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AlastairParvin_2013-_以人为本的建筑_
When we use the word " architect " or "designer,"
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
what we usually mean is a professional, someone who gets paid, and we tend to assume that it's those professionals who are going to be the ones to help us solve 一位收取報酬的人士, 我們也假設這些專業人士 能幫助我們解決
assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
the really big, systemic design challenges that we face like climate change, urbanization and social inequality. 我們所面對的非常重要與系統設計上的挑戰 例如氣候變遷、都市化、社會不公平等等。
systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的; urbanization:n.都市化;文雅化;
That's our kind of working presumption . 這是對我們工作的推測。
presumption:n.放肆,傲慢;推测;
And I think it's wrong, actually. 事實上,我覺得這是錯的。
In 2008, I was just about to graduate from architecture school after several years, and go out and get a job, and this happened. 2008 年時,我正要從建築學院畢業 幾年以後、出社會、找工作, 而這件事情發生了。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
The economy ran out of jobs. 景氣不好,找不到工作。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
And a couple of things struck me about this. 有些事情對我產生了衝擊。
One, don't listen to career advisers . 一,別相信就業指導員。
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; advisers:n.顾问(adviser的复数);
And two, actually this is a fascinating paradox for architecture, which is that, as a society, we've never needed design thinking more, and yet architecture was literally becoming unemployed . 二,對建築業來說,這是件矛盾的事, 這個社會從來不需要貼心的設計, 於是建築師們就這樣失業了。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者;
It strikes me that we talk very deeply about design, but actually there's an economics behind architecture that we don't talk about, and I think we need to. 讓我驚訝的是我們深入地討論設計, 但事實上,建築學的背後是經濟學, 我們卻不討論,我認為我們應該來談談它。
And a good place to start is your own paycheck . 用你的薪水條出發是個不錯的選擇。
paycheck:n.工资;薪金;工资支票;
So, as a bottom-of-the-rung architecture graduate, 身為一個最底層的建築系畢業生,
I might expect to earn about 24,000 pounds. 我大概可以賺 24,000 英鎊,
That's about 36,000, 37,000 dollars. 大約就是 36,000、37,000 美金。
Now in terms of the whole world's population, that already puts me in the top 1.95 richest people, which raises the question of, who is it I'm working for? 以全世界的人口來看, 這已經足以讓我成為最富有的前 1.95%, 這引出了另外一個問題,我究竟為誰工作？
The uncomfortable fact is that actually almost everything that we call architecture today is actually the business of designing for about the richest one percent of the world's population, and it always has been. 不堪的事實是 實際上我們現今所謂的建築 都是一門為全球人口中 最富有的 1% 做設計的生意, 一直以來都是如此。
The reason why we forgot that is because the times in history when architecture did the most to transform society were those times when, actually, the one percent would build 我們忽略這一點的原因是因為, 歷史上建築使社會轉型,事實上 以不同理由,在那 1% 的人 為其他 99% 的人
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
on behalf of the 99 percent, for various different reasons, whether that was through philanthropy in the 19th century, communism in the early 20th, the welfare state , and most recently , of course, through this inflated real estate bubble . 建造建築物的時候, 不論是透過 19 世紀時的慈善事業、 20 世紀初的共產主義、 福利國、以及現在的 誇張的不動產泡沫,
on behalf of:代表;为了; philanthropy:n.博爱,慈善;慈善事业; communism:n.共产主义; welfare state:n.福利制度(由政府向有需要的人提供各种免费服务,如医疗、失业救济金、对老人的照顾等); recently:adv.最近;新近; inflated:adj.通货膨胀的; v.膨胀(inflate的过去式和过去分词); real estate:n.房地产;不动产; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
And all of those booms , in their own various ways, have now kicked the bucket , and we're back in this situation where the smartest designers and architects in the world are only really able to work for one percent of the population. 而這些不同面相的景氣繁榮, 現在都已經不存在了, 我們也回到了這情況, 就是這世上最聰明的設計師以及建築師 能夠為那 1% 的人口工作。
booms:繁荣;激增;增长;轰鸣声;发出低沉洪亮的声音; bucket:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
Now it's not just that that's bad for democracy , though I think it probably is, it's actually not a very clever business strategy , actually. 這不僅僅是對民主制度有害, 緃使我認為會有這樣的情形, 事實上這也不是非常明智的商業策略。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
I think the challenge facing the next generation of architects is, how are we going to turn our client from the one percent to the 100 percent? 我認為下一代建築師面對的挑戰是 怎樣使客戶的數量 從那 1% 變成 100%,
client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人;
And I want to offer three slightly counterintuitive ideas for how it might be done. 我想分享三個有點違反直覺的方法 來做到這一點。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的;
The first is, I think we need to question this idea that architecture is about making buildings. 首先,我們應該要質疑建築 就是蓋房子這個論點。
Actually, a building is about the most expensive solution you can think of to almost any given problem. 實際上,一棟建築物是對幾乎所有問題 你所能想到的最昂貴的解決方法
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And fundamentally , design should be much, much more interested in solving problems and creating new conditions. 基本上,設計應該要更致力於解決問題 及開創新的格局。
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
So here's a story. 有個故事是這麼說的。
The office was working with a school, and they had an old Victorian school building. 有間公司和一所學校合作, 這所學校有幢維多利亞式的古舊建築。
And they said to the architects, "Look, our corridors are an absolute nightmare . 他們告訴建築師們: 「瞧,我們的走廊真是個噩夢。
corridors:n.廊道,[建]走廊(corridor的复数形式); nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
They're far too small. They get congested between classes. 它們太小了。課堂之間上下課時都會大塞車。
congested:adj.堵塞的,拥挤的;v.挤满;超负荷(congest的过去分词);
There's bullying . We can't control them. 時常上演全武行。我們沒辦法控制。
bullying:n.仗势欺人者;横行霸道者;v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;(bully的现在分词)
So what we want you to do is re-plan our entire building, and we know it's going to cost several million pounds, but we're reconciled to the fact." 所以我們希望你們能重新規劃整個建築, 我們也知道這會花數百萬英鎊, 但是我們已經達成協議了。」
reconciled:v.使和谐一致;调和;使配合;使和解;妥协;(reconcile的过去分词和过去式)
And the team thought about this, and they went away, and they said, "Actually, don't do that. 建築團隊想了想,然後離開了。 他們說:「其實不須要這麼做。
Instead, get rid of the school bell. 別用原來的鐘聲了。
And instead of having one school bell that goes off once, have several smaller school bells that go off in different places and different times, distribute the traffic through the corridors." 不應該使用那隻響一次鐘聲的鐘, 以數隻較細的鐘代替那隻大鐘, 在不同時間不同地點響, 就可以把人流分配。」
distribute:v.分发;分配;分销;分散;
It solves the same problem, but instead of spending several million pounds, you spend several hundred pounds. 這樣就解決了同一個問題, 但是卻只花了數百英鎊, 而非數百萬英鎊。
Now, it looks like you're doing yourself out of a job, but you're not. You're actually making yourself more useful. 看起來你失去了一筆生意, 但是你沒有,事實上你讓自己變得更有用了。
Architects are actually really, really good at this kind of resourceful , strategic thinking. 建築師們其實非常非常擅長 做這種資源性、策略性的思考。
resourceful:adj.资源丰富的;足智多谋的;机智的; strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的;
And the problem is that, like a lot of design professions , we got fixated on the idea of providing a particular kind of consumer product, and I don't think that needs to be the case anymore. 問題出在於,如同許多設計師, 我們被定型在 提供特定的產品給顧客, 而我不認為應該要繼續這樣下去了。
professions:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;(profession的复数) fixated:adj.念念不忘的;稳固关系的;v.使固定下来;注视(fixate的过去分词); consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者;
The second idea worth questioning is this 20th-century thing that mass architecture is about big -- big buildings and big finance . 第二個值得質疑的點子就是這個 20 世紀的問題, 大規模的建築物 是奠基於巨大的建築物以及經濟體。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费;
Actually, we've got ourselves locked into this 事實上,我們把自己限制
Industrial Era mindset which says that the only people who can make cities are large organizations or corporations who build on our behalf, procuring whole neighborhoods in single, monolithic projects, and of course, form follows finance. 在這個工業時代的心態裡面了, 認為只有為了我們而設立的大型組織 或公司才能建造城市, 促使整個鄰近地區 成為一個獨立個體, 當然也造就了接下來的經濟發展,
Industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式); procuring:v.(设法)获得;诱使(妇女)卖淫;(procure的现在分词) monolithic:adj.整体的;巨石的,庞大的;完全统一的;n.单块集成电路,单片电路;
So what you end up with are single, monolithic neighborhoods based on this kind of one-size-fits-all model. 結果就是變成以這種一成不變的模型為藍本 所形成的獨立個體,
one-size-fits-all:一刀切;一体适用;万全之策;
And a lot of people can't even afford them. 而許多人根本無法負擔它們。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
But what if , actually, it's possible now for cities to be made not just by the few with a lot but also by the many with a bit? 但是如果城市不單只是 由富有的少數人形成的, 同時也是由不富有的多數人形成的呢？
what if:如果…怎么办?
And when they do, they bring with them a completely different set of values about the place that they want to live. 當他們能做到這點的時候, 對所想要居住的環境就會有完全不同的價值觀。
And it raises really interesting questions about, how will we plan cities? How will finance development? 這就牽涉到一些很有趣的問題了, 我們要如何規劃城市？如何資助發展？
How will we sell design services? 我們要如何銷售設計服務？
What would it mean for democratic societies to offer their citizens a right to build? 民主社會給予人民 建造權利的涵義為何？
democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
And in a way it should be kind of obvious , right, that in the 21st century, maybe cities can be developed by citizens. 就某方面而言,在 21 世紀,城市應該由人民來建造, 這應該是顯而易見的。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
And thirdly, we need to remember that, from a strictly economic point of view , design shares a category with sex and care of the elderly -- mostly it's done by amateurs . 第三,我們要記住, 單以經濟的觀點來看, 設計就像性以及老人照護一樣－－ 大部分都是由外行人完成的,
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; point of view:观点;见地;立场; category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴; elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; amateurs:n.业余爱好者;业余运动员;生手;外行;(amateur的复数)
And that's a good thing. 這是件好事。
Most of the work takes place outside of the monetary economy in what's called the social economy or the core economy, which is people doing it for themselves. 大部分的工作是在稱為社會經濟 或核心經濟的貨幣經濟之外完成的, 人們是為了自己而工作的。
monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
And the problem is that, up until now, it was the monetary economy which had all the infrastructure and all the tools. 問題在於,截至目前為止, 所有公共建設以及工具 都掌握在貨幣經濟手裡。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
So the challenge we face is, how are we going to build the tools, the infrastructure and the institutions for architecture's social economy? 所以我們面臨的挑戰是 我們要如何為建築的社會經濟 建造工具、公共建設、機構？
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
And that began with open-source software. 這就要從開放原始碼的軟體說起了。
open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码;
And over the last few years, it's been moving into the physical world with open-source hardware , which are freely shared blueprints that anyone can download and make for themselves. 在過去幾年當中, 它漸漸轉移到了開放原始碼的硬體, 也就是任何人都能夠下載 重製的免費分享藍圖。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具; blueprints:n.[印刷]蓝图; v.绘…的蓝图;
And that's where 3D printing gets really, really interesting. 3D 列印也因此變得非常非常有趣。
Right? When suddenly you had a 3D printer that was open-source, the parts for which could be made on another 3D printer. 對嗎？當你突然有了一部 3D 印表機, 其原始碼是開放的, 你就可以用另外一部3D 印表機來製作零件。
Or the same idea here, which is for a CNC machine, which is like a large printer that can cut sheets of plywood . 對一部能夠裁切木夾板 的 CNC 也是同樣的道理。
sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数) plywood:n.夹板,胶合板;
What these technologies are doing is radically lowering the thresholds of time and cost and skill. 這些技術從根本上降低了 時間、花費、技術的門檻,
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; thresholds:n.阈值;[建]门槛;临界值值(threshold的复数);
They're challenging the idea that if you want something to be affordable it's got to be one-size-fits-all. 它們挑戰了便宜貨必定 一成不變這個道理。
affordable:adj.负担得起的;
And they're distributing massively really complex manufacturing capabilities. 它們正在讓十分複雜的技術 大規模普及化。
distributing:v.分发;分配;分销;使散开;使分布;分散;(distribute的现在分词) massively:adv.大量地;沉重地;庄严地; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
We're moving into this future where the factory is everywhere, and increasingly that means that the design team is everyone. 在未來,任何地方 都可以是一間工廠, 也意味著每個人都可以是設計團隊。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
That really is an industrial revolution . 這簡直就是一場工業革命。
industrial revolution:n.工业革命;
And when we think that the major ideological conflicts that we inherited were all based around this question of who should control the means of production, 思想上主要的衝突, 我們繼承的,在於誰應該 要控制生產的方法,
ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; inherited:v.继承(金钱、财产等);接替(责任等);继任;(inherit的过去式和过去分词)
and these technologies are coming back with a solution: actually, maybe no one. All of us. 而這些科技回答了解決方法: 事實上,也許沒有人。我們全都一樣。
And we were fascinated by what that might mean for architecture. 這些建築到底有何意義, 我們對此相當著迷。
So about a year and a half ago, we started working on a project called WikiHouse, and WikiHouse is an open-source construction system. 因此大約一年半以前, 我們著手進行一項 名為 WikiHouse 的計畫,
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
And the idea is to make it possible for anyone to go online, access a freely shared library of 3D models which they can download and adapt in, at the moment, SketchUp, because it's free, and it's easy to use, and almost at the click of a switch they can generate a set of cutting files which allow them, in effect, 進入免費分享的 3D 模型資料庫, 並下載使用。 現階段是 SketchUp,因為它是免費,而且易於使用, 幾乎只要按一下, 它們就能產生切割檔案, 讓它們可以使用 CNC 機
adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; generate:v.产生;引起;
to print out the parts from a house using a CNC machine and a standard sheet material like plywood. 印出一棟房子的零件, 以及標準板材,例如夾板,
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
And the parts are all numbered, and basically what you end up with is a really big IKEA kit . 所有的零件都會編號, 而基本上你最後得到的就是一組超大的 IKEA 套件。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; kit:v.装备;n.成套工具;配套元件;成套设备;全套衣服及装备;
(Laughter) (笑聲)
And it goes together without any bolts . 你不需要螺栓就能夠組裝它們,
bolts:n.[机]螺栓;[机]螺钉(bolt的复数);膨胀锚钉;角钢螺丝;毛边书;
It uses wedge and peg connections. 它們利用楔形頭以及木釘來連接,
wedge:vt.楔入;挤进;楔住;vi.楔入;挤进;n.楔子;楔形物;导致分裂的东西; peg:n.楔子; v.用夹子夹住;
And even the mallets to make it can be provided on the cutting sheets as well. 即使是用來建造的木槌, 也可以用切割檔案印出來。
mallets:n.三角木琴;球棍;木槌(mallet的复数形式); provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
And a team of about two or three people, working together, can build this. 一個兩到三個人的小組 合作就可以完成。
They don't need any traditional construction skills. 他們不需要任何傳統的建造技術,
traditional:传统的,惯例的,
They don't need a huge array of power tools or anything like that, and they can build a small house of about this size in about a day. 他們不需要一系列重機械等的工具, 就大約一天內 建造一棟像這樣大小的房子。
array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮;
(Applause) (掌聲)
And what you end up with is just the basic chassis of a house onto which you can then apply systems like windows and cladding and insulation and services based on what's cheap and what's available. 你最後得到的會是房子的骨架, 之後你可以裝上窗戶、 外壁、絕緣材料、用具等等 都根據成本和有什麼可用來決定。
chassis:n.底盘,底架; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; cladding:n.包层;电镀;喷镀;v.穿衣(clad的ing形式); insulation:n.绝缘;隔离,孤立;
Of course, the house is never finished. 當然,這棟房子還沒有完成。
We're shifting our heads here, so the house is not a finished product. 我們才剛開始轉變,所以這棟房子還不是一件完成品。
shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
With the CNC machine, you can make new parts for it over its life or even use it to make the house next door. 有了 CNC,你就可以幫它製作新零件 或甚至用它來建造隔壁的房子。
So we can begin to see the seed of a completely open-source, citizen-led urban development model, potentially . 我們可以預見一個完整的開放來源系統, 市民引領的潛在城市發展模型。
potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
And we and others have built a few prototypes around the world now, and some really interesting lessons here. 我們和其他人已經在世界各地建立了一些雛形, 也有了一些有趣的教訓。
prototypes:n.原型;技术原型;雏型;
One of them is that it's always incredibly sociable . 其中一個總是善於交際,使人難以置信的。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; sociable:adj.社交的;好交际的;友善的;n.联谊会;
People get confused between construction work and having fun. 人們在建造工程和娛樂之間常感到迷惑。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
But the principles of openness go right down into the really mundane , physical details. 但是開放式的原則就能夠 從實際的世俗的角度切入。
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; mundane:adj.世俗的,平凡的;世界的,宇宙的;
Like, never designing a piece that can't be lifted up. 例如,絕對不要設計一個抬不起來的零件。
Or, when you're designing a piece, make sure you either can't put it in the wrong way round, or, if you do, it doesn't matter, because it's symmetrical . 或是當你在設計零件的時候, 確保你之後不會把它裝反, 或是即使裝反了也無所謂,因為它是對稱的。
symmetrical:adj.匀称的,对称的;
Probably the principal which runs deepest with us is the principal set out by Linus Torvalds, the open-source pioneer, which was that idea of, "Be lazy like a fox." 或許我們執行得最為徹底的原則, 就是 Linus Torvalds 所提出的, 他是開放式資源的領航者, 「要像狐狸一樣懶」也是他的主意,
principal:adj.主要的;资本的;n.首长;校长;资本;当事人; Linus:n.莱纳斯;
Don't reinvent the wheel every time. 不必每次都重新發明輪子。
reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现; wheel:车轮,转动
Take what already works, and adapt it for your own needs. 根據你的需求,拿現有的東西來用。
Contrary to almost everything that you might get taught at an architecture school, copying is good. 和幾乎所有你從建築系學到的東西相反, 抄襲是件好事,
Contrary:adj.相反的;对立的;adv.相反地;n.相反;反面;
Which is appropriate , because actually, this approach is not innovative . 這是適當的,因為事實上 這並不是創新,
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
It's actually how we built buildings for hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution in these sorts of community barn-raisings. 這只是我們 在工業革命之前數百年來 眾人合力蓋穀倉的方法而已。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
The only difference between traditional vernacular architecture and open-source architecture might be a web connection, but it's a really, really big difference. 鄉土式建築和開放資源式建築 兩者的差異 或許只在於網路連接, 但真的是一個很大很大的差異。
vernacular:adj.本国的;地方的;用本地语写成的;n.本地话,方言;动植物的俗名;
We shared the whole of WikiHouse under a Creative Commons license , and now what's just beginning to happen is that groups around the world are beginning to take it and use it and hack it and tinker with it, and it's amazing. 我們在創作共用授權(Creative Commons License) 下 分享整個 WikiHouse, 現在才剛剛開始發生, 世界各地的團體開始 接受它、使用它、恣意地運用它,這是驚人的。
Creative:adj.创造性的; license:v.许可;批准; hack:n.砍; v.砍; adj.出租的; tinker:n.修补工;小炉匠,补锅匠,白铁匠;v.(尤指不起作用地)小修补,小修理;
There's a cool group over in Christchurch in New Zealand looking at post-earthquake development housing, and thanks to the TED city Prize, we're working with an awesome group in one of Rio's favelas to set up a kind of community factory and micro-university. 在紐西蘭基督城 (Christchurch) 有個很酷的團體, 正在研究地震災後重建, 透過 TED city Prize, 我們正和一個團體合作,他們位於里約熱內盧的 其中一個貧民區內,建立社區工廠 及小型大學,他們真棒。
Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) post-earthquake:余震; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的; favelas:n.(巴西)贫民窟(favela的复数);
These are very, very small beginnings, and actually there's more people in the last week who have got in touch and they're not even on this map. 這些都是很小很小的開始, 事實上前一個禮拜有更多人聯絡上了 而他們還不在這張地圖上,
I hope next time you see it, you won't even be able to see the map. 我希望你們下次看到時,根本就看不到地圖了。
We're aware that WikiHouse is a very, very small answer, but it's a small answer to a really, really big question, which is that globally, right now, the fastest-growing cities are not skyscraper cities. 我們發現 WikiHouse 是一個很小很小的答案, 但是它卻足以解釋一個很大很大的問題, 也就是現在全球發展最快的城市, 並不是充滿了高樓大廈的城市。
skyscraper:n.摩天楼,超高层大楼;特别高的东西;
They're self-made cities in one form or another. 它們是某種形式的自製城市。
self-made:adj.自制的;自力更生的;自造的;
If we're talking about the 21st-century city, these are the guys who are going to be making it. 如果我們談論到 21 世紀的城市, 他們就是將建造它們的人。
You know, like it or not, welcome to the world's biggest design team. 這麼說吧,不論你喜不喜歡,迎接世界上最大的設計團隊吧。
So if we're serious about problems like climate change, urbanization and health, actually, our existing development models aren't going to do it. 所以如果我們很認真地看待 如氣候變遷、都市化、健康之類的問題, 我們現存的發展模型根本不足以解決它們,
As I think Robert Neuwirth said, there isn't a bank or a corporation or a government or an NGO who's going to be able to do it if we treat citizens only as consumers . 正如 Robert Neuwirth 說: 如果我們只把市民當作消費者來看待的話, 沒有任何一家銀行、政府、 非政府組織能夠做得到。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数)
How extraordinary would it be, though, if collectively we were to develop solutions not just to the problem of structure that we've been working on, but to infrastructure problems like solar-powered air conditioning , off-grid energy, off-grid sanitation -- low-cost , open-source, high-performance solutions that anyone can very, very easily make, and to put them all into a commons where they're owned by everyone and they're accessible by everyone? 希望我們能共同想出解決的方法, 而不僅是解決當前的結構問題, 這可是非凡成就, 同時能夠解決一些基礎建設問題像太陽能空調、 獨立能源、獨立衛生系統 - 價格低廉、開放式資源、高效能的解決方案, 讓每個人都能輕易製作, 並讓它們公有化, 使每個人擁有並使用,
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; solar-powered:adj.太阳能的; air conditioning:n.空调系统;空气调节; off-grid:adj.离网的; sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施; low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的; high-performance:adj.高性能的;高效能的; accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
A kind of Wikipedia for stuff ? 就像一種實體的 Wikipedia 嗎？
Wikipedia:维基百科; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
And once something's in the commons, it will always be there. 一旦有東西出現在公有範圍內, 它就會永遠在那裏。
How much would that change the rules? 這將會改變多少的既有定律？
And I think the technology's on our side. 我認為科技站在我們這邊的,
If design's great project in the 20th century was the democratization of consumption -- that was Henry Ford, Levittown, Coca-Cola , IKEA — 如果在 20 世紀,設計的偉大工程 是消費民主化 - 像是 Henry Ford、Levittown、Coca-cola、IKEA -
democratization:n.民主化; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; Coca-Cola:n.可口可乐(美国饮料公司);
I think design's great project in the 21st century is the democratization of production. 我認為 21 世紀的偉大工程設計 就是生產的民主化,
And when it comes to architecture in cities, that really matters. 對於城市裡面的建築來說, 這真的很重要。
Thank you very much. 謝謝。
(Applause) (掌聲)