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AlvinIrby_2017S-_如何激发每个孩子成为终生阅读者_
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| As an elementary school teacher, my mom did everything she could to ensure I had good reading skills. |
我是一位小学老师, 我母亲竭尽所能确保 我有很好的阅读能力。 |
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elementary school:小学; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
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| This usually consisted of weekend reading lessons at our kitchen table while my friends played outside. |
她通常在周末时 在餐桌上教我阅读, 而我的朋友在外面玩。 |
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consisted:vi.组成;在于;符合;
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| My reading ability improved , but these forced reading lessons didn't exactly inspire a love of reading. |
我的阅读能力改善了, 但是这种强迫式的阅读课程 没有激发我对阅读的热爱。 |
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improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
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| High school changed everything. |
高中改变了一切。 |
| In 10th grade, my regular English class read short stories and did spelling tests. |
在十年级时,我上的一般英文课 要读短篇故事和考拼音。 |
| Out of sheer boredom , I asked to be switched into another class. |
因为很无聊,我要求调到另一班。 |
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sheer:adj.纯; v.十足地; n.透明薄纱; v.[航海](使)偏航; (使)转向; boredom:n.厌倦;令人厌烦的事物;
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| The next semester , I joined advanced English. |
下一个学期,我就被调到高阶英语课。 |
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semester:n.学期;半年; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| We read two novels and wrote two book reports that semester. |
那学期,我们要读两本小说 以及写两个读书报告。 |
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novels:n.小说;(novel的复数)
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| The drastic difference and rigor between these two English classes angered me and spurred questions like, "Where did all these white people come from?" |
这两个英语课之间的 巨大差异和严谨程度 让我很生气,也引发了像这类的问题, 「这些白人是从哪里来的？」 |
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drastic:adj.激烈的;猛烈的;n.烈性泻药; rigor:n.严厉;精确;苛刻;僵硬; spurred:adj.装有马刺的;有花距的;v.鞭策;教唆(spur的过去分词);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| My high school was over 70 percent black and Latino , but this advanced English class had white students everywhere. |
我的高中有 70% 黑人 和拉丁美洲人, 但是那个高阶英语课几乎都是白人。 |
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Latino:adj.拉丁美洲的;拉丁美洲人的;n.拉丁美洲人;
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| This personal encounter with institutionalized racism altered my relationship with reading forever. |
这个制度化种族主义的个人遭遇 永远改变了我与阅读的关系。 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见; institutionalized:adj.使成惯例的; v.使成为惯例(institutionalize的过去式和过去分词); racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; altered:adj.改变了的:v.(使)改变,更改,改动:(alter的过去分词和过去式)
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| I learned that I couldn't depend on a school, a teacher or curriculum to teach me what I needed to know. |
我发现我无法依赖一个学校、 一个老师或课程 来教我我需要知道的。 |
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curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
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| And more out of like, rebellion , than being intellectual , |
主要是由于叛逆,而非做为知识分子, |
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rebellion:n.谋反;叛乱;反叛;反抗;叛逆; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的;
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| I decided I would no longer allow other people to dictate when and what I read. |
我下定决心我不会再让其他人决定 我应该在何时阅读以及阅读什么。 |
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dictate:v.决定;口述;支配;强行规定;n.规定;命令;
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| And without realizing it, I had stumbled upon a key to helping children read. |
虽然我没有意识到, |
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stumbled:v.绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;蹒跚而行;(stumble的过去分词和过去式)
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| Identity . |
那就是认同。 |
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Identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
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| Instead of fixating on skills and moving students from one reading level to another, or forcing struggling readers to memorize lists of unfamiliar words, we should be asking ourselves this question: |
不是以阅读技能 来将学生从一个阅读级别 升到另一级, 或是强迫阅读有困难的学生 去背不熟悉的单字, 我们应该问自己这个问题: |
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fixating:v.(使)固定,注视;(fixate的现在分词) memorize:v.记住;记忆; unfamiliar:adj.不熟悉的;不常见的;没有经验的;
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| How can we inspire children to identify as readers? |
我们如何启发孩子们 认同自己是阅读者？ |
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identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
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| DeSean, a brilliant first-grader I taught in the Bronx , he helped me understand how identity shapes learning. |
迭翔,我在布朗克斯区教过的 一位很聪明的一年级学生, 他幫助我了解到身分认同塑造学习。 |
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Bronx:n.布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的一区);布朗克斯鸡尾酒;
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| One day during math, I walk up to DeSean, and I say, "DeSean, you're a great mathematician ." |
有一天上数学课时, 我走向迭翔,对他说: 「迭翔,你是很棒的数学家。」 |
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mathematician:n.数学家;善作数字计算的人;
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| He looks at me and responds , "I'm not a mathematician, I'm a math genius !" |
他看着我,回答说: 「我不是数学家,我是数学天才。」 |
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responds:v.(口头或书面)回答,回应;作出反应;响应;(respond的第三人称单数) genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| OK DeSean, right? |
好,迭翔,对！ |
| Reading? |
阅读呢？ |
| Completely different story. |
完全相反。 |
| '"Mr. Irby, I can't read. |
他会说:「尔比先生,我不会阅读。 |
| I'm never going to learn to read," he would say. |
我永远学不会阅读。」 |
| I taught DeSean to read, but there are countless black boys who remain trapped in illiteracy . |
我教他阅读, 但是无数的黑人男孩仍然是文盲。 |
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countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式) illiteracy:n.文盲;无知;
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| According to the US Department of Education, more than 85 percent of black male fourth graders are not proficient in reading. |
根据美国教育部门的统计, 超过 85% 的四年级黑人男孩 不擅长阅读。 |
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According to:根据,据说; graders:分级机;分类机;…年级学生;[建]平地机(grader的复数); proficient:adj.熟练的,精通的;n.精通;专家,能手;
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| 85 percent! |
85%！ |
| The more challenges to reading children face, the more culturally competent educators need to be. |
孩子们面对的阅读挑战越多, 教育工作者所需要的文化能力越高。 |
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culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; competent:adj.胜任的;有能力的;能干的;足够的;
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| Moonlighting as a stand-up comedian for the past eight years, |
在过去的八年里我兼职做喜剧演员, |
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Moonlighting:v.(暗中)兼职,从事第二职业(moonlight的现在分词)n.月光 stand-up:起立 comedian:n.滑稽演员;喜剧演员;
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| I understand the importance of cultural competency , which I define as the ability to translate what you want someone else to know or be able to do into communication or experiences that they find relevant and engaging . |
我了解到文化能力的重要, 我认为那是一种 能够把你要别人知道或能够做到的, 翻译成他们认为与他们有关 和愿意参与的交流或经验的能力。 |
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competency:n.能力(等于competence);资格; define:v.定义;使明确;规定; translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
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| Before going on stage, I assess an audience. |
每次在上台前,我会评估听众。 |
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assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税;
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| Are they white, are they Latino? |
他们是白人、拉美人？ |
| Are they old, young, professional , conservative ? |
他们是年长、年轻、 专業人士、保守派？ |
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professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者;
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| Then I curate and modify my jokes based on what I think would generate the most laughter. |
然后我策划和修改我的笑话 基于我认为会产生最多笑声的想法。 |
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curate:n.助理牧师;副牧师; modify:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改; generate:v.产生;引起;
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| While performing in a church, I could tell bar jokes. |
当我在教堂表演时, 我不能说酒吧的笑话。 |
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performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
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| But that might not result in laughter. |
因为可能不会有人笑。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| As a society, we're creating reading experiences for children that are the equivalent of telling bar jokes in a church. |
在社会里,我们为孩子们 创造的阅读经验 就像在教堂讲酒吧的笑话。 |
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equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
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| And then we wonder why so many children don't read. |
然后我们想知道 为什么这么多孩子不爱阅读。 |
| Educator and philosopher Paulo Freire believed that teaching and learning should be two-way . |
教育家和哲学家保罗·弗雷勒 相信教学和学习应该是双向的。 |
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philosopher:n.哲学家;深思的人;善于思考的人; two-way:adj.双向的;相互的;两路的;
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| Students shouldn't be viewed as empty buckets to be filled with facts but as cocreators of knowledge. |
学生不应该被看成 需要被填满事实的空桶, 而是被视为知识的共同创作者。 |
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buckets:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨; (bucket的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Cookie-cutter curriculums and school policies that require students to sit statue-still or to work in complete silence -- these environments often exclude the individual learning needs, the interest and expertise of children. |
一成不变的课程和学校政策 要求学生如雕像般坐着学习, 或是上课时保持安静── 这种环境通常不符合 个人的学习需求、 兴趣和孩子们的专长。 |
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Cookie-cutter:adj.千篇一律的;俗套的; curriculums:n.课程(curriculum的复数); policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) exclude:v.不包括;不放在考虑之列;防止…进入;阻止…参加; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
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| Especially black boys. |
特别是黑人男孩。 |
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Especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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| Many of the children's books promoted to black boys focus on serious topics, like slavery , civil rights and biographies . |
给黑人男孩读的儿童书籍 许多都是严肃的主题, 如奴隶、公民权利和传记。 |
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promoted:v.促进:促销:提升:(promote的过去分词和过去式) slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的; civil rights:na.公民权; biographies:n.列传,传记(biographie的复数形式);
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| Less than two percent of teachers in the United States are black males. |
少于 2% 的美国老师是黑人男性。 |
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United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| And a majority of black boys are raised by single mothers. |
大多数的黑人男孩由母亲独自扶养。 |
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majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
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| There are literally young black boys who have never seen a black man reading. |
实际上,黑人男孩几乎 从未见过成年黑人男子阅读。 |
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literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
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| Or never had a black man encourage him to read. |
或是从来没有一位成年的 黑人男性鼓励他们阅读。 |
| What cultural factors , what social cues are present that would lead a young black boy to conclude that reading is even something he should do? |
有什么文化因素和社会诱因 来让黑人男孩觉得 阅读是他应该做的事？ |
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factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; cues:n.开端,线索;提示,关键;球杆;诱因(cue的复数形式); conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)
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| This is why I created Barbershop Books. |
这是我成立理发店书籍 (Barbershop Books) 的理由。 |
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Barbershop:n.理发店;adj.有男声合唱之和声的;
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| It's a literacy nonprofit that creates child-friendly reading spaces in barber shops. |
这是一个扫盲非营利组织, 我们创造孩子们喜欢的 理发店阅读空间。 |
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nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; child-friendly:方便儿童使用的;
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| The mission is simple: to help young black boys identify as readers. |
我们的任务很简单: 幫助黑人男孩认同自己为阅读者。 |
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mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
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| Lots of black boys go to the barber shop once or twice a month. |
许多黑人男孩每个月 会去理发店一、二次。 |
| Some see their barbers more than they see their fathers. |
有些孩子见到理发师的次数 比见到他们的父亲还多。 |
| Barbershop Books connects reading to a male-centered space and involves black men and boys' early reading experiences. |
理发店书籍将阅读与 男性为中心的空间连结起来, 让成年黑人男子参与 男孩早期的阅读经验。 |
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male-centered:男性中心;以男性为中心的; involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数)
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| This identity-based reading program uses a curated list of children's books recommended by black boys. |
这个基于认同的阅读计画 使用由黑人男孩 推荐的儿童书籍清单。 |
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curated:v.当馆长(curate的过去分词); recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式)
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| These are the books that they actually want to read. |
这些是他们会想要读的书。 |
| Scholastic's 2016 Kids and Family Report found that the number one thing children look for when choosing a book is a book that will make them laugh. |
学者出版社 (Scholastic) 2016 年的儿童和家庭报告 发现孩子们选书时, |
| So if we're serious about helping black boys and other children to read when it's not required, we need to incorporate relevant male reading models into early literacy. |
所以如果我们很认真要幫助 黑人男孩和其他孩子主动阅读, 而不是强迫他们阅读, 我们需要将相关的男性阅读模型 融入早期识字学习。 |
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incorporate:vt.包含,吸收; vi.合并; adj.合并的;
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| In exchange , some of the children's books that adults love so much for funny, silly or even gross books, like "Gross Greg". |
其实,一些儿童书籍 大人们也都非常喜欢。 那些有趣、愚蠢甚至是恶心的书籍 像《恶心的格雷》(Gross Greg)。 |
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exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换; gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| '"You call them boogers . Greg calls them delicious little sugars." |
「你称它为鼻屎。 格雷称它为美味的小糖。」 |
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boogers:n.鼻屎;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| That laugh, that positive reaction or gross reaction some of you just had, |
那个笑声、正面的反应、 或是你们有些人觉得很恶心的反应, |
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positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| black boys deserve and desperately need more of that. |
黑人男孩应该要有, 并迫切地需要更多。 |
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deserve:vi.应受,应得; desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
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| Dismantling the savage inequalities that plague American education requires us to create reading experiences that inspire all children to say three words: |
消除困扰着美国教育的野蛮不平等 需要我们创造阅读体验 来激发所有的孩子说三个字: |
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Dismantling:v.拆开,拆卸;废除,取消;(dismantle的现在分词) savage:adj.野蛮的; n.未开化的; vt.乱咬; inequalities:n.[数]不等式;不均等,不平衡;不平坦(inequality的复数形式); plague:n.瘟疫;灾祸;麻烦;讨厌的人;vt.折磨;使苦恼;使得灾祸;
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| I'm a reader. |
我阅读。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢！ |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |