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AmoryLovins_2012S-_一个40年的能源计划_
America's public energy conversation boils down to this question: 美国的公众能源的讨论 可以归结为这个问题
Would you rather die of A) oil wars, or B) climate change, or C) nuclear holocaust , or D) all of the above? 你比较倾向于哪种死法:A)石油战争 B) 气候变化 C) 核战浩劫 D) 以上所有
nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭;
Oh, I missed one: or E) none of the above? 哦,我还忘了一个 E) 以上都不要?
That's the one we're not normally offered. 正常情况下没有这个选项
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
What if we could make energy do our work without working our undoing? 如果我们可以利用能源,帮助我们工作 而又不会招致灭亡,将有多好?
What if:如果…怎么办?
Could we have fuel without fear? 我们能不能安心地使用燃料?
Could we reinvent fire? 我们能不能重燃火源(Reinvent fire是艾默里·罗文斯的关于能源运用方式改造的新书)?
reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;
You see, fire made us human; fossil fuels made us modern. 大家知道,用火造就了人类 化石燃料引领我们变得现代化
fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
But now we need a new fire that makes us safe, secure, healthy and durable . 但现在我们需要一种新的火 一种能让我们安全,有保障,健康而且可持续的火
durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品;
Let's see how. 让我们来看看要怎么做
Four-fifths of the world's energy still comes from burning each year four cubic miles of the rotted remains of primeval swamp goo. 世界能源的五分之四 仍然来自于每年燃烧 四平方英里原始沼泽 遗留的腐化物质
cubic:adj.立方体的,立方的; primeval:adj.原始的;初期的(等于primaeval); swamp:v.淹没;使不堪承受;使疲于应对;使应接不暇;n.沼泽(地);
Those fossil fuels have built our civilization . 化石燃料 造就了我们的文明
civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明;
They've created our wealth . 创造了我们的财富
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
They've enriched the lives of billions. 丰富了数十亿人的生活
enriched:v.使丰富;使饱含(某物);使富有;(enrich的过去分词和过去式)
But they also have rising costs to our security, economy , health and environment that are starting to erode , if not outweigh their benefits. 但它们也在导致 我们安全、经济、健康和环境的成本上升 这些成本正逐渐侵蚀效益,虽然现在仍可能是利大于弊
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; erode:vt.腐蚀,侵蚀;vi.侵蚀;受腐蚀; outweigh:vt.比…重(在重量上);比…重要;比…有价值;
So we need a new fire. 所以我们需要一种新的火
And switching from the old fire to the new fire means changing two big stories about oil and electricity , each of which puts two-fifths of the fossil carbon in the air. 从旧的火转换为新的火 意味着两大改变:石油与电力 它们都会向空气排放五分之二的化石碳
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
But they're really quite distinct . 但两者间显著差别
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
Less than one percent of our electricity is made from oil -- although almost half is made from coal. 只有不到1%的电力来自于石油能源 而将近一半的电力来自于燃煤
Their uses are quite concentrated . 两者用途又都非常集中
concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词)
Three-fourths of our oil fuel is transportation . 四分之三的石油被用于交通运输
Three-fourths:四分之三; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
Three-fourths of our electricity powers buildings. 四分之三的电力被用于建筑物供电
And the rest of both runs factories. 两者的剩下部分被用于工厂运作
So very efficient vehicles , buildings and factories save oil and coal, and also natural gas that can displace both of them. 因此高效的车辆,建筑物与工厂 可以节省石油和煤 也能省下可以替代石油和煤的天然气
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) natural gas:n.天然气; displace:vt.取代;置换;转移;把…免职;排水;
But today's energy system is not just inefficient , it is also disconnected , aging, dirty and insecure . 但是当今的能源系统不仅效率低下 而且零散 老旧,肮脏,还不安全
inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的; disconnected:adj.分离的; v.切断(煤气、水或电的供应); (disconnect的过去式和过去分词) insecure:adj.不安全的;不稳定的;不牢靠的;
So it needs refurbishment . 因此能源系统需要改头换面
refurbishment:n.整修;翻新;重新磨亮;
By 2050 though, it could become efficient, connected and distributed with elegantly frugal autos , factories and buildings all relying on a modern, secure and resilient electricity system. 到2050年,它会变得更有效率 更具系统,被妥善运用 因为简约节能的 汽车、工厂以及建筑物 都依赖于现代、安全 并且灵活的电力系统
distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) elegantly:adv.优美地; frugal:adj.节俭的;朴素的;花钱少的; autos:n.汽车(auto的复数形式);汽车股票; relying:v.依赖;信任;指望(rely的现在分词); resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
We can eliminate our addiction to oil and coal by 2050 and use one-third less natural gas while switching to efficient use and renewable supply. 到2050年,我们将不再依赖石油和煤 并减少三分之一的天然气使用量 与此同时我们将有效地使用能源 与可再生资源
eliminate:v.消除;排除; addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
This could cost, by 2050, five trillion dollars less in net present value, that is expressed as a lump sum today, than business as usual -- assuming that carbon emissions 到2050年,这一切开销 将比现在净价值少5万亿美元 这里是指总价 是与照常营运相比—— 假设碳排放
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式) lump sum:n.一次总付的钱款; business as usual:na.照常营业; assuming:conj.假设…为真; adj.傲慢的; v.假定; (assume的现在分词) emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
and all other hidden or external costs are worth zero -- a conservatively low estimate . 以及所有其他隐性或外部成本为零 这只是保守的估计
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; conservatively:adv.谨慎地;保存地;适当地; estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本;
Yet this cheaper energy system could support 158 percent bigger U.S. economy all without needing oil or coal, or for that matter nuclear energy . 但是这个更低耗的能源系统 能够支持相当于现量158%的美国经济 完全不需要石油或煤 或是核能
nuclear energy:n.核能;原子能;
Moreover , this transition needs no new inventions and no acts of Congress and no new federal taxes, mandate subsidies or laws and running Washington gridlock . 此外,这个转变不需要新发明 也不需要国会的法令 不需要新的联邦税种,强制补助或立法 或是使美国政府陷入困境
Moreover:adv.而且;此外; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数) gridlock:vi.交通阻塞;n.僵局;极端严重的全面交通壅塞;
Let me say that again. 让我重申一次
I'm going to tell you how to get the United States completely off oil and coal, five trillion dollars cheaper with no act of Congress led by business for profit . 我将告诉你怎样让美国 完全摆脱石油或煤,减少5万亿美元的开销 而且不需要 以盈利组织为主导的国会制订新法
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益;
In other words, we're going to use our most effective institutions -- private enterprise co-evolving with civil society and sped by military innovation to go around our least effective institutions. 换句话说,我们将利用我们最有效的组织 民营企业 与公民社会共同进步 并通过军队改革,来加速这一进程 这样才能绕过最低效的机构
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) private enterprise:n.私营企业;民营企业; co-evolving:共同演化; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
And whether you care most about profits and jobs and competitive advantage or national security, or environmental stewardship and climate protection and public health, reinventing fire makes sense and makes money. 不论你最关心的是 利润、工作和竞争优势 还是国家安全、环境管理 还是气候保护和公众健康 重新发明能源使用方式,合理也有赚头
profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: stewardship:n.管理工作;管事人的职位及职责; reinventing:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的现在分词)
General Eisenhower reputedly said that enlarging the boundaries of a tough problem makes it soluble by encompassing more options and more synergies . 据说艾森豪威尔将军曾说过 扩大一个难题的范围 就能涵盖更多的选择和协同作用,从而解决问题
Eisenhower:n.艾森豪威尔(美国第三十四任总统); reputedly:adv.据说,一般认为;根据风评; boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数) soluble:adj.[化学]可溶的,可溶解的;可解决的; encompassing:adj.包含的;包容的,环绕;v.围绕,包围(encompass的ing形式); options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) synergies:n.协同增效效应;合并效果(synergy的复数);
So in reinventing fire, we integrated all four sectors that use energy -- transportation, buildings, industry and electricity -- and we integrated four kinds of innovation, not just technology and policy , but also design and business strategy . 因此在重新发明能源使用方式时 我们整合耗能的全部四个领域—— 交通,建筑,工业与电力—— 也整合了四种创新 不只是科技与政策 也包括设计和商业策略
integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
Those combinations yield very much more than the sum of the parts, especially in creating deeply disruptive business opportunities. 这些组合产生的效益 远高于各项的总和 特别是合并后,将创造颠覆性的商业机遇
combinations:n.[数]组合;制品(combination的复数);合谱; yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
Oil costs our economy two billion dollars a day, plus another four billion dollars a day in hidden economic and military costs, raising its total cost to over a sixth of GDP. 石油每天花去我们20亿美元 再加上另外的 隐性经济与军费开支花去的40亿美元 石油总消费超过GDP(国内生产总值)的六分之一
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
Our mobility fuel goes three-fifths to automobiles . 既然用于交通工具的燃料的五分之三都花在汽车上
mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; automobiles:n.[车辆]汽车,发动器(automobile复数);关于汽车;
So let's start by making autos oil free. 让我们从汽车免费用油开始着手
Two-thirds of the energy it takes to move a typical car is caused by its weight. 驱动一辆普通汽车所需能源的三分之二 是由车子的重量贡献的
Two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
And every unit of energy you save at the wheels, by taking out weight or drag , saves seven units in the tank, because you don't have to waste six units getting the energy to the wheels. 通过减轻车子重量或减少制动阻力 在这上面每节约的一单位能量 就能节约油箱中七单位的能量 因为你已不需要多浪费六单位能源 将能量传输到车轮上
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
Unfortunately , over the past quarter century, epidemic obesity has made our two-ton steel cars gain weight twice as fast as we have. 但不幸的是,在过去的25年中 肥胖问题的流行,让我们2吨的钢制车变得更重 而且增加的速度是以前的两倍
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; obesity:n.肥大,肥胖;
But today, ultralight , ultrastrong materials, like carbon fiber composites , can make dramatic weight savings snowball and can make cars simpler and cheaper to build. 但在当今,超轻、超强度的材料 比如碳纤维复合材料 能让显著减轻车子重量 并使汽车的制造变得更简单,价格更便宜
ultralight:adj.超轻型的;n.超轻型飞机; fiber:n.纤维;光纤(等于fibre); composites:n.复合材料(composite的复数); v.使合成; dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
Lighter and more slippery autos need less force to move them, so their engines get smaller. 车子越轻,开动阻力越小 驱动所需的动力就越少 引擎就能越小
slippery:adj.滑的;狡猾的;不稳定的;
Indeed, that sort of vehicle fitness then makes electric propulsion affordable because the batteries or fuel cells also get smaller and lighter and cheaper. 实际上,车辆的这种轻便性 使得电力驱力变得实惠 因为电力电池或燃料电池 也会变得更小、更轻、更便宜
fitness:n.健康;适当;适合性; propulsion:n.推进;推进力; affordable:adj.负担得起的; batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数)
So sticker prices will ultimately fall to about the same as today, while the driving cost, even from the start, is very much lower. 所以汽车的定价最终将回落到目前定价相近水平 而驾驶成本,甚至是从一开始开始算起 也低了很多
sticker:n.粘贴标签;贴纸; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
So these innovations together can transform automakers from wringing tiny savings out of Victorian engine and seal-stamping technologies to the steeply falling costs 所以说这些创新组合在一起,就能让汽车制造商 使他们从在维多利亚时代的引擎与邮票印章技术上 钻营微小的节约 转到由三项紧密联系相互强化的创新
innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; automakers:n.[车辆]汽车制造商(automaker的复数); wringing:v.拧,绞,拧出,绞出(衣服等中的水);(wring的现在分词) technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); steeply:adv.陡峭地;险峻地;
of three linked innovations that strongly reenforce each other -- namely ultralight materials, making them into structures and electric propulsion. 带来的成本的巨幅下降—— 也就是说运用超轻的材料,将它们用于建设 与电力驱动系统
reenforce:加强; namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
The sales can grow and the prices fall even faster with temporary feebates, that is rebates for efficient new autos paid for by fees on inefficient ones. 通过实行短期的退税方案 就能增加销量,更快地降低价格 这种退税方,是针对高效能的新型汽车的退款 并由低效汽车的生产商给付
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; rebates:n.回扣;部分退款(rebate的复数);
And just in the first two years the biggest of Europe's five feebate programs has tripled the speed of improving automotive efficiency . 而仅仅在最初的两年内 欧洲五个费用退还计划中最大的一个 就将汽车能源效率改进的速度提高了三倍
tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的;n.三倍数;三个一组;vi.增至三倍;vt.使成三倍; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) automotive:adj.汽车的;自动的; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
The resulting shift to electric autos is going to be as game-changing as shifting from typewriters to the gains in computers. 由此带来的向电动汽车的转变 将像由打字机向使用电脑的转变 一样改变游戏规则
shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
Of course, computers and electronics are now America's biggest industry, while typewriter makers have vanished . 不必多言,电脑与电子产品 是当今美国最大的产业 打字机制造商却已消失得无影无踪
electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; vanished:v.消失了;突然消失;消亡;绝迹;(vanish的过去分词和过去式)
So vehicle fitness opens a new automotive competitive strategy that can double the oil savings over the next 40 years, but then also make electrification affordable, and that displaces the rest of the oil. 因此交通工具的轻便性 启动了新型汽车业竞争战略 一种能够使未来40年内汽车省油率翻倍 同时让电动车变得平价 还能让电动车取代汽油车的战略
electrification:n.电气化;带电;充电; displaces:vt.取代;置换;转移;把…免职;排水;
America could lead this next automotive revolution . 美国能够引领下一轮汽车业革命
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
Currently the leader is Germany. 当前起主导作用的是德国
Currently:adv.当前;一般地;
Last year, Volkswagen announced that by next year they'll be producing this carbon fiber plugin hybrid getting 230 miles a gallon . 去年,大众汽车宣布 今天他们将生产出 具备碳纤维插件的混合动力车 行驶230英里耗油1加仑(约合100公里/升)
Volkswagen:n.大众汽车(财富500强公司之一); hybrid:n.杂种,混血儿;混合物;adj.混合的;杂种的; gallon:n.加仑
Also last year, BMW announced this carbon fiber electric car, they said that its carbon fiber is paid for by needing fewer batteries. 同样在去年,宝马公司宣布生产 这种碳纤维电动车 他们宣称使用碳纤维的成本 可以由相应减少的电池需求来平衡
And they said, "We do not intend to be a typewriter maker." 他们还说,“我们不想成为打字机制造商。”
intend:v.打算;计划;想要;
Audi claimed it's going to beat them both by a year. 奥迪公司宣称将用一年时间击败这两个对手
claimed:v.宣称;声称;断言;索取;认领;索要(claim的过去分词和过去式)
Seven years ago, an even faster and cheaper 7年前,一种更快更低价的
American manufacturing technology was used to make this little carbon fiber test part, which doubles as a carbon cap. 美国式制造技术 被用于制造这个小小的碳纤维试用零件 使得碳排放上限翻了一番
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
(Laughter) (笑声)
In one minute -- and you can tell from the sound how immensely stiff and strong it is. 在一分钟之内——你就能从听出 它有多么坚硬牢固
immensely:adv.极大地;无限地;广大地;庞大地; stiff:adj.呆板的; v.僵硬地; n.死尸; v.诈骗;
Don't worry about dropping it, it's tougher than titanium . 它掉到地上也没事,因为它比钛还要坚硬
titanium:n.[化学]钛(金属元素);
Tom Friedman actually whacked it as hard as he could with a sledgehammer without even scuffing it. 汤姆弗里德曼曾拿大锤用尽全力敲它 它却毫发无损
whacked:adj.筋疲力尽; v.猛打; (whack的过去分词和过去式) sledgehammer:adj.手下不留情的;强力的;vt.用大锤打;猛力打;n.大锤;猛烈的打击; scuffing:n.变形;划痕;擦伤;v.使磨损(scuff的ing形式);拖着脚走路;
But such manufacturing techniques can scale to automotive speed and cost with aerospace performance . 但这样的制造技术 如果能结合流体设计 就能影响汽车的速度和成本
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; aerospace:n.航空宇宙;[航]航空航天空间; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
They can save four-fifths of the capital needed to make autos. 它们能节省五分之四的汽车制造成本
They can save lives because this stuff can absorb up to 12 times as much crash energy per pound as steel. 它们能保障生命安全 因为它能吸收的撞击力 是每磅钢铁所能吸收的碰撞能(撞击产生的能量)的12倍
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受;
If we made all of our autos this way, it would save oil equivalent to finding one and a half Saudi Arabias, or half an OPEC, by drilling in the Detroit formation , a very prospective play. 如果我们用这种方法制造所有的汽车 省下的石油相当于 找到一个半的沙特阿拉伯,或者半个OPEC(石油输出国家组织) 如果从底特律钻井开始着手,就很有可能成功
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; Saudi:adj.沙乌地阿拉伯(人或语)的;n.沙乌地阿拉伯人; Detroit:n.底特律(美国一座城市); formation:n.形成;编队;组成;队形; prospective:adj.未来的;预期的;n.预期;展望;
And all those mega-barrels under Detroit cost an average of 18 bucks a barrel . 而所有那些底特律地下的蕴含的巨大油桶 每桶都要18美元
bucks:n.元;雄鹿;(buck的复数) barrel:n.桶;枪管;一桶(的量);v.飞驰;
They are all-American , carbon-free and inexhaustible . 它们全为美国生产,属于无碳排放 取之不尽,用之不竭
all-American:adj.全美洲的; n.全美最佳选手; carbon-free:adj.不含碳的; inexhaustible:adj.用不完的;不知疲倦的;
The same physics and the same business logic also apply to big vehicles. 同样的道理,同样的商业逻辑 也适用于大型车辆
logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
In the five years ending with 2010, 2005到2010年
Walmart saved 60 percent of the fuel per ton-mile in its giant fleet of heavy trucks through better logistics and design. 沃尔玛的大批重型卡车队 减少了60%的每英里耗油量 这归功于它们较好的物流和规划
Walmart:n.沃尔玛(世界连锁零售企业); giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; logistics:n.[军]后勤;后勤学;物流;
But just the technological savings in heavy trucks can get to two-thirds. 但仅在重型卡车技术上的节约 就占了三分之二
technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的;
And combined with triple to quintuple efficiency airplanes , now on the drawing board , can save close to a trillion dollars. 如果我们结合三到五倍能源效率的飞机 正在被设计的飞机 就省下接近一万亿美元
quintuple:adj.五倍的;五部分组成的;n.五倍量;五个一组;vt.使成五倍;vi.成五倍; airplanes:n.(美)[航]飞机(airplane的复数); on the drawing board:在设计阶段;在筹划之中;尚在研制阶段的;
Also today's military revolution in energy efficiency is going to speed up all of these civilian advances in much the same way that military R&D has given us the Internet, the Global Positioning System and the jet engine and microchip industries. 如今军队在能源效率上的改革 也将促进所有这些民用的技术的发展 就像是军方研发 给我们带来互联网、全球定位系统 喷气机引擎和微芯片产业
civilian:adj.民用的;百姓的,平民的;n.平民,百姓; Global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; jet engine:n.喷气式发动机; microchip:n.微型集成电路片,微芯片;
As we design and build vehicles better, we can also use them smarter by harnessing four powerful techniques for eliminating needless driving. 随着我们设计、制造更好的汽车 我们也能更聪明地使用它们 通过运用联合四种强力的技术 来减少驾驶时无谓的损耗
harnessing:v.给(马等)装上挽具(harness的现在分词);治理,利用; eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词) needless:adj.不必要的,不需要的;多余的,无用的;
Instead of just seeing the travel grow, we can use innovative pricing, charging for road infrastructure by the mile, not by the gallon. 与其只看到出游时里程的增长 我们还能用创新的定价方式 按英里数给道路基建收费,而不是耗油量
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
We can use some smart IT to enhance transit and enable car sharing and ride sharing. 我们可以用一些巧妙的IT技术来优化这个过程 让拼车变得可行
enhance:v.提高;增强;增进; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行;
We can allow smart and lucrative growth models that help people already be near where they want to be, so they don't need to go somewhere else. 我们可以用聪明且有利可图的增长模型 来帮助已经接近目标的人们 这样他们就不会走上歧路
lucrative:adj.有利可图的,赚钱的;合算的;
And we can use smart IT to make traffic free-flowing . 而且我们可以用智慧的IT技术 保持交通顺畅
free-flowing:adj.能自由流动的;自由流畅的;
Together, those things can give us the same or better access with 46 to 84 percent less driving, saving another 0.4 trillion dollars, plus 0.3 trillion dollars from using trucks more productively . 所有这些结合起来,能让我们更接近目标 省下46-84%的驾驶消耗 4千亿美元的开销 还有3亿美元,是通过有效使用卡车省下的成本
productively:adv.有结果地;有成果地;
So 40 years hence , when you add it all up, a far more mobile U.S. economy can use no oil. 把所有金额相加,我们将看到40年后 一个更灵动的美国汽车经济 将完全摆脱石油
hence:adv.因此;今后;
Saving or displacing barrels for 25 bucks rather than buying them for over a hundred, adds up to a $4 trillion net saving counting all the hidden costs at zero. 每桶油能省下25美元 而不再花去一百多元钱 忽略隐性成本的话 净节约额将达到四万亿美元
displacing:adj.置换的;v.置换(displace的过去式和过去分词); barrels:n.机筒; v.把…装桶;
So to get mobility without oil, to phase out the oil, we can get efficient and then switch fuels. 所以为了让交通业摆脱对石油的依赖 终结交通的石油时代 我们需要增加效率,并改变能耗方式
phase out:逐步淘汰;停止;
Those 125 to 240 mile-per-gallon-equivalent autos can use any mixture of hydrogen fuel cells, electricity and advanced biofuels . 那些耗油量为每加仑125到240英里的汽车 可以混合使用氢燃料电池 电力电池和先进的生物燃料
mixture:n.混合;结合体;混合物;集合体; hydrogen:n.氢;氢气; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) biofuels:n.[能源]生物燃料;生质燃料;生质能源(biofuel的复数形式);
The trucks and planes can realistically use hydrogen or advanced biofuels. 卡车和飞机实际上可以用 氢燃料或生物燃料
realistically:adv.现实地;实际地;逼真地;
The trucks could even use natural gas. 卡车甚至可以用天然气
But no vehicles will need oil. 所有的交通工具都将摆脱对石油的依赖
And the most biofuel we might need, just three million barrels a day, can be made two-thirds from waste without displacing any cropland and without harming soil or climate. 而我们所需的 每天不会超过三百万桶的生物燃料 三分之二来自废物回收处理 它们不需要占用农田 对土壤和气候也无害
cropland:n.农田;植作物之农地;
Our team speeds up these kinds of oil savings by what we call " institutional acupuncture ." 我们的团队正在加速推行这些省油模式 我们叫它“体制针灸”
institutional:adj.制度的; acupuncture:vt.对…施行针刺疗法;n.针刺;[中医]针刺疗法;
We figure out where the business logic is congested and not flowing properly, we stick little needles in it to get it flowing, working with partners like Ford and Walmart and the Pentagon . 我们找到那些商业逻辑 拥堵不畅的地方 在这些地方插入细针帮助疏通 我们和福特汽车、沃尔玛和五角大楼等都有合作
congested:adj.堵塞的,拥挤的;v.挤满;超负荷(congest的过去分词); Pentagon:n.五角形;
And the long transition is already well under way . 长期的转换过程已经开始
under way:进行中;航行中;在行进;
In fact, three years ago mainstream analysts were starting to see peak oil, not in supply, but in demand. 事实上,三年前,主流分析师已经注意到 石油峰值,不在供应面,而将在需求面出现
mainstream:n.主流; analysts:n.分析师;分析家;[分化]分析员(analyst的复数); peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
And Deutsche Bank even said world oil use could peak around 2016. 德意志银行甚至宣称全球石油使用量将在2016年达到顶峰
In other words, oil is getting uncompetitive even at low prices before it becomes unavailable even at high prices. 换句话说,在石油还没有贵到买不起时 它已经使去竞争力了
uncompetitive:adj.无竞争力的; unavailable:adj.难以获得的;不能利用的;不近便的;
But the electrified vehicles don't need to burden the electricity grid. 但是电动汽车 并不会对电网造成负担
electrified:adj.通电的; v.使电气化; (electrify的过去分词和过去式) burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
Rather, when smart autos exchange electricity and information through smart buildings with smart grids , they're adding to the grid valuable flexibility and storage that help the grid integrate varying solar and wind power. 当这些新型汽车通过装配有智能电网的建筑物 来交换电力和资讯时 它们为电网增加了宝贵的弹性和存储能力 从而帮助电网整合运用 不断变化的太阳能和风能
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; grids:n.[数]网格(grid的复数形式);栅格; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性; varying:adj.不同的;变化的;v.变化,改变(vary的现在分词);
So the electrified autos make the auto and electricity problems easier to solve together than separately . 所以这些电动汽车 整合并解决了交通和电力的问题 这样比分别处理更容易
separately:adv.分别地;分离地;个别地;
And they also converge the oil story with our second big story, saving electricity and then making it differently. 电动汽车还整合了 石油和电力的使用模式 节省电力,并使它全面改观
converge:vt.使汇聚;vi.聚集;靠拢;收敛;
And those twin revolutions in electricity will bring to that sector more numerous and profound and diverse disruptions than any other sector, because we've got 21st century technology and speed colliding head-on with 20th and 19th century institutions, rules and cultures. 再生能源和电动汽车的改革 为电力系统带来的改造 比它们对其它系统带来的影响 更多,更深远,更广泛 其原因在于,我们所拥有的二十一世纪的技术 和前两个世纪的制度、规章和文化格格不入
revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); numerous:adj.许多的,很多的; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; disruptions:破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解(disruption的复数); colliding:adj.对撞的;v.碰撞(collide的现在分词);冲突;n.碰撞;冲撞; head-on:adj.正面的;直接的;头朝前的;adv.迎头;头朝前地;正面针对地;
Changing how we make electricity gets easier if we need less of it. 如果我们对电力的需求量降低了 改变用电方式,也将变得简单
Most of it now is wasted and the technologies for saving it keep improving faster than we're installing them. 现在大部分的电力是被浪费掉了 而节电技术的发展越来越快 甚至超过了我们启用它们的速度
installing:v.安装;设置;建立(程序);(install的现在分词)
So the unbought efficiency resource keeps getting ever bigger and cheaper. 所以还未被使用的高效资源 变得越来越多,越来越便宜
resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备);
But as efficiency in buildings and industry starts to grow faster than the economy, 但是随着建筑物和工业的用电效率 提高得越来越快,超过经济增长速度
America's electricity use could actually shrink , even with the little extra use required for those efficient electrified autos. 美国实际上会降低电力消耗 尽管高效的电动汽车 会带来一小部分额外的耗电
shrink:v.收缩;减少;退缩;畏缩;n.精神病学家;心理学家; extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外:
And we can do this just by reasonably accelerating existing trends . 我们只要适当地推进当前进程,就可以达到这一步
reasonably:adv.合理地;相当地;适度地; accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的; trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
Over the next 40 years, buildings, which use three-quarters of the electricity, can triple or quadruple their energy productivity , saving 1.4 trillion dollars, net present value, with a 33 percent internal rate of return or in English, the savings are worth four times what they cost. 四十年后 消耗四分之三总电能的建筑物 会将能源生产力提高三到四倍 省下1.4万亿美元的净现值 还有33%的内部收益率 换句话说 省下来的部分相当于成本的四倍
three-quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三; quadruple:v.(使)变为四倍;adj.四方面的;四倍的;n.四倍 productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的;
And industry can accelerate too, doubling its energy productivity with a 21 percent internal rate of return. 工业也将加速发展 它的能源生产力将提高两倍 还有21%的内部收益率
accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生;
The key is a disruptive innovation that we call integrative design that often makes very big energy savings cost less than small or no savings. 关键就在于颠覆性创新 我们叫它整合设计 它通常能够带来巨大的节约 而耗费的成本很小,甚至为零
integrative:adj.综合的;可以并合的;可以结合的;[数]可求积分的;
That is, it can give you expanding returns, not diminishing returns. 也就是说,它将带来递增的报酬 而非递减的报酬
expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词) diminishing:v.减少; adj.逐渐缩小的;
That is how our 2010 retrofit is saving over two-fifths of the energy in the Empire State Building -- remanufacturing those six and a half thousand windows on site into super windows that pass light, but reflect heat. 沿着这个思路,我们在2010年 把帝国大厦的6500扇窗户 换成透光、反射热能的超级玻璃 由此省下帝国大厦超过五分之二能耗
retrofit:vt.改进;[计]更新;式样翻新;n.式样翻新;花样翻新; reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
plus better lights and office equipment and such cut the maximum cooling load by a third. 配合更好的照明和办公设备 这项举动使冷却系统的最大负荷量减少了三分之一
maximum:n.最大限度;最大量;最高限度;adj.最高的;最多的;最大极限的;
And then renovating smaller chillers instead of adding bigger ones saved 17 million dollars of capital cost, which helped pay for the other improvements and reduce the payback to just three years. 我们翻新小型冷却机,而不添置大型冷却机 这也省下了1700万的资本成本 节省下来的成本得以被用于改进其它部门 同时,投资回收期被减少到三年
renovating:v.修复;翻新;重新粉刷(renovate的现在分词) chillers:n.冷水机(chiller的复数);冷却装置; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
Integrative design can also increase energy savings in industry. 整合设计也可以帮助 工业节约能源
Dow's billion-dollar efficiency investment has already returned nine billion dollars. 道琼斯指数的十亿美元提高能率的投资 已经得到了九十亿美元的回报
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
But industry as a whole has another half-trillion dollars of energy still to save. 但是工业作为一个整体 还需要省下五千亿美元的能源
as a whole:总的来说;
For example, three-fifths of the world's electricity runs motors. 比如说,世界上五分之三的电力被用于驱动马达
Half of that runs pumps and fans. 其中的一半被用在泵和风扇上
pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送;
And those can all be made more efficient, and the motors that turn them can have their system efficiency roughly doubled by integrating 35 improvements, paying back in about a year. 它们都可以变得更有效率 通过整合35个改造项目 就可以使它们的驱动马达,系统效率提高两倍 而且投资回收期仅为一年
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; integrating:v.(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体;(integrate的现在分词)
But first we ought to be capturing bigger, cheaper savings that are normally ignored and are not in the textbooks. 但是我们首先必须省下那些更大宗的、更便宜的 经常被忽略,连教科书也不提及的节能项目
capturing:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;(capture的现在分词) ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
For example, pumps, the biggest use of motors, move liquid through pipes. 比如说,泵,使用发动机能量最多的一部分 推动液体通过管道
But a standard industrial pumping loop was redesigned to use at least 86 percent less energy, not by getting better pumps, but just by replacing long, thin, crooked pipes with fat, short, straight pipes. 但是标准的工业抽水循环 经过重新设计,可以省下至少86%的能量 不需要添置新泵 只需把细薄的弯管 换成粗短的直管
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; pumping:v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;(pump的现在分词) loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动; redesigned:adj.重新设计的;修订的;v.重新设计;重新制订(redesign的过去式); crooked:adj.扭曲的;弯曲的;不直的;v.(手指或手臂)弯曲;(crook的过去分词和过去式)
This is not about new technology, it's just rearranging our metal furniture . 这并不是使用新技术 只是重新安排金属设备
rearranging:v.重新安排;改变(位日期、地点);(rearrange的现在分词) furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物;
Of course, it also shrinks the pumping equipment and its capital costs. 当然,这减少了泵的使用量 也减少了资本成本
shrinks:v.缩水,收缩,缩小;n.精神病学家;心理学家;(shrink的第三人称单数和复数)
So what do such savings mean for the electricity that is three-fifths used in motors? 那么,这对于被马达耗去五分之三能源的电力来说 意味着什么？
Well, from the coal burned at the power plant through all these compounding losses, only a tenth of the fuel energy actually ends up coming out the pipe as flow. 从燃烧煤炭的发电厂 到所有这些化合物耗损 只有十分之一的化石能源 最后通过管道供给终端使用
power plant:n.发电厂;发电站; compounding:v.组合;混合(compound的ing形式);
But now let's turn those compounding losses around backwards, and every unit of flow or friction that we save in the pipe saves 10 units of fuel cost, pollution and what Hunter Lovins calls "global weirding" 现在让我们逆转化合物耗损的趋势 在管道中省下的每一单位能量 就能省下十个单位的燃料成本、污染 和亨特·罗文斯所说的“全球气候异常”
friction:n.摩擦,[力]摩擦力;
back at the power plant. 能量最终能回归到发电厂
And of course, as you go back upstream , the components get smaller and therefore cheaper. 当然,如果回溯到上游工业 化合物会更小,也会更便宜
upstream:adv.逆流地;向上游;adj.向上游的;逆流而上的;n.上游部门; components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数);
Our team has lately found such snowballing energy savings in more than 30 billion dollars worth of industrial redesigns -- everything from data centers and chip fabs to mines and refineries . 我们的团队最近发现这样滚雪球式的节能方式 可以被运用在超过300亿的工业重新设计中—— 从数据中心,到芯片制造 到矿井和炼油厂,都适用
redesigns:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; refineries:n.炼油厂;制糖厂;精制厂;(refinery的复数)
Typically our retrofit designs save about 30 to 60 percent of the energy and pay back in a few years, while the new facility designs save 40 to 90-odd percent with generally lower capital cost. 尤其是我们的改进设计 可以省下30-60%的能源 几年内就能得到投资回报 设计新设备也将省下四成到九成多的能源 一般也能降低资本成本
Typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资; generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地;
Now needing less electricity would ease and speed the shift to new sources of electricity, chiefly renewables . 减少对电力的需求 就可以让向新能源,也就是再生能源的转换 变得更容易一些,更快一些
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) chiefly:adv.主要地;首先; renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数);
China leads their explosive growth and their plummeting cost. 中国在这方面发展迅猛,成本也暴跌
explosive:n.炸药;爆炸物;adj.易爆炸的;可能引起爆炸的;易爆发的;可能引起冲动的; plummeting:n.垂直落下; adj.直线下降的; v.垂直落下;
In fact, these solar power module costs have just fallen off the bottom of the chart. 实际上,这些太阳能发电板的成本 已经低得不能再低了
module:n.模块;组件;单元;
And Germany now has more solar workers than America has steel workers. 在德国,从事太阳能产业的人员数量 和美国从事钢铁业的人一样多
Already in about 20 states private installers will come put those cheap solar cells on your roof with no money down and beat your utility bill. 大致在20个州里 已经有私营厂商 可以把便宜的太阳能板安装在你家屋顶上,还能免费拆除 轻松省下大笔水电费
installers:n.安装程序;安装者,安装工; utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
Such unregulated products could ultimately add up to a virtual utility that bypasses your electric company just as your cellphone bypassed your wireline phone company. 这些未经调控的产业 最终可以成为一种虚拟公共事业 能越过电力公司 就像你可以越过家里的有线电话公司,使用手机
unregulated:adj.未经调节的;[仪]未校准的; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认); bypasses:旁通;绕过; cellphone:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大; bypassed:v.绕道,忽视(bypass的过去分词);
And this sort of thing gives utility executives the heebee-jeebees and it gives venture capitalists sweet dreams. 它会让公共事业工作人员烦躁不已 它还是风险投资家的美梦
executives:n.经理,主管领导,管理人员;领导层;行政部门(executive的复数) venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险; capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数);
Renewables are no longer a fringe activity. 可再生能源不再是一个锦上添花的产业
fringe:n.边缘;穗;刘海;adj.边缘的;附加的;vt.加穗于;
For each of the past four years half of the world's new generating capacity has been renewable, mainly lately in developing countries. 在过去四年间的每一年 全世界发电量的一半 是可再生能源 近年来主要分布在发展中国家
generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地;
In 2010, renewables other than big hydro, particularly wind and solar cells, got 151 billion dollars of private investment, and they actually surpassed the total installed capacity of nuclear power in the world by adding 60 billion watts in that one year. 在2010年,除了水力、风力和太阳能以外的 可再生能源 接受了高达1510亿的私人投资 它们实际上已经超过了 全球核电站装机容量的总和 每年产量比核电站多600亿瓦特
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; surpassed:v.超过,凌驾(surpass的过去分词形式); installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) nuclear power:na.核大国; watts:n.瓦特(功率单位);
That happens to be the same amount of solar cell capacity that the world can now make every year -- a number that goes up 60 or 70 percent a year. 太阳能电板装机容量也是如此 全世界每年产量 可以增加60-70%
solar cell:光电管;
In contrast , the net additions of nuclear capacity and coal capacity and the orders behind those keep fading because they cost too much and they have too much financial risk. 相反地,核电站、燃煤电厂和其它项目的净增量 在不断减少 因为它们成本太高,带来的金融风险也高
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; additions:n.附加物(addition的复数);附件;增加固定资产; fading:v.(使)变淡,变暗;逐渐消失;衰退,衰落(fade的现在分词) financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
In fact in this country, no new nuclear power plant has been able to raise any private construction capital, despite seven years of 100-plus percent subsidies. 事实上在美国 已经没有新的核电站 可以吸引来自私人的建设投资 尽管在七年间,政府每年都投入翻倍的补助款
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
So how else could we replace the coal-fired power plants? 所以,我们还可以用什么来取代这些燃煤电厂呢?
coal-fired:adj.烧煤的;
Well efficiency and gas can displace them all at just below their operating cost and, combined with renewables, can displace them more than 23 times at less than their replacement cost. 高效的发电方式和天然气可以完全取代燃煤 成本比燃煤的运作成本还低 如果和可再生能源结合起来,还可以取代燃煤方式23次 所耗费用还不及它们的重置成本
replacement:n.替换;更换;替代品;接替者;
But we only need to replace them once. 但只需要取代一次就够了
We're often told though that only coal and nuclear plants can keep the lights on, because they're 24/7, whereas wind and solar power are variable , and hence supposedly unreliable . 常常有人对我们说 只有燃煤和核能才能稳定供电 因为它们是全天候的 而风能和太阳能变幻多端 所以有人认为它们不可靠
whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; variable:n.变量;可变因素;可变情况;adj.多变的;易变的;变化无常的;可更改的; supposedly:adv.据说;据信;据传; unreliable:adj.不可靠的;靠不住的;
Actually no generator is 24/7. They all break. 实际上没有发电机全天候工作,它们也需要休息
generator:n.发电机;发生器;电力公司;
And when a big plant goes down, you lose a thousand megawatts in milliseconds , often for weeks or months, often without warning. 当一个发电厂停止运转 每毫秒就会损失一千兆瓦的发电力 一旦发生,就常常是几周几个月,而且毫无征兆
megawatts:n.百万瓦特(megawatt的复数); milliseconds:n.[计量]毫秒(millisecond的复数形式);
That is exactly why we've designed the grid to back up failed plants with working plants. 这就是我们为什么要设计出电网 用正常工作的电站来顶替暂停运转的电站
And in exactly the same way, the grid can handle wind and solar power's forecastable variations . 同样地 电网可以克服风能和太阳能的 可预测的变化
handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; variations:n.变奏曲,变更;[生物]变种(variation的复数形式);
Hourly simulations show that largely or wholly renewable grids can deliver highly reliable power when they're forecasted , integrated and diversified by both type and location . 每小时的模拟显示 大部分或全部的可再生能源电网 可以输送非常稳定的电力 只要对风能和太阳能 根据种类和位置 进行预测、整合和多元化处理
Hourly:adv.每小时地;频繁地,随时;adj.每小时的,以钟点计算的;频繁的; simulations:n.[计]模拟(simulation的复数);[计]仿真; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; wholly:adv.完全地;全部;统统; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; forecasted:v.[气象][通信]预测;预见(forecast的过去分词); diversified:adj.多样化的; v.增加…的品种; (diversify的过去式和过去分词) location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位
And that's true both for continental areas like the U.S. or Europe and for smaller areas embedded within a larger grid. 这对美国或欧洲这样的大陆地区 和被大型电网覆盖的较小地区都适用
continental:adj.大陆的;大陆性的;n.欧洲人; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
That is how, for example, four German states in 2010 were 43 to 52 percent wind powered. 这就是,比如说 在2010年,德国的四个州 实现由风力供应43-52%能源的做法
Portugal was 45 percent renewable powered, 葡萄牙实现了45%能源由风能供应
Denmark 36. 而丹麦是36%
And it's how all of Europe can shift to renewable electricity. 这就是全欧洲国家 向可再生能源转型的做法
In America, our aging, dirty and insecure power system has to be replaced anyway by 2050. 在美国,我们老化、肮脏、不可靠的能源系统 不论如何都需要在2050年前被取代
And whatever we replace it with is going to cost about the same, about six trillion dollars at present value -- whether we buy more of what we've got or new nuclear and so-called clean coal, or renewables that are more or less centralized . 而且不论我们用什么来取代它 花费都会和现在差不多 大约六万亿美元的净现值—— 不论我们会不会购买更多的现有资源 建现多的核电厂,使用所谓的洁净煤技术 或是现在或多或少已经被集中处理的可再生能源
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; more or less:或多或少; centralized:adj.集中的;中央集权的;v.集中(centralize的过去分词);
But those four futures at the same cost differ profoundly in their risks, around national security, fuel, water, finance , technology, climate and health. 但是这四种未来的选择成本相近 风险却很不一样 不论是事关国家安全 燃料,水,金融,技术,气候和健康 风险都有显著差别
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费;
For example, our over-centralized grid is very vulnerable to cascading and potentially economy-shattering blackouts caused by bad space weather or other natural disasters or a terrorist attack. 比如说,过于集中化的电网 完全经不起级联型的 和可能粉碎经济体的运作中断 恶劣天气,其它自然灾害 或是恐怖袭击造成的中断都能摧毁它
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; cascading:v.倾泻;流注;大量落下;(cascade的现在分词) potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; blackouts:n.黑朦;灯火管制(blackout的复数); disasters:n.灾难(disaster的复数);
But that blackout risk disappears , and all of the other risks are best managed, with distributed renewables organized into local micro-grids that normally interconnect , but can stand alone at need. 但停电危机将不复存在 其它危机也能被妥善控制 只要我们将可再生能源 分配并组织成相互连结的区域性微电网 需要时,它们也能独立工作
disappears:v.消失;不见;消亡;失踪;丢失;(disappear的第三人称单数) organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) interconnect:vt.使互相连接;vi.互相联系;
That is, they can disconnect fractally and then reconnect seamlessly . 也就是说,它们能互相分离独立 也能重新建立无缝的联接
reconnect:v.使再接合; seamlessly:adv.无缝地;
That approach is exactly what the Pentagon is adopting for its own power supply. 这就是五角大楼控制 它自己内部控电的方法
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; adopting:v.收养;领养;采用;表决采纳;(adopt的现在分词)
They think they need that; how about the rest of us that they're defending? 他们认为这很有必要。那么受他们保护的我们呢？
We want our stuff to work too. 我们也希望我们的供电系统也能这样运转
At about the same cost as business as usual, this would maximize national security, customer choice, entrepreneurial opportunity and innovation. 这种方式的运营成本和其它方式一样 却能最大程度地保障国家安全 为顾客提供最多的选择,给投资家最多的机会 实现最大的革新
maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; entrepreneurial:adj.企业家的,创业者的;中间商的;
Together, efficient use and diverse dispersed renewable supply are starting to transform the whole electricity sector. 总的来说,高效的使用方式和多元化的供应方式 正在改变整个电力供应系统
dispersed:adj.散布的;被分散的;被驱散的;v.分散;传播(disperse的过去分词);
Traditionally utilities build a lot of giant coal and nuclear plants and a bunch of big gas plants and maybe a little bit of efficiency renewables. 传统的公共事业 建造了许多大型燃煤电厂,核电站 一些天然气电厂 可能还有一些高效可再生能源电厂
Traditionally:adv.传统上;习惯上;传说上; utilities:n.公用事业;实用工具,[计]实用程序;公用程式;(utility的复数) a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆;
And those utilities were rewarded , as they still are in 34 states, for selling you more electricity. 在34个州 这些公共设施 仍然因为能供应更多电力受到奖赏
rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式)
However, especially where regulators are now instead rewarding cutting your bills, the investments are shifting radically toward efficiency, demand response , cogeneration, 但正是在这些管理者 鼓励减少耗能的地方 投资正在急剧转向新的方面 这包括高效使用,需求响应,汽电共生
regulators:n.调整者;调节阀(regulator的复数形式); rewarding:adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的;v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的现在分词) investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数) radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; response:n.响应;反应;回答;
renewables and ways to knit them all together reliably with less transmission and little or no bulk electricity storage. 可再生能源 和耗费较少传输成本 和较少电力储存的整合串联方法
knit:v.编织;针织;机织;(使)紧密结合;n.针织衫;编织的衣服; reliably:adv.可靠地;确实地; transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置; bulk:n.大部分;主体;(大)体积;大(量);v.扩展;增大;堆积起来;形成大块;
So our energy future is not fate, but choice, and that choice is very flexible . 所以能源的未来,不是取决于命运 而是取决于我们的选择,很有弹性的选择
flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的;
In 1976, for example, government and industry insisted that the amount of energy needed to make a dollar of GDP could never go down. 比如说,在1976年 政府和工业坚持 要求花费在每一美元国内生产总值的能源量 不能降低
And I heretically suggested it could go down several-fold. 当时我却偏要提议,它可以降低七倍
Well that's what's actually happened so far. 事实正是如此
It's fallen by half. 耗能量减半了。
But with today's much better technologies, more mature delivery channels and integrative design, we can do far more and even cheaper. 但是配合当今的高科技 更成熟的传输渠道和整合设计 我们可以更大程度地降低耗能和成本
mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
So to solve the energy problem, we just needed to enlarge it. 所以想要解决能源问题 我们只要把问题扩大
And the results may at first seem incredible , but as Marshall McLuhan said, "Only puny secrets need protection. 也许一开始结果显得让人难以置信 但正如马歇尔·麦克卢恩所说 “只有微不足道的秘密需要保护
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; puny:adj.弱小的;微不足道的;微小的;
Big discoveries are protected by public incredulity ." 伟大的发现自会受到公众的质疑”
incredulity:n.怀疑;不轻信,不易相信;
Now combine the electricity and oil revolutions, both driven by modern efficiency, and you get the really big story: reinventing fire, where business enabled and sped by smart policies in mindful markets 结合现代效率驱动的 电力和石油革命 就会找到关键:重燃火源 当明智的政策孵育并加速商业发展
enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) mindful:adj.留心的;记住的;警觉的;
can lead the United States completely off oil and coal by 2050, saving 5 trillion dollars, growing the economy 2.6-fold, strengthening out national security, 就能引领美国在2050年完全摆脱石油和燃煤 省下5万亿美元的开销 实现2.6倍的经济发展 强化国家安全
oh, and by the way , by getting rid of the oil and coal, reducing the fossil carbon emissions by 82 to 86 percent. 哦,随便提一下,摆脱石油和燃煤 还能减少82-86%的碳排放
by the way:顺便说一下;
Now if you like any of those outcomes , you can support reinventing fire without needing to like all of them and without needing to agree about which of them is most important. 如果你支持其中任何一项 你可以支持重燃火源的行动 而不需要对每一项都有好感 不需要认定哪一项最为重要
outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
So focusing on outcomes, not motives , can turn gridlock and conflict into a unifying solution to America's energy challenge. 关注结果,而并动机 可以把困境和冲突转化为 化解美国能源危机的统一方案
motives:n.动机;目的;运动(motive的复数);v.使有动机;促动(motive的三单形式); conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; unifying:使统一;(unify的现在分词)使成一体; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
This also turns out to be the best way to cope with global challenges -- climate change, nuclear proliferation , energy insecurity , energy poverty -- all of which make us less safe. 这也将是解决全球危机的 最佳答案—— 气候变化,核扩散 能源危机,能源短缺—— 所有这些都是不安定因素
cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣; proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖; insecurity:n.不安全;不牢靠;无把握;心神不定; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
Now our team at RMI helps smart companies to get unstuck and speed this journey via six sectoral initiatives , with some more hatching . 现在我们的RMI团队正在帮助明智的公司 摆脱困境,加速转换进程 我们启动了六个方面的计划,正在筹划其它方面的动作
unstuck:adj.松开的,未粘住的;紊乱的;失灵的; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道; sectoral:adj.部门的;行业的;经济领域的; initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; hatching:n.[禽]孵化; v.[禽]孵化; adj.孵化的;
Of course there's still a lot of old thinking out there too. 当然外界还有许多传统观念
Former oil man Maurice Strong said, "Not all the fossils are in the fuel." 前石油大亨莫里斯.斯特朗说 “不是所有的化石都变成了石油。”
fossils:n.[古生]化石(fossil复数形式);
But as Edgar Woolard, who used to chair Dupont , reminds us, "Companies hampered by old thinking won't be a problem because," he said," they simply won't be around long-term ." 但是杜邦公司前总裁埃德加·伍拉德提醒我们 “被传统观念阻碍的公司不会是问题” “因为它们不会长久”
Dupont:n.杜邦,杜邦公司; reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数) hampered:adj.受阻碍的;v.阻碍(hamper的过去分词);限制; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
I've described not just a once-in-a-civilization business opportunity, but one of the most profound transitions in the history of our species . 我所描述的并不只是 一个文明只有一次的商业契机 还是人类文明最重要的 转变之一
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) transitions:n.过渡,转变(transition的复数形式);转场效果;转换滤镜; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
We humans are inventing a new fire, not dug from below, but flowing from above; not scarce , but bountiful; not local, but everywhere; not transient , but permanent; not costly , but free. 人类正在发明一种新的火 并不从地下深挖 却从地表上获得 并不稀缺,却很丰富 并不局限在一处,却四处可是 并不短暂,却能持久 并不昂贵,却是免费的
scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; transient:adj.短暂的;转瞬即逝的;倏忽的;暂住的;n.暂住某地的人;过往旅客;临时工; costly:adj.昂贵的;代价高的;
And but for a little transitional tail of natural gas and a bit of biofuel grown in ways that sustain and endure , this new fire is flameless. 而且和已经快用完的天然气不同 和以各种形式持续产生的生物能源不同 这种新火不需要燃烧
transitional:adj.变迁的;过渡期的; sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实; endure:v.忍受;忍耐;持续;持久;
Efficiently used, it really can do our work without working our undoing. 如果能高效地使用它 它可以帮助人类发展,而不致人类毁灭
Efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
Each of you owns a piece of that $5 trillion prize. 每个人都将享有那5万亿美元成果的一部分
And our new book "Reinventing Fire" 我们的新书《重燃火源》
describes how you can capture it. 就告诉你将如何取得这成果
describes:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;(describe的第三人称单数) capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
So with the conversation just begun at ReinventingFire.com, let me invite you each to engage with us and with each other, with everyone around you, to help make the world richer, fairer, cooler and safer by together reinventing fire. 当讨论刚刚开始 以 ReinventingFire.com 作为平台 我想邀请在座各位 和我们,和在座各位,和各位身边的每个人 一起努力让世界更富饶,更公平 更凉爽,更安全 只要我们一起重燃火源
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）