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AlexLaskey_2013-_行为科学是怎样减少你的能源支出的_
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| How many of you have checked your email today? |
在座有多少人今天查看過電子郵件？ |
| Come on, raise your hands. |
好,請舉手 |
| How many of you are checking it right now? |
有多少人現在正在查看？ |
| (Laughter) |
（笑聲） |
| And how about finances? Anybody check that today? |
金融帳戶呢？今天有人查看了嗎？ |
| Credit card , investment account? |
信用卡、投資帳戶呢？ |
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Credit card:n.[经]信用卡; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
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| How about this week? |
本週內有看過的？ |
| Now, how about your household energy use? |
好,家庭能源使用情況呢？ |
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household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
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| Anybody check that today? |
今天有人查看過嗎？ |
| This week? Last week? |
這星期或上星期？ |
| A few energy geeks spread out across the room. |
現場有幾位能源達人 |
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geeks:n.奇葩(指反常的人,畸形人,野人,现也指智力超群,善于钻研但不懂与人交往的学者或知识分子); spread out:冒火;喷火;
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| It's good to see you guys. |
很高興見到你們 |
| But the rest of us -- this is a room filled with people who are passionate about the future of this planet, and even we aren't paying attention to the energy use that's driving climate change. |
但其餘聽眾－這個房間裡擠滿 關心地球未來的人 即使我們這些人 對導致氣候變化的能源使用都不甚在意 |
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passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
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| The woman in the photo with me is Harriet. |
這位與我合照的女士名叫 Harriet |
| We met her on our first family vacation. |
我們是在第一次全家出遊時碰到她的 |
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first family:n.第一家庭(美国总统的家庭);
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| Harriet's paying attention to her energy use, and she is decidedly not an energy geek. |
Harriet 十分關心能源使用情況 但她絕非能源達人 |
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decidedly:adv.果断地;断然地;明显;毫无疑问;
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| This is the story of how Harriet came to pay attention. |
我想分享的是為何Harriet開始關心能源使用的故事 |
| This is coal, the most common source of electricity on the planet, and there's enough energy in this coal to light this bulb for more than a year. |
這是煤炭 地球上最常見的電力來源 這些煤炭蘊藏足夠的能量 可點亮這個燈泡超過一年 |
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source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; bulb:n.电灯泡;(植物)鳞茎;鳞茎状物(如温度计的球部);v.生球茎;肿[涨]成球;
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| But unfortunately , between here and here, most of that energy is lost to things like transmission leakage and heat. |
但不幸的是,從這裡到這裡 大部分能量 因傳導和熱能消耗等因素而流失 |
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unfortunately:adv.不幸地; transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置; leakage:n.泄漏;渗漏物;漏出量;
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| In fact, only 10 percent ends up as light. |
事實上,最後只有10% 能量以光能形式呈現 |
| So this coal will last a little bit more than a month. |
因此這些煤炭僅能維持一個多月的照明 |
| If you wanted to light this bulb for a year, you'd need this much coal. |
如果你想讓這個燈泡照明一年 需使用這麼多煤炭 |
| The bad news here is that, for every unit of energy we use, we waste nine. |
壞消息是,每當我們使用一單位能量 即浪費九單位能量 |
| That means there's good news, because for every unit of energy we save, we save the other nine. |
這意味著其中也有好消息 因為每當我們節省一單位能量 即省下其餘九單位能量 |
| So the question is, how can we get the people in this room and across the globe to start paying attention to the energy we're using, and start wasting less of it? |
因此問題在於我們如何使現場聽眾 及全世界的人開始關心 我們所使用的能源 並開始減少能源浪費？ |
| The answer comes from a behavioral science experiment that was run one hot summer, 10 years ago, and only 90 miles from here, in San Marcos, California. |
答案來自某個行為科學實驗 於十年前一個炎熱的夏天進行 實驗場所位於距離這裡只有90英哩 的加州聖馬克斯 |
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behavioral:adj.行为的;
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| Graduate students put signs on every door in a neighborhood , asking people to turn off their air conditioning and turn on their fans. |
研究生在某街區的每扇門上貼紙條 請住戶關上空調 使用電扇 |
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neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; air conditioning:n.空调系统;空气调节;
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| One quarter of the homes received a message that said, did you know you could save 54 dollars a month this summer? |
四分之一住戶收到的訊息是 「知道嗎？這個夏季你每月可省下54美元」 |
| Turn off your air conditioning, turn on your fans. |
「只要關上空調,使用電扇」 |
| Another group got an environmental message. |
另一組收到的是與環保有關的訊息 |
| And still a third group got a message about being good citizens, preventing blackouts . |
第三組收到的訊息是 「做個好公民,避免造成停電」 |
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blackouts:n.黑朦;灯火管制(blackout的复数);
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| Most people guessed that money-saving message would work best of all. |
多數人預測節省開支的訊息效果最佳 |
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money-saving:adj.省钱的;便宜的;
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| In fact, none of these messages worked. |
事實上,沒有一條訊息起作用 |
| They had zero impact on energy consumption . |
它們對能源消耗情況沒有任何影響 |
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impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
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| It was as if the grad students hadn't shown up at all. |
彷彿那些研究生從來沒有造訪過 |
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grad:n.毕业生;校友;
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| But there was a fourth message, and this message simply said, "When surveyed , 77 percent of your neighbors said that they turned off their air conditioning and turned on their fans. |
但還有第四條訊息 這條訊息只寫著 「根據調查,你有 77 % 鄰居」 「說他們關上空調,使用電扇」 |
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surveyed:v.调查,俯视(survey的过去式和过去分词形式);考察,调研;
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| Please join them. Turn off your air conditioning and turn on your fans." |
「請加入他們的行列, 關上空調,使用電扇」 |
| And wouldn't you know it, they did. |
你們猜怎麼著？他們如法炮製 |
| The people who received this message showed a marked decrease in energy consumption simply by being told what their neighbors were doing. |
收到這則訊息的人 顯著地減少了能源消耗 只因得知鄰居的做法 |
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decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置;
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| So what does this tell us? |
因此,這告訴我們什麼？ |
| Well, if something is inconvenient , even if we believe in it, moral suasion , financial incentives , don't do much to move us -- but social pressure, that's powerful stuff . |
好,如果某件事令人感到不便 即使我們深信不疑 道德勸說、經濟鼓勵不會使我們產生多少動力 但社會壓力則是十分強大的力量 |
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inconvenient:adj.不便的;打扰的; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; suasion:n.说服,劝告; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
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| And harnessed correctly, it can be a powerful force for good. |
若正確使用可成為有益事物的強大力量 |
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harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词)
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| In fact, it already is. |
確實如此 |
| Inspired by this insight , my friend Dan Yates and I started a company called Opower. |
受到這個觀點的啟發,我和朋友 Dan Yates 成立一間名叫 Opower 的公司 |
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Inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
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| We built software and partnered with utility companies who wanted to help their customers save energy. |
我們建構軟體,與希望幫助 顧客節約能源的公共事業公司合作 |
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utility:n.公用事业;实用;实用程序;adj.多用途的;多效用的;
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| We deliver personalized home energy reports that show people how their consumption compares to their neighbors in similar-sized homes. |
我們寄送個人化家庭能源報告 讓人們瞭解他們的能源消耗量 和擁有尺寸相近房屋之鄰居的比較值 |
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personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式) compares:v.比较;对比;(compare的第三人称单数)
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| Just like those effective door hangers , we have people comparing themselves to their neighbors, and then we give everyone targeted recommendations to help them save. |
如同那些效果絕佳的門上留言 我們讓住戶與鄰居進行比較 然後給他們目標性建議 幫助他們節約能源 |
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effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; hangers:n.衣架;悬吊管;热效率(hanger的复数); comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
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| We started with paper, we moved to a mobile application , web, and now even a controllable thermostat , and for the last five years we've been running the largest behavioral science experiment in the world. |
我們從紙本開始,發展到手機應用程式 網路,甚至恒溫控制器 過去五年中,我們持續進行 世上最大的行為科學實驗 |
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mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; controllable:adj.可控制的;可管理的;能操纵的; thermostat:n.恒温器;温度自动调节器
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| And it's working. |
它確實有效 |
| Ordinary homeowners and renters have saved more than 250 million dollars on their energy bills, and we're just getting started. |
一般住戶及租屋者至今已省下 超過2億5千萬美元的能源支出 這只是最初成效 |
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homeowners:n.私房屋主;自己拥有住房者; renters:n.承租人;佃户;出租人;地主(renter的复数);
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| This year alone, in partnership with more than 80 utilities in six countries, we're going to generate another two terawatt hours of electricity savings . |
光是今年,我們與超過80個公共機構合作 遍及六個國家,我們正致力於 額外節省2兆瓦小時用電量 |
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partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; utilities:n.公用事业;实用工具,[计]实用程序;公用程式;(utility的复数) generate:v.产生;引起; terawatt:n.太(拉)[物]瓦;兆兆瓦; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
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| Now, the energy geeks in the room know two terawatt hours, but for the rest of us, two terawatt hours is more than enough energy to power every home in St. Louis and Salt Lake City combined for more than a year. |
好,現場的能源達人瞭解何謂2兆瓦小時 但為了讓其餘聽眾瞭解,2兆瓦小時能量 足以供應聖路易斯及鹽湖城所有家庭 足以供應聖路易斯及鹽湖城所有家庭 超過一年的用電量 |
| Two terawatt hours, it's roughly half what the U.S. solar industry produced last year. |
2兆瓦小時相當於 去年美國太陽能工業產量的一半 |
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roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
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| And two terawatt hours? In terms of coal, we'd need to burn 34 of these wheelbarrows every minute around the clock every day for an entire year to get two terawatt hours of electricity. |
2兆瓦小時,以煤炭計算 每分鐘需燃燒相當於34輛手推車的煤炭 持續燃燒一整年 才能產生2兆瓦小時電力 |
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wheelbarrows:n.独轮车;手推车;(wheelbarrow的复数)
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| And we're not burning anything. |
我們不需要燃燒任何東西 |
| We're just motivating people to pay attention and change their behavior. |
我們只是促使人們關心能源問題 改變他們的行為 |
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motivating:v.激励;刺激;调动…的积极性(motivate的ing形式);
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| But we're just one company, and this is just scratching the surface. |
但我們只是一家公司, 這只是初步嘗試 |
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scratching:v.划伤;擦伤;刮痕;(scratch的现在分词)
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| Twenty percent of the electricity in homes is wasted, and when I say wasted, I don't mean that people have inefficient lightbulbs. They may. |
家用電力有 20% 遭到浪費 我所謂的浪費,並非指人們使用 低效率燈泡,這無傷大雅 |
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inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的;
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| I mean we leave the lights on in empty rooms, and we leave the air conditioning on when nobody's home. |
我指的是空無一人的房間仍亮著燈 家中空無一人時仍開著空調 |
| That's 40 billion dollars a year wasted on electricity that does not contribute to our well-being but does contribute to climate change. |
這導致每年浪費價值400億美元的電力 這對生活來說不構成影響 卻足以導致氣候變化 |
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contribute to:有助于;捐献; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
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| That's 40 billion -- with a B -- every year in the U.S. alone. |
400億美元 僅是美國每年浪費的電力價值 |
| That's half our coal usage right there. |
相當於我國一半的煤炭使用量 |
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usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法;
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| Now thankfully , some of the world's best material scientists are looking to replace coal with sustainable resources like these, and this is both fantastic and essential . |
現在,值得慶幸的是一些世上最傑出的材料科學家 正致力於尋找替代煤炭的可持續能源 例如這些（風力發電） 這是很棒且必要的 |
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thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); fantastic:奇异的,空想的 essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
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| But the most overlooked resource to get us to a sustainable energy future, it isn't on this slide. |
但使我們邁向可持續能源的未來 卻最被忽視的資源,並未顯示在這張投影片上 |
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overlooked:n.被忽视;v.忽视(overlook的过去式和过去分词形式);忽略;俯瞰;
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| It's in this room. It's you, and it's me. |
它在這個房間裡,那就是你們,還有我 |
| And we can harness this resource with no new material science simply by applying behavioral science. |
我們可以駕馭這種資源 不需使用新型材料科學技術 只需應用行為科學 |
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applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词)
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| We can do it today, we know it works, and it will save us money right away . |
我們可以從今天開始我們知道它確實有效 可立即替我們省錢 |
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right away:立刻;
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| So what are we waiting for? |
那我們還等什麼？ |
| Well, in most places, utility regulation hasn't changed much since Thomas Edison. |
好,在大部分地區,公共事業的監管 自愛迪生以來並無多大改變 |
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regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的;
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| Utilities are still rewarded when their customers waste energy. |
公共事業依然獎勵消費者 浪費能源 |
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rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式)
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| They ought to be rewarded for helping their customers save it. |
他們應該因幫助消費者節約能源而獲得獎勵 |
| But this story is much more than about household energy use. |
但這個故事不僅是關於家庭能源的使用 |
| Take a look at the Prius . |
以Prius為例（Toyota生產的油電混合動力車） |
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Take a look at:看一看;检查; Prius:adj.在前的(处方用语);
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| It's efficient not only because Toyota invested in material science but because they invested in behavioral science. |
它的高效能不僅是因為Toyota 投入材料科學研發 也因為他們應用了行為科學 |
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invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
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| The dashboard that shows drivers how much energy they're saving in real time makes former speed demons drive more like cautious grandmothers. |
駕駛可從儀表板得知 即時節約了多少能源 使之前的飆車大王 變得更像謹慎的祖母 |
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dashboard:n.汽车等的仪表板;马车等前部的挡泥板; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; demons:n.恶魔;魔鬼;心魔;邪念;(demon的复数) cautious:adj.谨慎的;十分小心的;
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| Which brings us back to Harriet. |
這讓我們的故事回到 Harriet 身上 |
| We met her on our first family vacation. |
我們是在第一次全家出遊活動中與她相遇 |
| She came over to meet my young daughter, and she was tickled to learn that my daughter's name is also Harriet. |
她上前來看我的小女兒 很高興知道 我女兒也叫Harriet |
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tickled:vt.使发痒; vi.觉得痒; n.胳肢;
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| She asked me what I did for a living, and I told her, I work with utilities to help people save energy. |
她問我從事什麼工作 我告訴她,我與公共事業機構合作 協助人們節約能源 |
| It was then that her eyes lit up. |
此時她雙眼亮了起來 |
| She looked at me, and she said, "You're exactly the person I need to talk to. |
她看著我說 「你正是我想請教的人」 |
| You see, two weeks ago, my husband and I got a letter in the mail from our utility. |
「你知道,兩星期前,我和丈夫收到一封信」 「來自公共事業機構」 |
| It told us we were using twice as much energy as our neighbors." |
「說我們使用的能源比鄰居多2倍」 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑聲） |
| '"And for the last two weeks, all we can think about, talk about, and even argue about, is what we should be doing to save energy. |
「過去兩星期中,我們所思考的」 「討論的、甚至爭論的」 「全是該怎麼做才能節約能源」 |
| We did everything that letter told us to do, and still I know there must be more. |
「我們依照信件指示一一實行」 「但我知道必定不只如此」 |
| Now I'm here with a genuine expert. |
「現在我身邊是一位如假包換的專家」 |
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genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的;
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| Tell me. What should I do to save energy?" |
「請告訴我,怎麼做才能節約能源？」 |
| There are many experts who can help answer Harriet's question. |
有太多專家能回答 Harriet 的問題 |
| My goal is to make sure we are all asking it. |
我的目標是確保 每個人都會提出這個問題 |
| Thank you. |
謝謝 |
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |