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AlexandraSacks_2018S-_以新的角度思考从女人到母亲的转变_
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Do you remember a time when you felt hormonal and moody ? |
你是否记得某个时刻曾经感到 心情烦躁和郁郁寡欢? |
hormonal:adj.荷尔蒙的,激素的; moody:adj.喜怒无常的;易怒的;郁郁寡欢的;
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Your skin was breaking out, your body was growing in strange places and very fast, and at the same time , people were expecting you to be grown-up in this new way. |
你的皮肤上正冒出小痘痘, 身体的特殊部位 开始发育并快速生长, 与此同时, 大人们也正期待你以这种新的方式长大。 |
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
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Teenagers, right? |
说的是青少年,对吧? |
Well, these same changes happen to a woman when she's having a baby. |
其实,女人怀孕时 也会发生同样的变化。 |
And we know that it's normal for teenagers to feel all over the place, so why don't we talk about pregnancy in the same way? |
我们知道,青少年感到 困惑和敏感很正常, 我们何不以同样的方式谈论怀孕呢? |
pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长;
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There are entire textbooks written about the developmental arc of adolescence , and we don't even have a word to describe the transition to motherhood . |
市面上有成套的关于 青春期发展曲线的教科书, 而我们甚至没有一个描述 由女人变为母亲的术语。 |
developmental:adj.发展的;启发的; arc:n.弧;弧形;弓形;v.作弧形运动; adolescence:n.青春期; describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; motherhood:n.母性;母亲身份;
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We need one. |
我们需要一个这样的词汇。 |
I'm a psychiatrist who works with pregnant and postpartum women, a reproductive psychiatrist, and in the decade that I've been working in this field, |
我是一名与孕妇和产妇 打交道的精神科医生, 即生殖心理医生。 在这个领域工作的十年里, |
psychiatrist:n.精神病学家,精神病医生; pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; postpartum:adj.产后的;adv.在产后; reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的;
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I've noticed a pattern. |
我注意到了一个模式。 |
It goes something like this: a woman calls me up, she's just had a baby, and she's concerned . |
一般是这样的: 一位女士打来电话, 她刚生了孩子, 而且感到很忧虑。 |
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
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She says, "I'm not good at this. I'm not enjoying this. |
她说, 我不擅养育孩子,也不喜欢。 |
Do I have postpartum depression ?" |
我得了产后抑郁症吗?” |
depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
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So I go through the symptoms of that diagnosis , and it's clear to me that she's not clinically depressed , and I tell her that. |
接下来,我仔细分析了诊断的症状, 很显然她没得临床抑郁症, 我告诉了她诊断结果。 |
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) diagnosis:n.诊断; clinically:adv.临床地;门诊部地;不偏不倚;通过临床诊断; depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词)
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But she isn't reassured . |
但她依然不放心, |
reassured:adj.使消除疑虑的;使放心的;v.使安心;再次保证(reassure的过去式);
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'"It isn't supposed to feel like this," she insists. |
我不该有这样的感觉, 她坚称。 |
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
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So I say, "OK. What did you expect it to feel like?" |
因此我说道 好吧,那你 认为应该是怎样的感觉呢?” |
She says, "I thought motherhood would make feel whole and happy. |
她说, 我曾以为,当了母亲 会让我感到完整和快乐; |
I thought my instincts would naturally tell me what to do. |
本能自然而然就会 告诉我应该怎么做; |
instincts:n.本能;天性;直觉;(instinct的复数) naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
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I thought I'd always want to put the baby first." |
我曾经也以为,自己会总想着 把孩子放在首位。” |
This -- this is an unrealistic expectation of what the transition to motherhood feels like. |
这种感觉——这是对 从女人转变成母亲的 不切实际的期望。 |
unrealistic:adj.不切实际的;不实在的; expectation:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;
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And it wasn't just her. |
无独有偶, |
I was getting calls with questions like this from hundreds of women, all concerned that something was wrong, because they couldn't measure up . |
我接到过几百位有类似 问题的女士打来的电话, 她们都不约而同地 担心自己出了问题, 因为她们无法达到自己的期望值。 |
measure up:合格;符合标准;
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And I didn't know how to help them, because telling them that they weren't sick wasn't making them feel better. |
我不知道如何帮助她们, 因为告诉了她们没病的事实, 并没让她们感觉轻松一些。 |
I wanted to find a way to normalize this transition, to explain that discomfort is not always the same thing as disease . |
我想找到一种让这种转变 更加正常化的方法, 能解释这种心理不适 与疾病其实是两码事。 |
normalize:vt.使正常化;使规格化,使标准化; discomfort:n.不适,不安;不便之处;vt.使…不舒服;使…不安; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
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So I set out to learn more about the psychology of motherhood. |
所以,我开始学习更多 关于母性心理的知识, |
psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
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But there actually wasn't much in the medical textbooks, because doctors mostly write about disease. |
但医学课本对此却鲜有提及, 因为医生们大部分写的 是关于疾病的知识。 |
So I turned to anthropology . |
于是,我转向人类学寻找答案。 |
anthropology:n.人类学;人类学家;
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And it took me two years, but in an out-of-print essay written in 1973 by Dana Raphael, |
花了两年的时间, 在一篇 丹娜 · 拉斐尔 写于 1973 年的绝版文章中, |
out-of-print:绝版的;已绝版;已售完; Dana:n.美国德纳(美国汽车公司);
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I finally found a helpful way to frame this conversation: matrescence. |
我终于找到了一个有效的 方式来概括这段对话: 孕乳期。 |
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
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It's not a coincidence that "matrescence" sounds like "adolescence." |
孕乳期 听起来 很像 青春期 ,但这并非巧合, |
coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同;
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Both are times when body morphing and hormone shifting lead to an upheaval in how a person feels emotionally and how they fit into the world. |
两种情况都是由于身体改变 和激素变化同时作用所致, 这两种因素造成人在情绪感受 及如何融入生活方面发生剧变。 |
morphing:n.变形; hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) upheaval:n.剧变;隆起;举起; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地;
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And like adolescence, matrescence is not a disease, but since it's not in the medical vocabulary, since doctors aren't educating people about it, it's being confused with a more serious condition called postpartum depression. |
和青春期一样,孕乳期不是病, 但因为这一改变 并不存在于医学词汇中, 医生也没教给人们这方面的知识, 所以,人们将孕乳期现象 和更严重的产后抑郁症混为一谈。 |
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
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I've been building on the anthropology literature and have been talking about matrescence with my patients using a concept called the "push and pull." |
我一直在人类学文献的基础上, 使用 推和拉 的概念, 和病人谈关于孕乳期的问题。 |
literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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Here's the pull part. |
“拉”的部分是这样的: |
As humans, our babies are uniquely dependent . |
我们人类的婴儿特别依赖他人。 |
uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地; dependent:adj.取决于;依靠的;依赖的;有瘾的;n.受赡养者;扈从;依存[从属]物;
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Unlike other animals, our babies can't walk, they can't feed themselves, they're very hard to take care of. |
和其它动物不同的是, 我们的婴儿不会走路、 不能自己吃饭, 照顾它们特别费心。 |
So evolution has helped us out with this hormone called oxytocin . |
所以进化用了一种叫做催产素的激素 来帮助我们解决这个难题。 |
evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进; oxytocin:n.[药]催产素;缩宫素;脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种;
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It's released around childbirth and also during skin-to-skin touch, so it rises even if you didn't give birth to the baby. |
分娩时身体会释放催产素, (与婴儿)皮肤接触时 也会释放催产素, 所以即便你没在生孩子, 身体也会分泌催产素。 |
released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) childbirth:n.分娩; give birth to:产生,造成;生孩子;
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Oxytocin helps a human mother's brain zoom in, pulling her attention in, so that the baby is now at the center of her world. |
催产素帮助人类母亲的大脑集中 精力、 把她的注意力“拉”过来, 让宝宝成为她当下世界的中心。 |
But at the same time, her mind is pushing away, because she remembers there are all these other parts to her identity -- other relationships, her work, hobbies, a spiritual and intellectual life, not to mention physical needs: to sleep, to eat, to exercise, to have sex, to go to the bathroom, alone -- |
但与此同时, 理智 把她从宝宝身上“推”开, 因为她想起来自己的 身份还包含了其他内容—— 其他各种关系、 她的工作、 自己的爱好、 精神和知性生活, 更不用说生理需要了: 要睡觉、 吃饭、 运动、 过性生活、 去洗手间, 一个人去做以上这些事情—— |
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; not to mention:更不必说;不必提及; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
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(Laughter) |
(笑声) |
if possible. |
如果可能的话。 |
This is the emotional tug-of-war of matrescence. |
这就是孕乳期的情感纠葛, |
tug-of-war:n.拔河;激烈竞争;
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This is the tension the women calling me were feeling. |
这就是给我打电话的 女士们所感受到的不安, |
tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧;
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It's why they thought they were sick. |
这就是为什么她们认为自己病了。 |
If women understood the natural progression of matrescence, if they knew that most people found it hard to live inside this push and pull, if they knew that under these circumstances , |
如果女性已经知晓了 孕乳期的自然发展过程, 如果她们已明白大多数人很难 在这种“推和拉”的矛盾中生活, 如果她们已然知晓: 在这种情形之下, |
progression:n.前进;连续; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
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ambivalence was normal and nothing to be ashamed of, they would feel less alone, they would feel less stigmatized , and I think it would even reduce rates of postpartum depression. |
矛盾心理是正常的, 没有什么可羞愧的, 她们就不会那么孤单无助, 也就会少一些自责, 我认为做到这一点甚至会 降低产后抑郁症的发病率。 |
ambivalence:n.[心理]矛盾情绪;正反感情并存; ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿; stigmatized:adj.受非难的;被污名化的;v.污辱;指责(stigmatize的过去分词);
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I'd love to study that one day. |
我很乐意有一天能研究这个课题。 |
I'm a believer in talk therapy , so if we're going to change the way our culture understands this transition to motherhood, women need to be talking to each other, not just me. |
我信奉谈话疗法, 所以,如果我们要改变我们的文化 对女人转变为母亲的看法, 女人们需要互相交谈, 而不仅仅是与我交流。 |
believer:n.信徒;相信的人; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
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So mothers, talk about your matrescence with other mothers, with your friends, and, if you have one, with your partner, so that they can understand their own transition and better support you. |
所以妈妈们,跟其他母亲 谈论你的孕乳期感受吧, 也可以和朋友交流, 如果有条件的话,也要和 伴侣交流自己的感受, 这样他们也能知晓 自己的角色转变, 会更好地支持你。 |
But it's not just about protecting your relationship. |
但这不仅仅是为了 保护你和周围人的关系, |
When you preserve a separate part of your identity, you're also leaving room for your child to develop their own. |
当保留你身份中独立部分的同时, 你也为孩子留出了自我发展的空间。 |
preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
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When a baby is born, so is a mother, each unsteady in their own way. |
当婴儿降临时,母亲也会获得新生, 母子二人都踉跄着探索自己脚下的路。 |
unsteady:adj.不稳定的;不规则的;摇摆的;无常的;vt.使不稳定;动摇;
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Matrescence is profound , but it's also hard, and that's what makes it human. |
孕乳期意义深远, 但也很艰难, 也正是这一点造就了人类。 |
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
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Thank you. |
谢谢大家! |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |