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AmyCuddy_2012G-_肢体语言塑造你自己_
So I want to start by offering you a free no-tech life hack , and all it requires of you is this: that you change your posture for two minutes. [00:13]
hack:n.砍; v.砍; adj.出租的; posture:n.姿势;态度;看法;立场;处理方式;v.故作姿态;装样子
But before I give it away, I want to ask you to right now do a little audit of your body and what you're doing with your body. [00:25]
audit:v.审计;[审计]查账;n.审计;[审计]查账;
So how many of you are sort of making yourselves smaller? [00:32]
Maybe you're hunching, crossing your legs, maybe wrapping your ankles. [00:34]
wrapping:n.包装材料;包装纸;v.包,裹(礼物等);用…包裹;(wrap的现在分词)
Sometimes we hold onto our arms like this. [00:38]
hold onto:抓紧
Sometimes we spread out . (Laughter) [00:42]
spread out:冒火;喷火;
I see you. (Laughter) [00:45]
So I want you to pay attention to what you're doing right now. [00:48]
pay attention to:注意
We're going to come back to that in a few minutes, and I'm hoping that if you learn to tweak this a little bit, it could significantly change the way your life unfolds . [00:50]
tweak:vt.扭;拧;扯;稍稍调整;n.扭;拧;扯;轻微调整 significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地; unfolds:vt.打开;呈现;vi.展开;显露;
So, we're really fascinated with body language , and we're particularly interested in other people's body language. [00:59]
body language:n.身势语; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
You know, we're interested in, like, you know — (Laughter) — an awkward interaction , or a smile, or a contemptuous glance , or maybe a very awkward wink , or maybe even something like a handshake . [01:08]
awkward:adj.尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; contemptuous:adj.轻蔑的;侮辱的; glance:v.浏览;扫视;瞥一眼;匆匆一看;n.一瞥;扫视;匆匆一看; wink:v.眨眼;使眼色;闪烁;n.眨眼;使眼色;闪烁;瞬间; handshake:n.握手;
Narrator : Here they are arriving at Number 10, and look at this lucky policeman gets to shake hands with the President of the United States. Oh, and here comes [01:24]
Narrator:n.讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员;旁白员; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
the Prime Minister of the — ? No. (Laughter) (Applause) [01:32]
Prime Minister:n.首相;总理;
(Laughter) (Applause) [01:37]
Amy Cuddy : So a handshake, or the lack of a handshake, can have us talking for weeks and weeks and weeks. [01:39]
Cuddy:n.小房间;小船室;船室兼厨房;
Even the BBC and The New York Times. [01:46]
So obviously when we think about nonverbal behavior, or body language -- but we call it nonverbals as social scientists -- it's language, so we think about communication. [01:48]
nonverbal:adj.不用语言的;不用动词的;
When we think about communication, we think about interactions . [01:58]
interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数)
So what is your body language communicating to me? [02:00]
What's mine communicating to you? [02:03]
And there's a lot of reason to believe that this is a valid way to look at this. So social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language, or other people's body language, on judgments . [02:06]
valid:adj.有效的;有根据的;合法的;正当的; judgments:判断;
And we make sweeping judgments and inferences from body language. [02:18]
sweeping:n.扫除; adj.影响广泛的; v.打扫; (sweep的现在分词) inferences:n.[数]推断,[数]推论(inference复数形式);
And those judgments can predict really meaningful life outcomes like who we hire or promote , who we ask out on a date. [02:22]
predict:v.预报;预言;预告; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) promote:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;
For example, Nalini Ambady, a researcher at Tufts University, shows that when people watch 30-second soundless clips of real physician-patient interactions, their judgments of the physician 's niceness predict whether or not that physician will be sued. [02:29]
Tufts:n.塔夫茨大学(美国马萨诸塞州的一所大学); soundless:adj.无声的;寂静的; clips:n.夹子; v.夹住; physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; niceness:n.美好的事物;讲究;精密; whether or not:是否…;
So it doesn't have to do so much with whether or not that physician was incompetent , but do we like that person and how they interacted ? [02:47]
incompetent:adj.无能力的,不胜任的;不合适的;不适当的;无力的;n.无能力者; interacted:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的过去分词和过去式)
Even more dramatic , Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates' faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes, and even, let's go digital , emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation. [02:54]
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; Princeton:n.普林斯顿(美国新泽西州中部的自治市镇); Senate:n.参议院,上院;(古罗马的)元老院; gubernatorial:adj.州长的;统治者的;地方长官的;总督的; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; emoticons:n.情感符(等于Smiley); negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
If you use them poorly, bad idea. Right? [03:18]
So when we think of nonverbals, we think of how we judge others, how they judge us and what the outcomes are. [03:21]
We tend to forget, though, the other audience that's influenced by our nonverbals, and that's ourselves. [03:27]
influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式)
We are also influenced by our nonverbals, our thoughts and our feelings and our physiology . [03:33]
physiology:n.生理学;生理机能;
So what nonverbals am I talking about? [03:38]
I'm a social psychologist . I study prejudice , and I teach at a competitive business school , so it was inevitable that I would become interested in power dynamics . [03:41]
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; prejudice:n.偏见;侵害;vt.损害;使有偏见; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的; business school:n.(大学里针对毕业生的)工商学院; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; dynamics:n.动力学,力学;
I became especially interested in nonverbal expressions of power and dominance . [03:51]
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数) dominance:n.优势;统治;支配;
And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? [03:57]
Well, this is what they are. [04:00]
So in the animal kingdom, they are about expanding . [04:02]
expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词)
So you make yourself big, you stretch out , you take up space, you're basically opening up . [04:05]
stretch out:v.伸出;伸直四肢; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用;
It's about opening up. And this is true across the animal kingdom. It's not just limited to primates . [04:11]
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) primates:n.灵长类;
And humans do the same thing. (Laughter) [04:18]
So they do this both when they have power sort of chronically , and also when they're feeling powerful in the moment. [04:21]
chronically:adv.长期地;慢性地;习惯性地;
And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. [04:28]
universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
This expression, which is known as pride, [04:35]
Jessica Tracy has studied. She shows that people who are born with sight and people who are congenitally blind do this when they win at a physical competition . [04:37]
congenitally:adv.先天地;天生地; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
So when they cross the finish line and they've won, it doesn't matter if they've never seen anyone do it. [04:48]
They do this. [04:52]
So the arms up in the V, the chin is slightly lifted. [04:53]
chin:n.下巴;颏;v.(口)用下巴夹住(提琴等);(单杠)引体向上使下巴高过横杠;谈话; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
What do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up. We wrap ourselves up. [04:56]
We make ourselves small. We don't want to bump into the person next to us. [05:03]
bump:n.肿块,隆起物;撞击;v.碰撞,撞击;颠簸而行;adv.突然地,猛烈地;
So again, both animals and humans do the same thing. [05:06]
And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other's nonverbals. [05:09]
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配; high and low:到处;高低贵贱; complement:n.补语;余角;补足物;vt.补足,补助;
So if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We don't mirror them. [05:19]
We do the opposite of them. [05:24]
So I'm watching this behavior in the classroom, and what do I notice? I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. [05:26]
exhibit:v.展览;表现;展出;n.陈列品;(在法庭上出示的)物证;
So you have people who are like caricatures of alphas , really coming into the room, they get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space. [05:39]
caricatures:n.漫画;讽刺画;漫画手法;vt.画成漫画讽刺; alphas:阿尔法; occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌;
When they sit down, they're sort of spread out. [05:48]
They raise their hands like this. [05:50]
You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. As soon they come in, you see it. [05:52]
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; collapsing:v.倒塌,坍塌; (collapse的现在分词)
You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they go like this when they raise their hand. [05:57]
I notice a couple of things about this. [06:05]
One, you're not going to be surprised. [06:07]
It seems to be related to gender . [06:08]
gender:n.性别;
So women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. [06:11]
Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising. But the other thing I noticed is that it also seemed to be related to the extent to which the students were participating , and how well they were participating. [06:16]
extent:n.程度;范围;长度; participating:v.参加;参与(participate的现在分词)
And this is really important in the MBA classroom, because participation counts for half the grade. [06:29]
participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
So business schools have been struggling with this gender grade gap . [06:35]
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
You get these equally qualified women and men coming in and then you get these differences in grades, and it seems to be partly attributable to participation. [06:39]
qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式) attributable:adj.可归于…的;可归属的;
So I started to wonder, you know, okay, so you have these people coming in like this, and they're participating. Is it possible that we could get people to fake it and would it lead them to participate more? [06:48]
fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的; participate:v.参加;参与;
So my main collaborator Dana Carney, who's at Berkeley, and I really wanted to know, can you fake it till you make it? [06:59]
collaborator:n.[劳经]合作者;勾结者;通敌者; Dana:n.美国德纳(美国汽车公司);
Like, can you do this just for a little while and actually experience a behavioral outcome that makes you seem more powerful? [07:07]
behavioral:adj.行为的;
So we know that our nonverbals govern how other people think and feel about us. There's a lot of evidence . [07:14]
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
But our question really was, do our nonverbals govern how we think and feel about ourselves? [07:19]
There's some evidence that they do. [07:25]
So, for example, we smile when we feel happy, but also, when we're forced to smile by holding a pen in our teeth like this, it makes us feel happy. [07:28]
So it goes both ways. When it comes to power, it also goes both ways. So when you feel powerful, you're more likely to do this, but it's also possible that [07:39]
when you pretend to be powerful, you are more likely to actually feel powerful. [07:51]
So the second question really was, you know, so we know that our minds change our bodies, but is it also true that our bodies change our minds? [07:59]
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what am I talking about? [08:09]
So I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that's hormones . I look at hormones . [08:13]
physiological:adj.生理学的,生理的; hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数);
So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? [08:22]
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
So powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly , more assertive and more confident , more optimistic . [08:26]
surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地 assertive:adj.肯定的;独断的;坚定而自信的; confident:adj.自信的;确信的; optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的;
They actually feel that they're going to win even at games of chance. [08:35]
They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. [08:38]
So there are a lot of differences. They take more risks. [08:42]
There are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. [08:45]
Physiologically , there also are differences on two key hormones: testosterone , which is the dominance hormone, and cortisol , which is the stress hormone. [08:47]
Physiologically:adv.生理学方面; testosterone:n.[生化]睾酮,睾丸素(男性荷尔蒙的一种); cortisol:n.[生化]皮质醇;考的索;[药]氢化可的松;
So what we find is that high-power alpha males in primate hierarchies have high testosterone and low cortisol, and powerful and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol. [08:58]
high-power:adj.大功率的;高功率的; hierarchies:n.阶层,层级;[数]分层,分类; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
So what does that mean? When you think about power, people tended to think only about testosterone, because that was about dominance. [09:15]
But really, power is also about how you react to stress. [09:21]
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应;
So do you want the high-power leader that's dominant , high on testosterone, but really stress reactive ? [09:25]
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性; reactive:adj.反应的;电抗的;反动的;
Probably not, right? You want the person who's powerful and assertive and dominant, but not very stress reactive, the person who's laid back . [09:30]
laid back:adj.懒散的;悠闲的;闲散的;
So we know that in primate hierarchies, if an alpha needs to take over , if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly, within a few days, that individual's testosterone has gone up significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly. [09:39]
take over:接管;继承;接收;接任;接替; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
So we have this evidence, both that the body can shape the mind, at least at the facial level, and also that role changes can shape the mind. [09:58]
facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩;
So what happens, okay, you take a role change, what happens if you do that at a really minimal level, like this tiny manipulation , this tiny intervention ? [10:07]
minimal:adj.最低的;最小限度的; manipulation:n.操作;管理措施;处理;操纵证券市场;变换; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍;
'"For two minutes," you say, "I want you to stand like this, and it's going to make you feel more powerful." [10:15]
So this is what we did. We decided to bring people into the lab and run a little experiment, and these people adopted , for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses, and I'm just going to show you five of the poses, although they took on only two. [10:21]
adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词); poses:姿势;
So here's one. [10:39]
A couple more. [10:41]
This one has been dubbed the "Wonder Woman" [10:43]
dubbed:v.把…戏称为; (dub的过去分词和过去式)
by the media . [10:46]
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
Here are a couple more. [10:49]
So you can be standing or you can be sitting. [10:50]
And here are the low-power poses. [10:52]
So you're folding up, you're making yourself small. [10:54]
This one is very low-power. [10:58]
When you're touching your neck, you're really protecting yourself. [11:00]
So this is what happens. They come in, they spit into a vial , we for two minutes say, "You need to do this or this." [11:04]
vial:n.(用于盛装香水、药物等的)小瓶;
They don't look at pictures of the poses. We don't want to prime them with a concept of power. We want them to be feeling power, right? So two minutes they do this. [11:12]
We then ask them, "How powerful do you feel?" on a series of items , and then we give them an opportunity to gamble , and then we take another saliva sample. [11:19]
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数) gamble:vi.赌博; vt.赌博; n.赌博; saliva:n.唾液;涎;
That's it. That's the whole experiment. [11:28]
So this is what we find. Risk tolerance , which is the gambling , what we find is that when you're in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble. [11:29]
tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; gambling:n.赌博;投机;v.赌博;打赌;(gamble的现在分词)
When you're in the low-power pose condition, only 60 percent, and that's a pretty whopping significant difference. [11:39]
whopping:adj.巨大的;天大的;adv.非常地;异常地;v.猛打;抽出(whop的ing形式);
Here's what we find on testosterone. [11:45]
From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20-percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease . [11:48]
baseline:n.基线;底线; decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置;
So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. [11:58]
Here's what you get on cortisol. High-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15-percent increase. [12:01]
So two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident and comfortable, or really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we've all had the feeling, right? [12:11]
hormonal:adj.荷尔蒙的,激素的; configure:vt.安装;使成形;
So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves, so it's not just others, but it's also ourselves. [12:28]
Also, our bodies change our minds. [12:35]
But the next question, of course, is can power posing for a few minutes really change your life in meaningful ways? [12:38]
posing:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;摆好姿势;(pose的现在分词)
So this is in the lab. It's this little task, you know, it's just a couple of minutes. Where can you actually apply this? Which we cared about, of course. [12:44]
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
And so we think it's really, what matters, I mean, where you want to use this is evaluative situations like social threat situations. Where are you being evaluated , either by your friends? Like for teenagers it's at the lunchroom table. [12:52]
evaluative:adj.可估价的;可评估的; evaluated:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的过去分词和过去式) lunchroom:n.速简餐厅;学校或工厂的餐厅;
It could be, you know, for some people it's speaking at a school board meeting. It might be giving a pitch or giving a talk like this or doing a job interview . [13:06]
pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇: interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈;
We decided that the one that most people could relate to because most people had been through was the job interview. [13:17]
So we published these findings , and the media are all over it, and they say, Okay, so this is what you do when you go in for the job interview, right? (Laughter) [13:22]
findings:n.调查发现;判决;裁决;(finding的复数) go in for:参加,从事;追求;赞成;
You know, so we were of course horrified , and said, [13:32]
horrified:adj.惊骇的;带有恐怖感的;v.惊骇(horrify的过去式和过去分词);使…战悚;
Oh my God, no, no, no, that's not what we meant at all. [13:34]
For numerous reasons, no, no, no, don't do that. [13:36]
numerous:adj.许多的,很多的;
Again, this is not about you talking to other people. [13:39]
It's you talking to yourself. What do you do before you go into a job interview? You do this. [13:42]
Right? You're sitting down. You're looking at your iPhone -- or your Android , not trying to leave anyone out. [13:46]
Android:n.机器人;安卓操作系统;
You are, you know, you're looking at your notes, you're hunching up, making yourself small, when really what you should be doing maybe is this, like, in the bathroom, right? Do that. Find two minutes. [13:51]
So that's what we want to test. Okay? [14:00]
So we bring people into a lab, and they do either high- or low-power poses again, they go through a very stressful job interview. [14:02]
stressful:adj.紧张的;有压力的;
It's five minutes long. They are being recorded. [14:10]
They're being judged also, and the judges are trained to give no nonverbal feedback , so they look like this. Like, imagine this is the person interviewing you. [14:14]
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; interviewing:v.对(某人)进行面试;(媒体)采访,访问;(interview的现在分词)
So for five minutes, nothing, and this is worse than being heckled . [14:24]
heckled:v.(对演说者)责问,诘问,起哄(heckle的过去分词和过去式)
People hate this. It's what Marianne LaFrance calls "standing in social quicksand ." [14:29]
quicksand:n.[水利]流沙,危险状态;
So this really spikes your cortisol. [14:34]
spikes:n.钉鞋(spike的复数);v.把…钉牢(spike的第三人称单数);
So this is the job interview we put them through, because we really wanted to see what happened. [14:36]
We then have these coders look at these tapes, four of them. [14:40]
coders:n.编码器;编码员;
They're blind to the hypothesis . They're blind to the conditions. [14:44]
hypothesis:n.假设;
They have no idea who's been posing in what pose, and they end up looking at these sets of tapes, and they say, "Oh, we want to hire these people," -- all the high-power posers -- "we don't want to hire these people. [14:47]
posers:n.难题;装腔作势者;不易处理的事;
We also evaluate these people much more positively overall ." [15:00]
positively:adv.肯定地;明确地;断然地; overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
But what's driving it? It's not about the content of the speech. [15:03]
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
It's about the presence that they're bringing to the speech. [15:08]
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
We also, because we rate them on all these variables related to competence , like, how well-structured is the speech? How good is it? What are their qualifications ? [15:11]
variables:n.[数]变量; competence:n.能力,胜任;权限;作证能力;足以过舒适生活的收入; qualifications:n.资格证书;任职资格;职位要求;限定性条件(qualification的复数形式);
No effect on those things. This is what's affected. [15:18]
These kinds of things. People are bringing their true selves, basically. They're bringing themselves. [15:21]
They bring their ideas, but as themselves, with no, you know, residue over them. [15:27]
residue:n.残渣;剩余;滤渣;
So this is what's driving the effect, or mediating the effect. [15:31]
mediating:调停;
So when I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, "I don't -- It feels fake." Right? [15:36]
So I said, fake it till you make it. I don't -- It's not me. [15:47]
I don't want to get there and then still feel like a fraud . [15:51]
fraud:n.欺骗;骗子;诡计;
I don't want to feel like an impostor . [15:54]
impostor:n.骗子;冒充者;
I don't want to get there only to feel like I'm not supposed to be here. [15:56]
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And that really resonated with me, because I want to tell you a little story about being an impostor and feeling like I'm not supposed to be here. [16:00]
resonated:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident. [16:08]
I was thrown out of a car, rolled several times. [16:11]
I was thrown from the car. And I woke up in a head injury rehab ward, and I had been withdrawn from college, and I learned that my I.Q. had dropped by two standard deviations , which was very traumatic . [16:14]
injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处; rehab:n.修复(等于rehabilitation);v.修复(等于rehabilitate); withdrawn:adj.偏僻的;沉默寡言的;孤独的;v.取出;撤退(withdraw的过去分词); standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; deviations:n.差异,偏差(deviation复数); traumatic:adj.外伤的;创伤的;n.外伤药;
I knew my I.Q. because I had identified with being smart, and I had been called gifted as a child. [16:30]
identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词) gifted:adj.有天赋的;有才华的;
So I'm taken out of college, I keep trying to go back. [16:35]
They say, "You're not going to finish college. [16:38]
Just, you know, there are other things for you to do, but that's not going to work out for you." [16:40]
So I really struggled with this, and I have to say, having your identity taken from you, your core identity, and for me it was being smart, having that taken from you, there's nothing that leaves you feeling more powerless than that. [16:44]
struggled:v.奋斗;努力;争取;艰难地行进;抗争;(struggle的过去式和过去分词) identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
So I felt entirely powerless. I worked and worked and worked, and I got lucky, and worked, and got lucky, and worked. [16:57]
Eventually I graduated from college. [17:03]
Eventually:adv.最后,终于;
It took me four years longer than my peers , and I convinced someone, my angel advisor, Susan Fiske, to take me on, and so I ended up at Princeton, and I was like, I am not supposed to be here. [17:05]
peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式)
I am an impostor. [17:18]
And the night before my first-year talk, and the first-year talk at Princeton is a 20-minute talk to 20 people. That's it. [17:19]
I was so afraid of being found out the next day that I called her and said, "I'm quitting ." [17:25]
quitting:v.离开;离任;离校;停止;戒掉;(quit的现在分词)
She was like, "You are not quitting, because I took a gamble on you, and you're staying. [17:31]
You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do. [17:35]
You are going to fake it. [17:37]
You're going to do every talk that you ever get asked to do. [17:39]
You're just going to do it and do it and do it, even if you're terrified and just paralyzed and having an out-of-body experience , until you have this moment where you say, 'Oh my gosh, I'm doing it. [17:43]
paralyzed:adj.瘫痪的;麻痹的;v.使麻痹;使无力;使失去勇气(paralyze的过去分词); out-of-body experience:n.离体体验;
Like, I have become this. I am actually doing this.'" [17:53]
So that's what I did. Five years in grad school, a few years, you know, I'm at Northwestern , [17:56]
grad:n.毕业生;校友; Northwestern:adj.来自西北的;西北方的;在西北部的;
I moved to Harvard , I'm at Harvard , I'm not really thinking about it anymore, but for a long time I had been thinking, "Not supposed to be here. Not supposed to be here." [18:00]
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
So at the end of my first year at Harvard, a student who had not talked in class the entire semester , who I had said, "Look, you've gotta participate or else you're going to fail," [18:09]
semester:n.学期;半年;
came into my office. I really didn't know her at all. [18:19]
And she said, she came in totally defeated, and she said, "I'm not supposed to be here." [18:21]
And that was the moment for me. Because two things happened. [18:31]
One was that I realized, oh my gosh, I don't feel like that anymore. You know. [18:35]
I don't feel that anymore, but she does, and I get that feeling. [18:40]
And the second was, she is supposed to be here! [18:43]
Like, she can fake it, she can become it. [18:45]
So I was like, "Yes, you are! You are supposed to be here! [18:47]
And tomorrow you're going to fake it, you're going to make yourself powerful, and, you know, you're gonna — " (Applause) [18:51]
(Applause) [18:59]
'"And you're going to go into the classroom, and you are going to give the best comment ever." [19:01]
You know? And she gave the best comment ever, and people turned around and they were like, oh my God, I didn't even notice her sitting there, you know? (Laughter) [19:07]
She comes back to me months later, and I realized that she had not just faked it till she made it, she had actually faked it till she became it. [19:15]
faked:v.伪造;冒充;假装,佯装,装出;(fake的过去分词和过去式)
So she had changed. [19:23]
And so I want to say to you, don't fake it till you make it. [19:24]
Fake it till you become it. You know? It's not — [19:29]
Do it enough until you actually become it and internalize . [19:31]
internalize:vt.使(习俗等经吸收同化而)内在化;使藏在心底;
The last thing I'm going to leave you with is this. [19:35]
Tiny tweaks can lead to big changes. [19:38]
tweaks:拧;扭;微调;苦恼(第三人称单数);
So this is two minutes. [19:42]
Two minutes, two minutes, two minutes. [19:45]
Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator , in a bathroom stall , at your desk behind closed doors . [19:46]
elevator:n.电梯;升降机;升降舵;起卸机; stall:n.摊位;牲畜棚;小隔间,淋浴室,洗手间;v.(使)熄火,抛锚;故意拖延; behind closed doors:秘密;秘密地;紧闭的门后;与外界隔绝地;
That's what you want to do. Configure your brain to cope the best in that situation. [19:56]
cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣;
Get your testosterone up. Get your cortisol down. [20:00]
Don't leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn't show them who I am. [20:03]
Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really feel like [20:07]
I got to say who I am and show who I am. [20:09]
So I want to ask you first, you know, both to try power posing, and also I want to ask you to share the science, because this is simple. [20:11]
I don't have ego involved in this. (Laughter) [20:22]
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
Give it away. Share it with people, because the people who can use it the most are the ones with no resources and no technology and no status and no power. Give it to them because they can do it in private . [20:24]
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; in private:私下地;秘密地;
They need their bodies, privacy and two minutes, and it can significantly change the outcomes of their life. [20:37]
privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
Thank you. (Applause) [20:42]
(Applause) [20:47]