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AndrewDent_2017S-_消灭铺张浪费，我们需要重新认识节俭_
Let's talk about thrift . 让我们说说节俭。
thrift:n.节俭;节约;[植]海石竹;
Thrift is a concept where you reduce, reuse and recycle , but yet with an economic aspect I think has a real potential for change. 节俭是一个关于减少使用, 重复利用,回收再利用的一个概念, 但在经济方面,我觉得 它可以带来真正的改变。
recycle:v.回收利用;再利用; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
My grandmother, she knew about thrift. 我的祖母,她知道怎么节俭。
This is her string jar. 这是她放皮筋儿的罐子,
string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的;
She never bought any string. 她从来不买皮筋儿,
Basically , she would collect string. 只是收集它们。
Basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
It would come from the butcher's, it would come from presents. 这些皮筋儿来自于肉铺, 或者是礼品包装。
She would put it in the jar and then use it when it was needed. 她会把绳子存到罐子里, 当需要用时,再取出来。
When it was finished, whether it was tying up the roses or a part of my bike, once finished with that, it'd go back into the jar. 用完后——不管是 用它来扎玫瑰花束, 用完后它就会重新回到罐子中。
This is a perfect idea of thrift; you use what you need, you don't actually purchase anything, so you save money. 这是一个很棒的节约理念; 你只用你需要的, 不用去买太多东西, 所以能省不少钱。
purchase:n.购买;采购;购买的东西;购买项目;v.购买;采购;
Kids also inherently know this idea. 孩子们天生就知道如何节俭,
inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地;
When you want to throw out a cardboard box, the average kid will say, "Don't! I want to use it for a robot head or for a canoe to paddle down a river." 当你想丢弃一个纸箱时, 孩子一般会说, “别扔！我想用来做机器人的头, 或者做成独木舟去漂流。”
throw out:v.扔掉;伸出;说出;否决;突出; cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的; canoe:n.独木舟;轻舟;vi.乘独木舟;vt.用独木舟运; paddle:n.划桨;明轮翼;vt.拌;搅;用桨划;vi.划桨;戏水;涉水;
They understand the value of the second life of products. 他们知道产品二次利用的价值。
So, I think thrift is a perfect counterpoint to the current age which we live in. 我认为节俭与我们当今所处的 时代完美对应。
counterpoint:n.复调;对位法;旋律配合;对应物;
All of our current products are replaceable . 目前我们所有的产品都是可替代的。
replaceable:adj.可替换的;可置换的;可放在原处的;
When we get that bright, new, shiny toy, it's because, basically, we got rid of the old one. 当我们得到一件 崭新的、闪亮的玩具, 是因为我们把旧的丢掉了。
shiny:adj.闪亮的;光亮的;反光的;有光泽的;
The idea of that is, of course, it's great in the moment, but the challenge is, as we keep doing this, we're going to cause a problem. 没错,当时的感觉很美好, 但如果我们一直这么做, 就会产生一个问题。
That problem is that there is really no way. 问题就是,那些东西 根本没有办法真正的消失。
When you throw something away, it typically goes into a landfill . 当我们丢掉一些东西时, 它们通常会被送到垃圾填埋场。
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; landfill:n.垃圾填埋地;垃圾堆;
Now, a landfill is basically something which is not going to go away, and it's increasing. 而垃圾填埋场是不会消失的, 而且现在规模还在不断增加。
At the moment, we have about 1.3 billion tons of material every year going into landfills . 现在,我们每年把13亿吨垃圾 送到垃圾填埋场。
landfills:n.废物填埋地(或场);废物填埋;填埋的废物;(landfill的复数)
By 2100, it's going to be about four billion tons. 2100年,这个数字会达到40亿吨。
See, instead, I'd prefer if we started thrifting. 而我希望我们开始学会节俭,
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
What that means is, we consider materials when they go into products and also when they get used, and, at the end of their life: When can they be used again? 这意味着,我们要思考: 在产品的各个阶段,从生产制造, 到消费使用, 最后到寿终正寝, 材料什么时候能被二次利用？
It's the idea of completely changing the way we think about waste, so waste is no longer a dirty word -- we almost remove the word "waste" completely. 我们要彻底改变对垃圾的看法, 让垃圾不再是一个肮脏的词—— 我们几乎再也不需要 用“垃圾”这个词。
All we're looking to is resources . 我们看到的只有资源。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
Resource goes into a product and then can basically go into another product. 这些资源会被制作成产品, 然后通过再利用变成另一件产品。
We used to be good at thrifting. 我们过去很擅长节俭。
My grandmother, again, used to use old seed packets to paper the bathroom walls. 再说回我的祖母, 她曾经用旧的种子包装纸 来当浴室的墙纸。
I think, though, there are companies out there who understand this value and are promoting it. 我认为,一些公司明白 产品重复利用的价值, 而且正在推广它。
promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词)
And a lot of the technologies that have been developed for the smart age can also be adapted to reduce, reuse and also thrift more proficiently . 许多智能时代的科技, 也能帮助我们更好地 减少使用,重复利用,勤俭节约。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) proficiently:adv.精通地;
And as a materials scientist, what I've been tracking over the last couple of decades is how companies are getting smart at thrifting, how they're able to understand this concept and profit from it. 作为一个材料学家, 我一直在研究过去二十年 企业在节俭方面取得的成效, 并通过节俭获取利润。
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词) profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益;
I'm going to give you two examples. 我给讲你们讲两个例子。
The first one, a good one; the second one, not so good. 第一个是好的, 第二个是不太好的。
The first is the automotive industry. 第一个例子是关于汽车制造业的。
automotive:adj.汽车的;自动的;
Not always known as the most innovative or creative of industries, but it turns out, they're really, really good at recycling their products. 没有多少人会认为 这是一个极具创新的产业, 而事实上,这个产业在 回收再利用方面做得十分出色。
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; creative:adj.创造性的; recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词);
Ninety-five percent of every single car that goes on the road gets recycled here. 所有在路上跑的汽车中,有95% 都会被回收循环使用。
recycled:n.再生纸;回收站;adj.[环境]回收利用的;可循环再造的;
And of that car, about 75 percent of the entire car actually gets used again. 而每辆车75%的部分 又会被回收重新使用。
That includes, of course, the old steel and aluminum but then also the plastics from the fender and the interiors , glass from the windows and the windshield and also the tires. 回收的部分包括,废弃的钢和铝, 还有那些来自挡泥板 和汽车内部的塑料制品, 车窗玻璃和挡风玻璃, 以及轮胎。
aluminum:n.铝; fender:n.(汽车等的)挡泥板;防卫物;(暖炉的)炉围;(船只的)碰垫; interiors:n.内部(interior的复数形式); windshield:n.挡风玻璃;
There's a mature and successful industry that deals with these old cars and basically recycles them and puts them back into use as new cars or other new products. 有一个成熟的、成功的产业, 专门处理报废车辆, 对它们进行回收,并重新利用到 新的汽车或其他产品中去。
mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的; recycles:v.回收;使再循环;再造(recycle的第三人称单数);
Even as we move towards battery-powered cars, there are companies that claim they can recycle up to 90 percent of the 11 million tons of batteries that are going to be with us in 2020. 甚至我们的电动汽车, 一些公司宣称, 它们最多可以回收再利用 到 2020 年所生产的 1100 万吨电池中的90%。
battery-powered:adj.[电]靠电池供电的; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数)
That, I think, is not perfect, but it's certainly good, and it's getting better. 我认为,这并不完美, 但已经非常不错了, 而且还有改善的空间。
The industry that's not doing so well is the architecture industry. 在这一方面做得 不太好的是建筑行业,
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
One of the challenges with architecture has always been when we build up, we don't think about taking down. 其中一个原因是, 我们只考虑建筑物建造, 却不考虑拆卸的问题,
We don't dismantle , we don't disassemble , we demolish . 我们不会拆卸或拆除建筑物, 只会直接摧毁。
dismantle:v.拆开,拆卸;(逐渐)废除,取消; disassemble:vt.拆开,解开;反汇编; demolish:v.拆毁;(意外)毁坏;推翻;轻易而彻底地打败;
That's a challenge, because it ends up that about a third of all landfill waste in the US is architecture. 这是一个挑战, 因为美国垃圾填埋场中有三分之一 都是建筑垃圾。
We need to think differently about this. 我们应该想想怎么解决这个问题。
There are programs that can actually reduce some of this material. 有些做法可以减少建筑垃圾的产生。
A good example is this. 举一个比较好的例子,
These are actually bricks that are made from old demolition waste, which includes the glass, the rubble , the concrete . 这些砖头是用建筑废渣料生产的, 其成分包括玻璃、瓦砾和混凝土。
demolition:n.拆除(等于demolishment);破坏;毁坏; rubble:n.碎石,碎砖;粗石堆; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
You put up a grinder , put it all together, heat it up and make these bricks we can basically build more buildings from. 把它们放进研磨机中,加热, 生产出的砖头又能被 用于更多建筑中去了。
grinder:n.[机]研磨机;研磨者;磨工;臼齿;
But it's only a fraction of what we need. 但这只是很小的一部分。
fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量;
My hope is that with big data and geotagging, we can actually change that, and be more thrifty when it comes to buildings. 我希望,我们能利用 大数据和地理定位 改变这种状况, 把节俭这个概念运用到建筑业中。
thrifty:adj.节约的;茂盛的;成功的;
If there's a building down the block which is being demolished , are there materials there that the new building being built here can use? 如果不远处有一栋楼正在被拆毁, 拆下来的这些材料中 有没有一些是这边的 新建筑物可以使用的？
demolished:v.拆毁,拆除(建筑物);推翻(观点或理论);(demolish的过去分词和过去式)
Can we use that, the ability to understand that all the materials available in that building are still usable? 我们是否可以认为 这个建筑物所有的 建筑材料仍然可用？
Can we then basically put them into a new building, without actually losing any value in the process ? 我们是否可以将它们用于 建造新的建筑物 且不丧失它们自身的任何价值？
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
So now let's think about other industries. 让我们再想想其他行业。
What are other industries doing to create thrift? 其它行业是如何节俭的呢？
Well, it turns out that there are plenty of industries that are also thinking about their own waste and what we can do with it. 现在许多行业 都在思考如何解决 一个简单的例子, 就是在工业生产中
A simple example is the waste that they basically belch out as part of industrial processes . 一个简单的例子, 就是在工业生产中 排放的工业废气。
belch:vi.打嗝;喷出;vt.打嗝;喷出;n.打嗝;喷出物; industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
Most metal smelters give off an awful lot of carbon dioxide . 许多金属冶炼厂会在生产中 排放大量的二氧化碳。
smelters:n.熔铸工;(smelters是smelter的复数); carbon dioxide:二氧化碳;
Turns out, there's a company called Land Detector that's actually working in China and also soon in South Africa, that's able to take that waste gas -- about 700,000 tons per smelter -- 我发现一个叫 Land Detector 的公司 在中国和南非开展工作, 他们搜集工业废气—— 一个冶炼厂可以搜集70万吨废气——
Detector:n.探测器;检测器;发现者;侦察器;
and then turn it into about 400,000 tons of ethanol , which is equivalent to basically powering 250,000, or quarter of a million, cars for a year. 这些废气能转换成40万吨乙醇, 这相当于给25万量汽车提供了 一年的燃料。
ethanol:n.[有化]乙醇,[有化]酒精; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
That's a very effective use of waste. 这是有效利用生产废料的方法。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
How about products more close to home ? 那我们身边的产品呢？
close to home:触及痛处;
This is a simple solution . 这里有一个简单的办法,
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And it, again, takes the idea of reducing, reusing, but then also with economic advantage . 还是基于减少使用,重复利用的概念, 但同时能给经济带来好处。
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点:
So it's a simple process of changing from a cut and sew, where typically between 20 and 30 materials are used which are cut from a large cloth and then sewn together or even sometimes glued , they changed it and said that they just knitted the shoe. 这是一个简单的流程, 不再采用需要将 20到30种材料的裁剪和缝制—— 即从大块布料中剪下 再缝制或粘在一起的做法, 而是改用编织的方式。
sewn:v.缝纫,缝上;装订(sew的过去分词); glued:v.(用胶水)粘合,粘牢,粘贴(glue的过去分词和过去式) knitted:adj.编织的; v.编织; (knit的过去分词和过去式)
The advantage with this is not just a simplification of the process, it's also, "I've got one material. I have zero waste," 优点不仅仅是简化了流程, 而且我只需要一样材料, 没有浪费任何东西,
simplification:n.简化;简化的事物;
and then also, "I'm able to potentially recycle that at the end of its life." 以及在它寿终正寝时, 我还可以对它回收利用。
potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
Digital manufacturing is also allowing us to do this more effectively. 数字化制造也可以帮助我们 进行更有效的回收再利用。
Digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
In this case, it's actually creating the theoretical limit of strength for a material: you cannot get any stronger for the amount of material than this shape. 这个例子说明了一种材料的 理论极限强度: 你不可能找到比这强度 更强的模型。
theoretical:adj.理论的;理论上的;假设的;推理的;
So it's a basic simple block, but the idea is, I can extrapolate this, I can make it into large formats, 这是一个基本的、简单的方块, 但我可以在此基础上进行延伸, 并制作一些大型的东西,
extrapolate:vt.外推;推断;vi.外推;进行推断;
I can make it into buildings, bridges, but also airplane wings and shoes. 比如用来建楼、造桥, 还可以用来制作 飞机机翼和普通的鞋子。
airplane:n.飞机;
The idea here is, I'm minimizing the amount of material. 这背后的逻辑就是 将使用的材料降到最少。
minimizing:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要;(minimize的现在分词)
Here's a good example from architecture. 这是一个来自建筑业的很好的例子。
Typically, these sorts of metal nodes are used to hold up large tent structures . 这个金属连接节点通常被用于 固定大的帐篷结构。
nodes:n.茎节;(根或枝上的)瘤,节,结;节点;(node的复数) structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
In this case, it in was in the Hague, along a shopping center. 这是关于荷兰海牙的 一个大型购物中心,
They used 1600 of the materials on the left. 他们用了1600个左边的节点,
The difference is, by using the solution on the right, they cut down the number of steps from seven to one, because the one on the left is currently welded , the one on the right is simply just printed. 而用右边这个节点的不同之处在于, 他们将安装步骤从7步减到了1步, 因为左边的这个是焊接而成的, 而右边这个是直接打印出来的。
currently:adv.当前;一般地; welded:v.焊接;使结合(weld的过去分词);adj.焊的;焊接的;
And it was able to reduce waste to zero, cost less money and also, because it's made out of steel, can be eventually recycled at the end of its life. 这么做,可以实现零浪费, 还能降低成本, 同时,因为它是钢制品, 以后可以重新回收再利用。
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
Nature also is very effective at thrift. 大自然在节约方面 也是极其高效的,
Think about it: nature has zero waste. 想一想:大自然不会生产任何垃圾,
Everything is useful for another process. 每一样东西都能物尽其用。
So, in this case, nanocellulose , which is basically one of the very fine building blocks of cellulose, which is one of the materials that makes trees strong, you can isolate it, and it works very much like carbon fiber . 例如,纳米纤维, 它是纤维素极细微的组成部分, 纤维素是能让树木如此 坚固的物质之一, 你可以对它进行分离, 它的性质跟碳纤维非常相似。
nanocellulose:纳米纤维素; building blocks:(儿童玩的)积木;建筑砌块;堆积木;建筑砖块;基石; isolate:v.孤立; n.[微]分离菌; fiber:n.纤维;光纤(等于fibre);
So, take that from a tree, form it into fibers , and then those fibers can strengthen things, such as airplanes , buildings, cars. 从树木中提取纤维素, 接着再制成纤维, 然后这些纤维能用来加固东西, 例如飞机、建筑物、汽车。
fibers:n.纤维(fiber的复数); airplanes:n.(美)[航]飞机(airplane的复数);
The advantage of this, though, is it's not just bioderived , comes from a renewable resource, but also that it is transparent , so it can be used in consumer electronics , as well as food packaging. 这一做法的优点是, 纳米纤维不仅仅来自于 可再生的生物资源, 同时它还是透明的, 因此可以应用在 消费电子产品和食品包装上。
bioderived:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
Not bad for something that basically comes from the backyard . 这种再利用还不错吧！
backyard:n.后院;后庭;
Another one from the biosource is synthetic spider silk. 另一种来自生物界的材料 是合成蜘蛛丝。
synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物; spider:n.蜘蛛;
Now, it's very hard to actually create spider silk naturally . 用天然的方法 制造蜘蛛丝是很难的,
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
You can basically get it from spiders , but in large numbers, they tend to kill each other, eat each other, so you've got a problem with creating it, in the same way you do with regular silk. 你只能从蜘蛛获得蜘蛛丝, 但蜘蛛数量多了, 它们会自相残杀、互相蚕食, 所以如果你像收集蚕丝那样 去收集蜘蛛丝的话,就会遇到问题。
spiders:n.蜘蛛(spider的复数)
So what you can do is instead take the DNA from the spider, and put it into various different things. 那么,你可以做的 就是从蜘蛛中提取 DNA, 并将它放到不同的地方培养。
You can put it into bacteria , you can put it into yeast , you can put it into milk. 你可以把它放到细菌里, 放到酵母里, 放到牛奶里。
bacteria:n.[微]细菌; yeast:n.酵母;泡沫;酵母片;引起骚动因素;
And what you can do then is, the milk or the bacteria produce in much larger volumes and then from that, spin a yarn and then create a fabric or a rope. 之后,你能做的是, 当牛奶或细菌产生 大量的丝状物后, 提取出来纺纱, 接着制作织物或绳子。
volumes:n.卷;体积;容积;大量;(volumes是volume的复数) spin a yarn:讲故事;编造故事;胡诌; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
Again, bioderived, has incredible strength -- about the same as Kevlar -- so they're using it in things like bulletproof vests and helmets and outdoor jackets. 它来源于生物,有着惊人的强度—— 大约和芳纶纤维一样强, 因此可以用来制作防弹背心和头盔, 以及户外夹克,
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; Kevlar:n.用在芳族聚酰胺纤维商品上的商标; bulletproof:adj.防弹的; vests:n.[服装]背心(vest的复数);v.授予(vest的单三形式); outdoor:adj.户外的;露天的;
It has a great performance . 性能十分出众。
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
But again, it's bioderived, and at the end of its life, it potentially can go back into the soil and get composted to again be potentially used as a new material. 但别忘了,这是生物衍生物, 当它不再有使用价值时, 就可以变成土地里的肥料, 作为一种新的东西重新被利用。
composted:n.堆肥;混合物;vt.堆肥;施堆肥;
I'd like to leave you with one last form which is biobased, but this, I think, is like the ultimate thrift. 最后,我还想给你们介绍 一种基于生物的产品, 而我觉得,这才是终极的节俭。
ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则;
Think about the poster child for conspicuous consumption . 想想挥霍式消费的典型代表,
poster child:n.(为慈善等目的)出现在海报上的儿童;代表人物;典型; conspicuous consumption:n.夸耀性消费;炫耀性购买;
It's the water bottle. 那就是矿泉水瓶。
We have too many of them, they're basically going everywhere, they're a problem in the ocean. 我们有非常多的这样的水瓶, 它们无处不在, 是海洋污染重要来源之一。
What do we do with them? 那我们能做些什么呢？
This process is able not just to recycle them, but to recycle them infinitely . 我们不仅应该让 水瓶可以回收再利用, 而且应该让这个过程无限进行下去。
infinitely:adv.无限地;极其;
Why is that interesting? 为什么这点很有意思呢？
Because when we think about reusing and recycling, metals, glass, things like that, can be recycled as many times as you like. 因为像那些能重复利用 和回收再利用的东西, 比如金属、玻璃等等, 都能被回收再利用很多次。
There's metal in your car that may well have come from a 1950s Oldsmobile , because you can recycle it infinitely with no loss of performance. 比如你的汽车的金属配件, 可能来自19世纪50年代的 奥尔兹莫比尔汽车。 因为你可以无限地 回收这些金属,没有一点损耗。
Oldsmobile:n.奥尔兹莫比尔牌汽车;
Plastics offer about once or twice of recycling, whether it's a bottle, whether it's a chair -- whatever it is, if it's carpet -- after two times of recycling, whether it goes back into another chair, etc, it tends to lose strength, it's no longer of any use. 而塑料只能被回收再利用一到两次, 不管是塑料水瓶, 还是塑料椅子—— 不论是什么,还比如地毯—— 如果它被回收过两次后, 不论被用来制作椅子还是其他东西, 它的强度都会降低, 不能再被用来制作任何东西了。
carpet:n.地毯;v.用地毯铺(房间的)地板;
This, though, just using a few enzymes , is able to recycle it infinitely. 然而我们可以利用酶, 让塑料可以无限回收再利用。
enzymes:n.[生化]酶(enzyme的复数);酶类,酵素;
I take a bottle or a chair or some other plastic product, 比如,我可以拿塑料瓶、 塑料椅或其他塑料制品,
I basically put it in with a few enzymes, they break it apart, they basically put it back into its original molecules . 在里面加入一些酶, 酶会将它们分解成 最原始的分子形态。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
And then from those molecules, you can build another chair or carpet or bottle. 之后,用这些分子, 重新制作塑料椅、地毯和塑料水瓶。
So, the cycle is infinite. 所以,这可以是个无限循环。
The advantage with that, of course, is that you have potentially zero loss of material resources. 当然,这样做的优点是, 你不会浪费任何物质资源。
Again, the perfect idea of thrift. 再强调一次, 这是一个节俭的好方法。
So in conclusion , I just want to have you think about -- if you make anything, if you're any part of a design firm, if you basically are refurbishing your house -- any aspect where you make something, 总结一下,我想让大家思考—— 如果你需要制作什么东西, 如果你是设计公司的一员, 如果你需要翻修你的房子—— 不论你想做什么东西,
in conclusion:总之;最后; refurbishing:v.翻修;重新清理(refurbish的ing形式);
think about how that product could potentially be used as a second life, or third life or fourth life. 都请想一想,这个产品二次利用, 三次利用,四次利用后 都能拿来做什么。
Design in the ability for it to be taken apart. 产品应该被设计成易被分解的。
That, to me, is the ultimate thrift, and I think that's basically what my grandmother would love. 我认为这就是终极的节俭, 我想这会是我祖母希望看到的。
(Applause) （掌声）