph.D.s, you can never beat Bill Gates in understanding computer industry. |
我想说,就算你有10个博士学位 你也不可能比比尔盖茨更了解计算机行业 |
| Why? Because the knowledge that is required for you to understand the incentives necessary to expand a business, it requires that you listen to the people, the private sector actors in that industry. |
为什么？因为你需要去懂得的那些知识 扩大生意需要的原动力 都需要你去倾听那些在这个行业中的人和机构怎么说的 |
|
private sector:n.(国家经济的)私营部分;
|
| Governments in Africa have therefore been given an opportunity by the international community to avoid building productive arrangements with your own citizens, |
非洲的各政府因此从国际上得到了一个机会 以避免去和自己的国民 建立一个有成效的协议 |
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arrangements:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;(arrangement的复数)
|
| and therefore allowed to begin endless negotiations with the IMF and the World Bank, and then it is the IMF and the World Bank that tell them what its citizens need. |
因此允许开始和国际货币基金组织的无休止的谈判 还有世界银行,然后国际货币基金组织和世界银行 告诉各政府他们的国民需要什么？ |
|
endless:adj.无止境的;连续的;环状的;漫无目的的; negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商;
|
| In the process we, the African people, have been sidelined from the policy-making , policy-orientation, and policy implementation process in our countries. |
在这整个过程中,非洲人民完全被忽略掉了 从我们国家的政策的制定、政策的取向一直到 政策的执行过程中被忽略掉了 |
|
sidelined:v.使退出比赛,使下场;使靠边;(sideline的过去式和过去分词) policy-making:adj.决策的;决策性质的;n.决策; implementation:n.[计]实现;履行;安装启用;
|
| We have limited input , because he who pays the piper calls the tune. |
我们必须限制投入,因为发号施令的是花了钱的人 |
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limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机; piper:n.吹笛者;风笛手;管道工;绿鳍鱼;气喘的马;
|
| The IMF, the World Bank, and the cartel of good intentions in the world has taken over our rights as citizens, and therefore what our governments are doing, because they depend on aid, is to listen to international creditors rather than their own citizens. |
国际货币基金组织、世界银行和全世界的好心人 已经剥夺了我们作为公民的权利 因为政府依赖于援助,因此他们正在做的是 去听从那些国际债权人而不是他们的国民 |
|
creditors:n.债权人;债主;贷方;(creditor的复数)
|
| But I want to put a caveat on my argument, and that caveat is that it is not true that aid is always destructive . |
但是我想补充说明一点 援助并不都是破坏性的 |
|
caveat:n.警告;告诫; destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的;
|
| Some aid may have built a hospital, fed a hungry village. |
一些援助用来建立医院,救济饥饿的村民 |
| It may have built a road, and that road may have served a very good role. |
修建了道路,那道路 或许已经发挥了很好的作用 |
| The mistake of the international aid industry is to pick these isolated incidents of success, generalize them, pour billions and trillions of dollars into them, and then spread them across the whole world, |
国际援助的错误是 看中那些孤立的成功例子 进行推广,再投成千上万的钱进去 然后把它们传播到世界各地 |
|
isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离; generalize:vt.概括;推广;使...一般化;vi.形成概念; pour:v.倒; n.流出; (已熔金属的)一次浇注量; trillions:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
|
| ignoring the specific and unique circumstances in a given village, the skills, the practices, the norms and habits that allowed that small aid project to succeed -- |
忽略了被援助的每一个村庄的情况都是不同的 技能、实践、规范和习惯 才是让援助计划成功的关键 |
|
ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词); specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数) norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
|
| like in Sauri village in Kenya where Jeffrey Sachs is working -- and therefore generalize this experience as the experience of everybody. |
就像Jeffrey Sachs工作的那个肯尼亚的绍里村 推广这样的经验 让它变成每个人都能用的经验 |
| Aid increases the resources available to governments, and that makes working in a government the most profitable thing you can have as a person in Africa seeking a career . |
援助增加了政府的可用资源 让在政府工作成为最有利可图的事情 特别是对于一个正在找工作的非洲人来说 |
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seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
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| By increasing the political attractiveness of the state, especially in our ethnically fragmented societies in Africa, aid tends to accentuate ethnic tensions |
由于国家的政治吸引力的增加 特别是非洲这样一个种族分散的社会 援助往往加剧了种族关系紧张 |
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attractiveness:n.吸引力;迷惑力; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; ethnically:adv.人种上;民族上; fragmented:v.(使)碎裂,破裂,分裂;(fragment的过去分词和过去式) accentuate:v.着重;强调;使突出; tensions:张力;紧张;
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| as every single ethnic group now begins struggling to enter the state in order to get access to the foreign aid pie. |
每个种族都看是争先恐后的加入那些国家 就为了获得外国援助 |
| Ladies and gentlemen, the most enterprising people in Africa cannot find opportunities to trade and work in the private sector because the institutional and policy environment is hostile to business. |
女士们先生们,非洲最有事业心的人 也不能发现进行私营贸易和工作的机会 因为体制和政策环境都是反对做生意的 |
|
hostile:adj.敌意的; n.敌对分子;
|
| Governments are not changing it. Why? |
政府不去改变这些,这是为什么？ |
| Because they don't need to talk to their own citizens. |
因为他们不需要去和他们的国民谈 |
| They talk to international donors. |
他们只和国际捐助人谈 |
| So the most enterprising Africans end up going to work for government, and that has increased the political tensions in our countries precisely because we depend on aid. |
所以有事业心的非洲人最终只得为政府工作 而这已经增加了我们国家的政治紧张 正式因为我们依赖于援助 |
| I also want to say that it is important for us to note that over the last 50 years Africa has been receiving increasing aid from the international community |
我想说在过去的50年里 非洲收到的来自国际上的越来越多的援助 对我们确实非常重要 |
| in the form of technical assistance, and financial aid , and all other forms of aid. |
包括技术援助,经济援助 及其他各种援助 |
|
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; financial aid:n.(高等院校的)助学金;
|
| Between 1960 and 2003 our continent received 600 billion dollars of aid, and we are still told that there is a lot of poverty in Africa. |
在1960到2003年间,非洲收到了6千亿美元的援助 我们还是被告知非洲仍然贫困 |
| Where has all the aid gone? |
这些援助都去哪里了？ |
| I want to use the example of my own country called Uganda and the kind of structure of incentives that aid has brought there. |
我想用我自己的国家——乌干达,来作为一个例子 来看收到的援助是怎么花掉的 |
| In the 2006-2007 budget , expected revenue 2.5 trillion shillings . |
在2006到2007年的财政预算里,预期收益是2.5兆先令 |
|
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; shillings:n.先令;
|
| The expected foreign aid: 1.9 trillion. |
预期外国援助1.9兆先令 |
| Uganda's recurrent expenditure -- by recurrent what do I mean? |
乌干达的日常开支,日常开支的意思是 |
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recurrent:adj.复发的;周期性的,经常发生的; expenditure:n.支出,花费;经费,消费额;
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| Hand-to-mouth -- is 2.6 trillion. |
只用来糊口,需要2.6兆先令 |
|
Hand-to-mouth:adj.无隔宿之粮的;勉强维持的;
|
| Why does the government of Uganda budget spend 110 percent of its own revenue? |
为什么乌干达政府预算花掉它的110%的 自己的收入 |
| It's because there's somebody there called foreign aid who contributes for it. |
因为有国际援助在帮忙 |
|
contributes:[图情]投稿;[经]捐助;[经]捐献(contribute的第三人称单数);
|
| But this shows you that the government of Uganda is not committed to spending its own revenue to invest in productive investments , but rather it devotes this revenue to paying structure of public expenditure. |
但是这里你看到的乌干达政府 没有打算用自己的收入 去做有益的投资 而是用这笔钱 去作为公共机构的支出 |
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committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数) devotes:vt.致力于;奉献;
|
| Public administration, which is largely patronage , takes 690 billion. |
公共行政,是大头,用了6900亿 |
|
patronage:n.赞助;光顾;任免权;
|
| The military , 380 billion. |
军事,3800亿 |
|
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
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| Agriculture, which employs 18 percent of our poverty-stricken citizens, takes only 18 billion. |
18%的非常贫困的国民从事的农业 却只花了180亿 |
|
poverty-stricken:adj.为贫穷所困恼的,为贫穷所困扰的;非常贫穷的;
|
| Trade and industry takes 43 billion. |
贸易与工业花了430亿 |
| And let me show you what does public expenditure -- rather, public administration expenditure -- in Uganda constitute ? |
然我来告诉你什么是公共支出 在乌干达倒不如说是公共财政支出 |
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constitute:v.组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立;
|
| There you go. 70 cabinet ministers , 114 presidential advisers -- by the way , who never see the president, except on television. |
我们来看,70个内阁成员,114个总统顾问 顺便说一下,除了在电视上,谁也没有见过总统 |
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cabinet:n.内阁;储藏柜;陈列柜;adj.内阁的;小房间用的;玲珑的;细木工做的; ministers:n.部长,大臣; v.辅助; (minister的第三人称单数和复数) presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; advisers:n.顾问(adviser的复数); by the way:顺便说一下;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| And when they see him physically, it is at public functions like this, and even there, it is him who advises them. |
当你真的看到他了,那一定是在这样的公共场合 即便如此,那也是他们建议的 |
|
advises:建议;通知;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| We have 81 units of local government; each local government is organized like the central government -- a bureaucracy , a cabinet, a parliament , and so many jobs for the political hangers-on. |
我们的地方政府有81个部门 每一个地方政府的组织结构都和中央政府一样 一个行政系统,一个内阁,一个国会 政府部门提供了这么多的工作岗位 |
|
local government:n.地方自治;地方政府(机构); organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) central government:n.中央政府; bureaucracy:n.官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治; parliament:n.议会,国会;
|
| There were 56, and when our president wanted to amend the constitution and remove term limits, he had to create 25 new districts, and now there are 81. |
原来有56个行政区,当我们的总统想要去 修改宪法除去他任期限制的时候 他又增加了25个行政区,现在有81个了 |
|
amend:v.修正;修订(法律文件、声明等); constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
|
| 333 members of parliament. |
333个国会议员 |
| You need Wembley Stadium to host our parliament. |
你需要一个“温布利体育场”来看我们的国会 |
|
Stadium:n.[体]露天大型体育场;[病]病期;[生]生长期;龄期;
|
| 134 commissions and semi-autonomous government bodies, all of which have directors and the cars and -- and the final thing, this is addressed to Mr. Bono. In his work he may help us on this. |
134个委员会 和半自治的政府机关 所有的这些机构都需要负责人和汽车,最后 让我们转向Bono先生,他最近的工作或许能帮助我们 |
|
commissions:n.[会计]佣金,[会计]手续费;现金奖励情况(commission的复数); semi-autonomous:半自治的; addressed:v.写(收信人)姓名地址:致函:演说:演讲:向…说话; (address的过去分词和过去式)
|
| A recent government of Uganda study found that there are 3,000 four-wheel drive motor vehicles at the Minister of Health headquarters . |
一个最近的对于乌干达政府的研究显示 有3000辆汽车 在卫生部总部被使用 |
|
four-wheel drive:四轮驱动; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部;
|
| Uganda has 961 subcounties, each of them with a dispensary , none of which has an ambulance . |
乌干达有961个县,每个县都有一个医务室 他们中没有一个有救护车 |
|
dispensary:n.药房;(学校,兵营或工厂的)诊疗所;防治站; ambulance:n.救护车;
|
| So the four-wheel drive vehicles at the headquarters drive the ministers, the permanent secretaries, the bureaucrats and the international aid bureaucrats who work in aid projects while the poor die without ambulances and medicine. |
那些在总部的汽车 用来载部长、秘书、官僚 和做援助项目的国际援助官僚 而穷人因为没有救护车和医药而死去 |
|
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; bureaucrats:官僚; ambulances:n.[车辆][医]救护车(ambulance的复数);
|
| Finally , I want to say that before I came to speak here, |
最后,我想说在我来这里演讲之前 |
|
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
|
| I was told that the principle of TEDGlobal is that the good speech should be like a miniskirt -- it should be short enough to arouse interest, but long enough to cover the subject. |
我被告知了TEDGlobal的原则 那就是,一个优秀的演讲应该像迷你裙 它必须短到能充分激起大家的兴趣 长到能遮住应该被遮的地方 |
|
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; miniskirt:n.超短裙;迷你短裙; arouse:v.激发;唤醒;激起;激起性欲;
|
| I hope I have achieved that. |
我希望我做到了 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Thank you very much. |
非常感谢 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |