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AlexWissnerGross_2013X-_新的“智慧”方程式_
Intelligence -- what is it? 智慧,是什麽？
If we take a look back at the history of how intelligence has been viewed, one seminal example has been 如果我们回顾历史 对智慧的定义, 有一个基本的例子是,
seminal:adj.种子的;精液的;生殖的;
Edsger Dijkstra's famous quote that the question of whether a machine can think is about as interesting as the question of whether a submarine can swim. 艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉说过的一句话:(注:着名电脑科学家) “关于机械是否能思考的问题 就有如在问 潜水艇是否能游泳 一样有意思。”
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; submarine:n.潜艇;adj.水下的;海底的v.用潜艇攻击;驾驶潜艇;
Now, Edsger Dijkstra, when he wrote this, intended it as a criticism of the early pioneers of computer science , like Alan Turing . 当艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉写下这句话, 是在质疑 早期的电脑科学先驱, 譬如艾伦·图灵。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责; computer science:n.计算机科学; Turing:n.图灵机(一种可不受储存容量限制的假想计算机);
However, if you take a look back and think about what have been the most empowering innovations that enabled us to build artificial machines that swim and artificial machines that [fly], you find that it was only through understanding the underlying physical mechanisms of swimming and flight that we were able to build these machines. 然而,如果你回顾 并思考, 是什么重大的创新 使我们能够制造出 会游泳和会飞的 人造机器, 你就会发现, 唯有透过了解 游泳和飞翔的基本物理机制, 我们才能制造出这些机器。
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词) innovations:n.创新(innovation的复数);改革; enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
And so, several years ago, 因此,几年前,
I undertook a program to try to understand the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying intelligence. 我着手进行一个计划, 试图去了解什么是 智慧的基本物理机制。
undertook:v.承担(undertake的过去式);着手做; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
Let's take a step back. 先让我们退一步,
Let's first begin with a thought experiment. 先从一个发想实验开始。
Pretend that you're an alien race that doesn't know anything about Earth biology or Earth neuroscience or Earth intelligence, but you have amazing telescopes and you're able to watch the Earth, and you have amazingly long lives, so you're able to watch the Earth over millions, even billions of years. 假设你是一个外星人, 对地球的生物完全不了解, 也不了解地球的神经学和生物智慧, 但你有很棒的望远镜, 可以直接看到地球, 而且你有很长很长的寿命, 所以你有好几百万年甚至好几十亿年的时间 来观察地球。
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); telescopes:n.望远镜; v.套叠; (telescope的第三人称单数)
And you observe a really strange effect. 你发现一个很怪异的事情。
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
You observe that, over the course of the millennia , 你发现,在千禧年这个过程中,
millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世;
Earth is continually bombarded with asteroids up until a point, and that at some point, corresponding roughly to our year, 2000 AD, asteroids that are on a collision course with the Earth that otherwise would have collided mysteriously get deflected or they detonate before they can hit the Earth. 地球不断地遭到小行星的撞击, 直到某一天, 在某一个时刻, 大约就是我们现在的西元两千年左右, 小行星原本运行在 会撞击到地球的轨道上, 但是那个轨道 神奇地偏移了, 或者小行星在撞到地球前爆炸了。
continually:adv.不断地;频繁地; bombarded:v.轰炸(bombard的过去分词); adj.被轰击的; asteroids:n.[天]小行星(asteroid的复数); corresponding:adj.符合的; v.相一致; (correspond的现在分词) roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; collision:n.抵触;碰撞(或相撞)事故; collided:v.碰撞,冲突(collide的过去分词); mysteriously:adv.神秘地;故弄玄虚地;难以理解地; deflected:adj.偏离的,偏向的;v.打歪(deflect的过去分词); detonate:v.(使)爆炸;引爆;起爆;
Now of course, as earthlings , we know the reason would be that we're trying to save ourselves. 当然,身为地球人, 我们知道那是因为 我们试着拯救人类,
earthlings:n.世人,俗人;凡人(earthling的复数形式);
We're trying to prevent an impact . 试着避免撞击发生。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
But if you're an alien race who doesn't know any of this, doesn't have any concept of Earth intelligence, you'd be forced to put together a physical theory that explains how, up until a certain point in time, 但如果你是外星人, 不知道这些, 对地球上的智慧没有任何概念, 那么你只好勉强拼凑出一个 物理理论来解释, 直到某一个时刻,
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
asteroids that would demolish the surface of a planet mysteriously stop doing that. 应该毁灭地表一切的小行星 神奇地不再发生。
demolish:v.拆毁;(意外)毁坏;推翻;轻易而彻底地打败;
And so I claim that this is the same question as understanding the physical nature of intelligence. 而我认为这跟要了解 智慧的物理机制是一样的问题。
claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
So in this program that I undertook several years ago, 因此,在这项我几年前开始进行的计划中,
I looked at a variety of different threads across science, across a variety of disciplines , that were pointing, I think, towards a single, underlying mechanism for intelligence. 我研究各式各样的想法, 横跨科学以及不同领域, 我认为, 这些都指向智慧的一个单一 基本机制。
variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; threads:n.线; v.穿(针); (thread的第三人称单数和复数) disciplines:n.[管理]纪律(discipline的复数); v.训导;
In cosmology , for example, there have been a variety of different threads of evidence that our universe appears to be finely tuned for the development of intelligence, and, in particular , for the development of universal states that maximize the diversity of possible futures. 以宇宙论为例, 有各种不同的证据显示 我们所在的宇宙是被精心调整到 适合发展出智慧的, 尤其是发展出一个 普遍性的状态 能使未来的可能性上做最大化。
cosmology:n.[天]宇宙论,[天]宇宙学; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; finely:adv.非常地;细微地;美好地;雅致地; tuned:v.(为乐器)调音,校音;调整,调节(发动机);调频道(tune的过去分词和过去式) in particular:尤其,特别; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
In game play, for example, in Go -- everyone remembers in 1997 when IBM's Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov at chess -- fewer people are aware that in the past 10 years or so, the game of Go, arguably a much more challenging game because it has a much higher branching factor , has also started to succumb to computer game players for the same reason: 以围棋为例, 大家都记得1997年 IBM 的深蓝电脑打败棋王卡斯帕罗夫, 但只有少数人知道 在过去的十年, 围棋, 被视为是非常具挑战性的游戏, 因为它有更多的分歧因素, 同时也开始让 电脑玩家臣服, 这些都是同样的理由:
Garry:n.奥里根白栎(植物); arguably:v.可论证地; factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; succumb:vi.屈服;死;被压垮; computer game:n.电脑游戏;
the best techniques right now for computers playing Go are techniques that try to maximize future options during game play. 现在让电脑下棋最好的技巧 就是将下棋过程可能发生的事件数 最大化。
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
Finally , in robotic motion planning, there have been a variety of recent techniques that have tried to take advantage of abilities of robots to maximize future freedom of action in order to accomplish complex tasks. 最后,在机器人的行动规划中, 最近的各种技术 都是试图让机器人 在未来能自由行动的可能性 做最大化, 以完成某些复杂的任务。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势; take advantage of:利用; accomplish:v.完成;实现;达到; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
And so, taking all of these different threads and putting them together, 所以,用这些不同的想法, 把它们拼凑在一起,
I asked, starting several years ago, is there an underlying mechanism for intelligence that we can factor out of all of these different threads? 在几年前我开始问, 有没有一个关于智慧的基本机制 是我们可以从这些不同的想法中 分解出来的？
Is there a single equation for intelligence? 有没有一个属于智慧的方程式？
equation:n.方程式,等式;相等;[化学]反应式;
And the answer, I believe, is yes. [F = T ? Sτ] 我相信答案是,有的。[F = T ? Sτ]
What you're seeing is probably the closest equivalent to an E = mc2 for intelligence that I've seen. 你现在看到的 或许是我看过最接近 E = mc2 的属于智慧的方程式。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
So what you're seeing here is a statement of correspondence that intelligence is a force, F, that acts so as to maximize future freedom of action. 你所看到的 是相对应的诠释, 智慧是一种力量,F 它的作用是最大化行动的自由度。
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; correspondence:n.通信;一致;相当;
It acts to maximize future freedom of action, or keep options open, with some strength T, with the diversity of possible accessible futures, S, up to some future time horizon , tau. 它的作用会最大化行动的自由度 或是一直保有开放的选择, 配合某一强度 T, 和可能发生的未来多样性,S 直到未来的某一个时间点,t。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围;
In short, intelligence doesn't like to get trapped . 简单地说,智慧不喜欢被约束住。
trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式)
Intelligence tries to maximize future freedom of action and keep options open. 智慧希望最大化未来行动的自由度, 保持开放的选项。
And so, given this one equation, it's natural to ask, so what can you do with this? 所以,有了这一个方程式, 很自然地就会问,你能用它做甚么？
How predictive is it? 它的预测能力如何？
predictive:adj.预言性的;成为前兆的;
Does it predict human-level intelligence? 它能否预测人类的智慧？
Does it predict artificial intelligence ? 它能否预测人工智慧？
artificial intelligence:n.人工智能;
So I'm going to show you now a video that will, I think, demonstrate some of the amazing applications of just this single equation. 现在我要给各位看一段影片, 我认为可以说明 一些令人惊讶的应用, 而且都只来自这一个方程式。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威;
(Video) Narrator : Recent research in cosmology has suggested that universes that produce more disorder , or entropy , over their lifetimes should tend to have more favorable conditions for the existence of intelligent beings such as ourselves. (影片) 旁白:宇宙学最近的研究 推论宇宙会产生愈来愈多的 失序,或是熵 (entropy), 应该更容易拥有有利的环境, 让智慧存在。
Narrator:n.讲述者;(电视节目中的)幕后解说员;旁白员; universes:语义层;此生彼世; disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱; entropy:n.[热]熵(热力学函数); favorable:adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的,赞许的;讨人喜欢的; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
But what if that tentative cosmological connection between entropy and intelligence hints at a deeper relationship? 但如果把这个宇宙学待验证的 乱度和智慧的关系 再进一步加深会怎样？
what if:如果…怎么办? tentative:adj.试验性的,暂定的;踌躇的;n.假设,试验; cosmological:adj.宇宙论的;宇宙哲学的; hints:n.暗示,提示(hint的复数形式);v.暗示,示意(hint的单三形式);
What if intelligent behavior doesn't just correlate with the production of long-term entropy, but actually emerges directly from it? 如果智慧和长期乱度的增加 不只是有正相关性, 而且是从中发展出来的呢？
correlate:vi.关联;vt.使有相互关系;互相有关系;n.相关物;相关联的人;adj.关联的; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
To find out, we developed a software engine called Entropica, designed to maximize the production of long-term entropy of any system that it finds itself in. 为了解答这问题,我们开发了一个软体 可以把任何系统中 熵的长期成长最大化。
Amazingly, Entropica was able to pass multiple animal intelligence tests, play human games, and even earn money trading stocks , all without being instructed to do so. 令人惊讶的是,Entropica 能够通过 多项动物智慧测试,玩人类的游戏, 甚至从股票交易中赚到钱, 而且事前完全不用去教导它。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; stocks:n.[金融]股票; v.采购;
Here are some examples of Entropica in action. 这里有几个 Entropica 的实例。
Just like a human standing upright without falling over, here we see Entropica automatically balancing a pole using a cart . 像人可以直立站着不会跌倒, 我们可以看到, Entropica使用一台车来自动平衡杆子。
upright:n.立柱;adj.直立的;挺直的;竖直的;垂直的;adv.竖立着;垂直着; automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的; pole:n.磁极;电极;柱子;杆子;v.用篙撑船;摆船; cart:n.运货马车;手推车;手拉车;v.用车装运;用手提;强行带走;抓走;.
This behavior is remarkable in part because we never gave Entropica a goal. 这个表现在某方面很了不起, 因为我们从来没有为Entropica设定一个目标。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
It simply decided on its own to balance the pole. 由它自己决定要去平衡这个杆子。
This balancing ability will have appliactions for humanoid robotics and human assistive technologies . 这个平衡的能力可以应用在 机器人上, 以及人类行动辅助技术。
humanoid:adj.像人的;n.类人动物; robotics:n.机器人学; assistive:辅助的; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
Just as some animals can use objects in their environments as tools to reach into narrow spaces, here we see that Entropica, again on its own initiative , 就像有些动物 会使用周遭的物品当作工具, 以便能伸及到窄小的地方, 我们可以再次看到 Entropica 由它自己决定,
narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分; initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的;
was able to move a large disk representing an animal around so as to cause a small disk, representing a tool, to reach into a confined space holding a third disk and release the third disk from its initially fixed position. 可以移动代表动物的大圆圈, 让代表工具的小圆圈 进入一个有第三个圆圈的 狭小空间, 然后把第三个圆圈从里面挤出来。
representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) confined:adj.狭窄的; v.限制(confine的过去式和过去分词); release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与; initially:adv.最初,首先;开头;
This tool use ability will have applications for smart manufacturing and agriculture. 这个使用工具的能力可以应用在 智慧制造和农業上。
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
In addition , just as some other animals are able to cooperate by pulling opposite ends of a rope at the same time to release food, here we see that Entropica is able to accomplish a model version of that task. 另外,就像其它动物 会同时合力拉下绳索的两端, 让食物掉出来, 我们看到 Entropica 可以完成 模组化后的同样任务。
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; cooperate:v.合作;配合;协作;结合; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
This cooperative ability has interesting implications for economic planning and a variety of other fields. 这个合作的能力可以应用在 经济规划和其它各样的领域。
cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织; implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数); economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
Entropica is broadly applicable to a variety of domains . Entropica 可以广泛的应用在 各样的领域。
broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; applicable:adj.可适用的;可应用的;合适的; domains:n.域,域名;领域;网域(domain的复数形式);
For example, here we see it successfully playing a game of pong against itself, illustrating its potential for gaming. 例如,我们可以看到它 成功地和自己玩 乓 (Pong), 代表它能玩游戏的潜力。
pong:n.乒乓球;恶臭;难闻的气味;vi.发出难闻的气味;adj.乒乓的; illustrating:图解; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Here we see Entropica orchestrating new connections on a social network where friends are constantly falling out of touch and successfully keeping the network well connected . 我们看到 Entropica 精心地 建立起社群的新连结, 当朋友们不时地失去联系, 它会成功地维持这个网络。
orchestrating:v.精心安排;编配或创作管弦乐曲;策划;密谋;(orchestrate的现在分词) constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; out of touch:失去联系;不来往的; well connected:adj.有好亲戚的;出身名门的;血统关系好的;精心构思的;
This same network orchestration ability also has applications in health care , energy, and intelligence. 这样的网络连结能力 同样可以应用在医疗照顾, 能源和智慧发展上。
orchestration:n.管弦乐编曲;和谐的结合; health care:n.卫生保健;
Here we see Entropica directing the paths of a fleet of ships, successfully discovering and utilizing the Panama Canal to globally extend its reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 为海洋中的船队指引路径, 成功地发现并使用巴拿马运河, 使它的足迹遍及全球每个角落,从大西洋 到太平洋。
fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; utilizing:v.利用(utilize的ing形式); extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸; Atlantic:adj.大西洋的;巨人阿特拉斯的;n.大西洋;
By the same token , Entropica is broadly applicable to problems in autonomous defense, logistics and transportation . 可以广泛地应用在 自主防卫和物流运输上。
token:n.代币;代金券;赠券;adj.装样子的;敷衍的;象征性的; autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; logistics:n.[军]后勤;后勤学;物流; transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
Finally, here we see Entropica spontaneously discovering and executing a buy-low, sell-high strategy on a simulated range traded stock, successfully growing assets under management exponentially . 最后,我们看到 Entropica 自己发现并且执行 低买高卖的策略, 在一个区间交易的股票模拟市场中, 成功地将管理资产规模 指数性成长。
spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地; executing:v.(尤指依法)处决,处死;实行;执行;实施;(execute的现在分词) strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; simulated:adj.假装的; v.假装; (simulate的过去式和过去分词) assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
This risk management ability will have broad applications in finance and insurance . 这样的风险管理能力 可以应用在财务 和保险上。
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
Alex Wissner-Gross: So what you've just seen is that a variety of signature human intelligent cognitive behaviors such as tool use and walking upright and social cooperation all follow from a single equation, which drives a system to maximize its future freedom of action. 艾力克斯·威斯奈-格罗斯:以上你们所看到的 是一个代表人类智慧的 认知行为能力, 像是工具的使用、直立行走、 以及群体合作, 全部都遵行一个方程式, 这个方程式驱使一个系统 可以最大化未来行动的自由。
signature:n.署名;签名;信号; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; cooperation:n.合作;配合;
Now, there's a profound irony here. 然而,有一个很大的讽刺是,
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的;
Going back to the beginning of the usage of the term robot, the play RUR, there was always a concept that if we developed machine intelligence, there would be a cybernetic revolt . 回顾最初 使用”机器人”这个名词时, 在舞台剧《罗梭的万能工人》(R.U.R,) 中, 一直有一个概念: 如果我们发展了人工智慧, 机器人将会起义反抗,
usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; cybernetic:adj.控制论的; revolt:v.反抗;叛逆;违抗;使惊骇;n.叛乱;起义;违抗;
The machines would rise up against us. 对抗我们人类。
One major consequence of this work is that maybe all of these decades, we've had the whole concept of cybernetic revolt in reverse . 我们这个研究主要的结论之一是, 或许在过去这几十年来, 我们在逆向思考机器人反抗” 这个概念。
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的;
It's not that machines first become intelligent and then megalomaniacal and try to take over the world. 并不是机器先变聪明, 然后自大, 然后才企图统治全世界,
megalomaniacal:夸大狂(者)的; take over:接管;继承;接收;接任;接替;
It's quite the opposite, that the urge to take control of all possible futures is a more fundamental principle than that of intelligence, that general intelligence may in fact emerge directly from this sort of control-grabbing, rather than vice versa . 而是应该反过来看, 想要控制所有未来可能性 的欲望, 比控制智慧 是更加基本的原则, 一般的智慧或许是 直接从操控中产生的, 并非反过来。
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; vice versa:反之亦然;
Another important consequence is goal seeking . 另一个重要的结论是寻找目标。
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词)
I'm often asked, how does the ability to seek goals follow from this sort of framework? 我经常被问到,寻找目标的能力 是如何从这个架构中产生的？
And the answer is, the ability to seek goals will follow directly from this in the following sense: just like you would travel through a tunnel , a bottleneck in your future path space, in order to achieve many other diverse objectives later on, or just like you would invest in a financial security, reducing your short-term liquidity 答案是,寻找目标的能力 会直接来自于 以下这个想法: 就像你行经一个隧道, 一个在你未来道路上的瓶颈, 是为了到达许多 在未来的不同目的地, 或者,就像你在证券上的 投资, 降低短期的流动性,
tunnel:n.地下通道;地道;隧道;(动物的)洞穴通道;v.开凿隧道;挖地道; bottleneck:n.瓶颈;障碍物; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; objectives:n.目的(objective的复数形式);目标;宗旨; invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; short-term:adj.短期的; liquidity:n.流动性;流动资产;[金融]偿债能力;
in order to increase your wealth over the long term, goal seeking emerges directly from a long-term drive to increase future freedom of action. 是为了增加长期的财富, 而寻找目标是来自于 一个长期的趋动力 用来增加未来的行动自由。
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有;
Finally, Richard Feynman, famous ck">< b> physicist , once wrote that if human ck">< b> civilization were destroyed and you could pass only a single concept on to our ck">< b> descendants to help them rebuild civilization, that concept should be that all matter around us is made out of tiny elements that attract each other whe ck">< b> n they'r e far apart but repel each other whe ck">< b> n they'r e close together. 最后,知名的物理学家理察费曼曾说, 如果人类文明要被毁灭了, 而你只能留下一个概念 给后世的子孙, 以便协助他们重建文明, 那么这个概念应该是: 所有我们周遭的物质 是是由微小的元素组成, 当它们相隔很远时会互相吸引, 但靠近时会互相排斥。
My equivalent of that statement to pass on to descendants to help them build artificial intelligences or to help them understand human intelligence, is the following: 而我同样要 留给后世的想法 以便幫助他们发展人工智慧, 或是幫助他们了解人类的智慧, 我会说:
intelligences:[军]情报;
Intelligence should be viewed as a physical process that tries to maximize future freedom of action and avoid constraints in its own future. 智慧应该被视为 一个物理程序, 它将试着最大化未来的行动自由, 避免将自己局限住。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式);
Thank you very much. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) (掌声)