|
|
AlannaShaikh_2020X-_我们为什么正遭受新冠病毒重击，以及应该如何为下个疾病爆发做准备_-
|
| I want to lead here by talking a little bit about my credentials to bring this up with you, because, quite honestly, you really, really should not listen to any old person with an opinion about COVID-19. |
在开始演讲之前, 我想要申明自己的相关资历, 这样做, 老实说是因为 你在新型冠状病毒 （COVID-19）这件事上, 真的不应该倾听 任何一个长者的想法。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So I've been working in global health for about 20 years, and my specific technical specialty is in health systems and what happens when health systems experience severe shocks. |
我从事全球卫生工作 大约有 20 年了, 我的特定技术专长是 卫生系统 以及当卫生系统遭到严重冲击时 会发生什么。 |
|
credentials:n.[管理]证书; v.得到信用; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的; specialty:n.专业,专长;特产;特性;招牌菜;adj.特色的;专门的;独立的; severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的;
|
| I've also worked in global health journalism; |
我也一直在 全球卫生相关的新闻业工作, |
| I've written about global health and biosecurity for newspapers and web outlets , and I published a book a few years back about the major global health threats facing us as a planet. |
我为报纸和网络媒体 在几年前也我也出版过一本书, 这本书讲述了我们星球 所面临的主要全球卫生威胁。 |
| I have supported and led epidemiology efforts that range from evaluating Ebola treatment centers to looking at transmission of tuberculosis in health facilities and doing avian influenza preparedness . |
我支持并领导了 许多流行病相关的工作—— 从评估埃博拉治疗中心 到研究医疗机构中肺结核的传播机制, 再到禽流感的准备工作。 |
|
biosecurity:生物安全性; outlets:n.出路;销售点;排水口;批发商点(outlet的复数形式); epidemiology:n.流行病学;传染病学; evaluating:v.估计;评价;评估;(evaluate的现在分词) Ebola:n.埃博拉病毒; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) avian:adj.鸟的;鸟类的;n.鸟; influenza:n.[内科]流行性感冒(简写flu);家畜流行性感冒; preparedness:n.有准备;已准备;做好准备(尤指作战准备);
|
| I have a master's degree in International Health. |
我是国际卫生专业的硕士。 |
| I'm not a physician . I'm not a nurse. |
我不是医生,也不是护士。 |
| My specialty isn't patient care or taking care of individual people. |
我的专长 不是照顾病患,或照顾个体。 |
| My specialty is looking at populations and health systems, what happens when diseases move on the large level. |
我的专长 是研究总体人口、卫生系统, 并研究当疾病大规模传播时 会发生什么。 |
|
physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
|
| If we're ranking sources of global health expertise on a scale of one to 10, one is some random person ranting on Facebook and 10 is the World Health Organization , |
如果我们把 关于全球卫生的知识来源 用 1 到 10 来形容其专业度, 1 是随意一个 在 Facebook 上肆意怒吼的人, 10 是世界卫生组织（WHO）, |
| I'd say you can probably put me at like a seven or an eight. |
我会说你大概 能把我放在 7 或 8 的位置上。 |
| So keep that in mind as I talk to you. |
接下来我进行演讲的时候, 请你记住这一点。 |
| I'll start with the basics here, because I think that's gotten lost in some of the media noise around COVID-19. |
我先从最基础的开始, 因为我觉得这在许多嘈杂的 关于 COVID-19 的媒体报道中被遗漏了。 |
|
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; random:adj.[数]随机的;任意的;胡乱的;n.随意;adv.胡乱地; ranting:n.吼闹;v.咆哮;激昂地说(rant的ing形式); Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
|
| So, COVID-19 is a coronavirus . |
所以,COVID-19 是一种冠状病毒（Coronavirus）。 |
| Coronaviruses are a specific subset of virus, and they have some unique characteristics as viruses. |
冠状病毒 是病毒的一个特定子集, 它们具有某些特定的病毒特征—— |
| They use RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material, and they're covered in spikes on the surface of the virus. |
它们使用 RNA 而非 DNA 作为它们的遗传物质, 它们的外表面被棘突包围, |
|
coronavirus:n.冠状病毒;日冕形病毒; Coronaviruses:n.冠形病毒;禽传染性支气管炎病毒;(Coronavirus的复数) subset:n.[数]子集;子设备;小团体; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; spikes:n.钉鞋(spike的复数);v.把…钉牢(spike的第三人称单数);
|
| They use those spikes to invade cells. |
并以此来入侵细胞。 |
| Those spikes are the corona in coronavirus. |
这些棘突使得冠状病毒 看起来像皇冠。 |
| COVID-19 is known as a novel coronavirus because, until December, we'd only heard of six coronaviruses. |
COVID-19 被认为是一种 新型冠状病毒, 因为在 12 月之前, 我们只知道 6 种冠状病毒。 |
|
invade:v.侵犯;侵略;侵袭;干扰; novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说;
|
| COVID-19 is the seventh. |
COVID-19 是第 7 种。 |
| It's new to us. |
对我们来说是新的。 |
| It just had its gene sequencing , it just got its name. |
它们刚经历了基因测序, 才有了自己的名字。 |
| That's why it's novel. |
这也就是为何它们是“新型的”。 |
| If you remember SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , or MERS, |
如果你记得非典, 重症急性呼吸综合征（SARS）, 或是 MERS 病毒, |
| Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, those were coronaviruses. |
中东呼吸综合征（MERS）, 这些都是由冠状病毒引发的。 |
|
sequencing:n.[计]排序; v.[计]定序(sequence的ing形式); Acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的; Respiratory:adj.呼吸的; Syndrome:n.[临床]综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
|
| And they're both called respiratory syndromes , because that's what coronaviruses do -- they go for your lungs. |
而且它们都被称作为 呼吸综合征, 是因为这是冠状病毒的特长—— 它们专攻肺部。 |
| They don't make you puke , they don't make you bleed from the eyeballs , they don't make you hemorrhage . |
它们不会让你呕吐 或是让你从眼睛里流血, 它们也不会让你大出血。 |
| They head for your lungs. |
而是直奔你的肺部。 |
| COVID-19 is no different. |
COVID-19 也一样。 |
| It causes a range of respiratory symptoms that go from stuff like a dry cough and a fever all the way out to fatal viral pneumonia . |
它能引发一系列呼吸道症状, 从干咳、发烧等一系列症状, 到致命的病毒性肺炎。[03:07] |
|
syndromes:n.综合症(syndrome的复数); puke:v.吐;呕吐;n.呕吐;呕吐物; bleed:v.流血;失血;放掉;散开;n.[印]出血版 eyeballs:n.[解剖]眼球(eyeball的复数); v.注视; hemorrhage:n.[病理]出血(等于haemorrhage);番茄汁;vt.[病理]出血;vi.[病理]出血; symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: fatal:adj.致命的;灾难性的;毁灭性的;导致失败的; viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的; pneumonia:n.肺炎;
|
| And that range of symptoms is one of the reasons it's actually been so hard to track this outbreak . |
如此广泛的症状 也就是为何如此难以追踪 疾病爆发的原因之一。 |
| Plenty of people get COVID-19 but so gently , their symptoms are so mild , they don't even go to a health care provider . |
不少人感染了 COVID-19 , 但是非常轻度的感染。 他们的症状如此轻微, 甚至不用去医疗机构, |
| They don't register in the system. |
也不用将自己上报到系统中。 |
|
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; outbreak:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; gently:adv.轻轻地;温柔地;温和地; mild:adj.温和的; n.(英国的一种)淡味麦芽啤酒; health care:n.卫生保健; provider:n.供应者;养家者; register:v.登记;注册;记录;n.登记簿;登记表;注册簿;
|
| Children, in particular , have it very easy with COVID-19, which is something we should all be grateful for. |
尤其是孩子, 能够非常轻易地抵抗 COVID-19。 这是我们所有人 都应该感到庆幸的一个事实。 |
| Coronaviruses are zoonotic , which means that they transmit from animals to people. |
冠状病毒是动物源性病毒, 这意味着 它们能从动物传播至人类。 |
| Some coronaviruses, like COVID-19, also transmit person to person. |
有些冠状病毒,例如 COVID-19 也能通过人与人传播。 |
|
in particular:尤其,特别; zoonotic:adj.动物传染病的; transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染;
|
| The person-to-person ones travel faster and travel farther, just like COVID-19. |
人人传播的方式 感染得更快且范围更广, 就像 COVID-19 。 |
| Zoonotic illnesses are really hard to get rid of, because they have an animal reservoir . |
动物源性疾病真的很难摆脱, 因为它们有着 一个很大的动物储备。 |
| One example is avian influenza, where we can abolish it in farmed animals, in turkeys, in ducks, but it keeps coming back every year because it's brought to us by wild birds. |
一个例子就是禽流感, 我们可以在农场动物 比如火鸡和鸭子中消灭它, 但它依旧每年都会发生, 因为禽流感能通过野鸟传播到人。 |
|
person-to-person:adj.私人间的; v.面对面地; reservoir:n.水库;蓄水池; abolish:vt.废除,废止;取消,革除;
|
| You don't hear a lot about it because avian influenza doesn't transmit person-to-person, but we have outbreaks in poultry farms every year all over the world. |
你不常听到人们谈及它, 因为禽流感不会人人传播, 但其实世界范围的家禽农场 每年都会出现禽流感的大爆发。 |
| COVID-19 most likely skipped from animals into people at a wild animal market in Wuhan, China. |
COVID-19 很可能就是 在中国武汉的野生动物市场中 从动物身上转移到了人。 |
| Now for the less basic parts. |
现在说点不是那么基础的东西。 |
| This is not the last major outbreak we're ever going to see. |
这不是我们人类历史上能看到的 最后一场重大疾病爆发。 |
|
outbreaks:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; poultry:n.家禽;家禽肉;
|
| There's going to be more outbreaks, and there's going to be more epidemics . |
往后将会有更多的爆发, 更多的流行病。 |
| That's not a maybe. That's a given. |
这不是概率事件,而是既定事实。 |
| And it's a result of the way that we, as human beings, are interacting with our planet. |
这是我们作为人类, 与地球互动方式的结果。 |
| Human choices are driving us into a position where we're going to see more outbreaks. |
人类的选择把我们推入一个 未来会看到更多流行病爆发的境地。 |
|
epidemics:n.流行病;蔓延(epidemic的复数);时疫; interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
|
| Part of that is about climate change and the way a warming climate makes the world more hospitable to viruses and bacteria . |
其中一部分,是气候变化, 变暖的气候让世界对病毒和细菌 变得更加生存环境友好。 |
| But it's also about the way we're pushing into the last wild spaces on our planet. |
但这也与我们逼近地球上 最后的野外空间的方式有关。 |
| When we burn and plow the Amazon rain forest so that we can have cheap land for ranching , when the last of the African bush gets converted to farms, when wild animals in China are hunted to extinction , |
当我们在亚马逊雨林的土地上 焚烧并耕种, 我们以此希望 低成本经营牧场, 当最后一片非洲丛林 被转化为农场, 当中国的野生动物被猎杀到几近灭绝, |
|
hospitable:adj.热情友好的;(环境)舒适的; bacteria:n.[微]细菌; plow:vi.[农机]犁; vt.[农机]犁; n.[农机]犁; Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; ranching:n.经营大牧场;v.经营牧场(ranch的ing形式); bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式); extinction:n.绝种;
|
| human beings come into contact with wildlife populations that they've never come into contact with before, and those populations have new kinds of diseases: bacteria, viruses, stuff we're not ready for. |
人们与不同野生动物种群 开始了前所未有的联系, 之后那些野生动物种群 可携带各种新的疾病: 细菌、病毒, 我们毫无准备的东西。 |
| Bats, in particular, have a knack for hosting illnesses that can infect people, but they're not the only animals that do it. |
尤其是蝙蝠,有一种本事: 它们能作为 可以传染给人的疾病的宿主, 不过不仅蝙蝠有这种能力。 |
| So as long as we keep making our remote places less remote, the outbreaks are going to keep coming. |
所以只要我们继续逼近 偏远的地方, 流行病的爆发将会一直持续。 |
|
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; knack:n.诀窍;本领;熟练技术;巧妙手法; hosting:v.主办,主持;主持;做东;(host的现在分词) infect:v.传染;使携带病菌;使感染(计算机病毒); as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的;
|
| We can't stop the outbreaks with quarantine or travel restrictions . |
我们无法用隔离或旅行限制 来停止疾病大爆发。 |
| That's everybody's first impulse : "Let's stop the people from moving. Let's stop this outbreak from happening." |
这是每个人的第一反应: “我们要禁止人口流动, 我们要阻止这场疫情的发生。” |
| But the fact is, it's really hard to get a good quarantine in place. |
但实际上, 真的很难做到有效适当的隔离, |
|
quarantine:vt.检疫;隔离;使隔离;n.检疫;隔离;检疫期;封锁;vi.实行隔离; restrictions:n.限制规定;限制;约束;制约因素;(restriction的复数) impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动;
|
| It's really hard to set up travel restrictions. |
也真的很难做到设置旅行限制。 |
| Even the countries that have made serious investments in public health, like the US and South Korea, can't get that kind of restriction in place fast enough to actually stop an outbreak instantly. |
即使是在公共卫生领域 投入足够预算的国家, 像是美国和韩国, 都无法快速做到 那样有效的限制隔离 以即刻阻止这场疫情的爆发。 |
| There's logistical reasons for that, and there's medical reasons. |
这其中有物流原因, 也有医学原因。 |
| If you look at COVID-19 right now, it seems like it could have a period where you're infected and show no symptoms that's as long as 24 days. |
如果你现在看看 COVID-19, 看起来会有一段时间—— 你已经被感染但没有任何症状—— 能长达 24 天。 |
|
investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数) logistical:adj.后勤方面的;运筹的,逻辑的; infected:adj.带菌的; v.传染; (infect的过去分词和过去式)
|
| So people are walking around with this virus showing no signs. |
所以人们携带着这个病毒 走来走去,没有任何征兆。 |
| They're not going to get quarantined . Nobody knows they need quarantining . |
他们不会被隔离, 也没人知道他们自己需要被隔离。 |
| There's also some real costs to quarantine and to travel restrictions. |
隔离和旅行限制也有 一些真实代价。 |
| Humans are social animals, and they resist when you try to hold them into place and when you try to separate them. |
人类是一种社交动物, 当你尝试把他们限定在一个地方, 尝试把他们分隔开来, 他们会反抗。 |
|
quarantined:检疫;隔离; quarantining:v.对…进行隔离(quarantine的ing形式); resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂;
|
| We saw in the Ebola outbreak that as soon as you put a quarantine in place, people start trying to evade it. |
在埃博拉的时候,我们看到 只要你开始实行隔离, 人们就会开始尝试逃离。 |
| Individual patients , if they know there's a strict quarantine protocol , may not go for health care, because they're afraid of the medical system or they can't afford care and they don't want to be separated from their family and friends. |
个别病人,如果知道有一个 严格的隔离处理流程的存在, 可能就不会选择去看病, 因为他们害怕这样的医疗流程, 或他们担心自己经济上无法承担, 而且,他们不想要 与自己的家人和朋友分开。 |
|
as soon as:一…就; evade:vt.逃避;躲避;逃脱;回避;想不出 patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
|
| Politicians , government officials, when they know that they're going to get quarantined if they talk about outbreaks and cases, may conceal real information for fear of triggering a quarantine protocol. |
政客和政府官员, 当他们知道自己将会被隔离, 如果他们谈及疫情和病例, 可能会隐藏真实信息, 从而避免触发隔离处理流程。 |
| And, of course, these kinds of evasions and dishonesty are exactly what makes it so difficult to track a disease outbreak. |
当然,正是这些回避的态度 与不诚实的手段 让疫情控制变得如此困难。 |
| We can get better at quarantines and travel restrictions, and we should, but they're not our only option , and they're not our best option for dealing with these situations. |
通过隔离和旅行限制, 我们能好得更快,我们也应该这么做, 但是这不是唯二的方法, 也不是我们应对这些疾病爆发的 最佳选择。 |
|
Politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) conceal:vt.隐藏;隐瞒; triggering:n.[电子]触发;起动;v.引起(trigger的ing形式);扣…的扳机; evasions:n.逃避;回避;借口; dishonesty:n.不诚实;欺诈;不正直; quarantines:vt.检疫;隔离;使隔离;n.检疫;隔离;检疫期;封锁;vi.实行隔离; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
|
| The real way for the long haul to make outbreaks less serious is to build the global health system to support core health care functions in every country in the world so that all countries, even poor ones, are able to rapidly identify and treat new infectious diseases as they emerge . |
能够长期预防流行病爆发的 真正方法 是建立一个全球卫生系统 以支持世界上每个国家 核心医疗保健的职能运作, 以让所有的国家, 乃至于贫穷国家, 在新的传染病萌发之时 都能够快速识别并治疗它。 |
| China's taken a lot of criticism for its response to COVID-19. |
中国应对 COVID-19 的措施 受到了很多批判。 |
| But the fact is, what if COVID-19 had emerged in Chad, which has three and a half doctors for every hundred thousand people? |
但实际,倘若 COVID-19 出现在 在每 10 万人口 只有 3.5 名医生的乍得？ |
|
long haul:adj.长途的;长运距的;长时间的; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: infectious:adj.传染的;传染性的;易传染的; emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相; criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责; what if:如果…怎么办? emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式)
|
| What if it had emerged in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which just released its last Ebola patient from treatment? |
要是 COVID-19 出现在 最后一名埃博拉病人刚出院的 刚果民主共和国 ？ |
| The truth is, countries like this don't have the resources to respond to an infectious disease -- not to treat people and not to report on it fast enough to help the rest of the world. |
真相是,这些国家没有资源 来应对这样的一种传染病。 它们无法治疗病患 且无法快速上报该疾病的爆发 来帮助世界上其它国家 共同应对这场危机。 |
|
Democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
|
| I led an evaluation of Ebola treatment centers in Sierra Leone , and the fact is that local doctors in Sierra Leone identified the Ebola crisis very quickly, first as a dangerous, contagious hemorrhagic virus and then as Ebola itself. |
我曾领导了一场在塞拉利昂 埃博拉治疗中心的评估工作, 事实是塞拉利昂当地的医生 很快就识别到了埃博拉危机, 首先,是危险的, 具有传染性的出血性病毒, 之后再是埃博拉病毒本身。 |
| But, having identified it, they didn't have the resources to respond. |
但是,尽管识别到了病毒, 他们没有资源去应对。 |
| They didn't have enough doctors, they didn't have enough hospital beds and they didn't have enough information about how to treat Ebola or how to implement infection control. |
他们没有足够的医生, 没有充足的床位, 而且他们没有足够的信息去 了解如何治疗埃博拉, 或是如何实施感染控制。 |
|
evaluation:n.评价;[审计]评估;估价;求值; Sierra:n.(尤指西班牙和美洲的)锯齿状山脉; Leone:n.利昂(塞拉利昂货币单位); identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词) crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; contagious:adj.感染性的;会蔓延的; hemorrhagic:adj.出血的; implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; infection:n.感染;传染;(身体某部位的)感染;传染病;
|
| Eleven doctors died in Sierra Leone of Ebola. |
在塞拉利昂有 11 名医生 死于埃博拉。 |
| The country only had 120 when the crisis started. |
在这场危机开始之前, 这个国家只有 120 名医生。 |
| By way of contrast , |
相比之下, |
| Dallas Baylor Medical Center has more than a thousand physicians on staff. |
仅是达拉斯贝勒大学医学中心 就拥有超过 1 千名医生的团队。 |
| These are the kinds of inequities that kill people. |
诸如此类的不平等会 导致人们的死亡。 |
| First, they kill the poor people when the outbreaks start, and then they kill people all over the world when the outbreaks spread. |
首先,在疫情萌芽时, 最先受到死亡威胁的是穷人, 其后,当疫情爆发, 再是全世界的人。 |
|
By way of:经由;当作; contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; Dallas:n.达拉斯(美国城市); Baylor:n.贝勒(姓); physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数); inequities:n.不公平待遇(inequity的复数形式);
|
| If we really want to slow down these outbreaks and minimize their impact , we need to make sure that every country in the world has the capacity to identify new diseases, treat them and report about them so they can share information. |
如果我们真的想要 减少这些流行病的爆发 并且最小化它们的影响, 我们需要确保世界上每个国家 都有能力识别新的疾病、 治疗它们, 并且及时上报以共享信息。 |
| COVID-19 is going to be a huge burden on health systems. |
COVID-19 将会成为 卫生体系的一个重大负担。 |
| COVID-19 has also revealed some real weaknesses in our global health supply chains. |
COVID-19 已经揭示了 我们全球卫生供应链中 一些真实存在的弱点。 |
| Just-in-time-ordering, lean systems are great when things are going well, but in a time of crisis, what it means is we don't have any reserves . |
实施准时下单和精益生产系统 在正常情况下很管用, 但是在危机时刻,这意味着 我们没有足够的物资储备。 |
|
minimize:v.使减少到最低限度;降低;贬低;使显得不重要; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式) lean:v.前俯(或后仰):倾斜:adj.肉少的:难以赚钱的:贫乏的:n.瘦肉: reserves:n.[油气]储量; v.储备;
|
| If a hospital -- or a country -- runs out of face masks or personal protective equipment, there's no big warehouse full of boxes that we can go to to get more. |
如果一家医院,或一个国家, 耗空了口罩或个人防护用品, 又没有一个大满仓的物资储备 供我们继续使用, |
| You have to order more from the supplier, you have to wait for them to produce it and you have to wait for them to ship it, generally from China. |
你就不得不从供应商那里买更多, 之后你得等供应商生产, 你还得等他们发货送货, 一般都是从中国发货。 |
| That's a time lag at a time when it's most important to move quickly. |
在非常需要快速行动的时候, 这是一个时间滞后。 |
|
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; protective:adj.防护的;关切保护的;保护贸易的; warehouse:n.仓库,货栈;货仓; generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; time lag:n.时差;时间延迟;时间差;
|
| If we'd been perfectly prepared for COVID-19, |
如果我们早前已经为 COVID-19 做好了充分的准备, |
| China would have identified the outbreak faster. |
中国就能更快地识别疫情。 |
| They would have been ready to provide care to infected people without having to build new buildings. |
他们就不用临时建造新楼 为感染者提供医疗照顾。 |
| They would have shared honest information with citizens so that we didn't see these crazy rumors spreading on social media in China. |
他们也就能如实地 和群众分享信息, 这样在中国的社交媒体上 谣言不会如我们所见般四散。 |
| And they would have shared information with global health authorities so that they could start reporting to national health systems and getting ready for when the virus spread. |
而且他们 也能和全球卫生机构分享信息, 这样他们就能开始 向国家卫生系统上报 并为病毒的传播做足准备。 |
|
rumors:n.谣传,流言(rumor的复数);v.谣传(rumor的第三人称单数); authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数)
|
| National health systems would then have been able to stockpile the protective equipment they needed and train health care providers on treatment and infection control. |
国家卫生系统接到上报后也能 大量储备他们所需数量 的防护用品 以及针对治疗和感染控制, 为医疗机构进行培训。 |
| We'd have science-based protocols for what to do when things happen, like cruise ships have infected patients. |
我们也就会有基于科学的处理流程, 告诉我们事情发生的时候该怎么处理, 例如有被感染患者搭乘的邮轮。 |
| And we'd have real information going out to people everywhere, so we wouldn't see embarrassing , shameful incidents of xenophobia , like Asian-looking people getting attacked on the street in Philadelphia . |
如果我们能为各地所有人 放出真实准确的信息, 我们也不会看到那么多 令人难堪且羞耻的仇外事件的发生, 例如具有亚洲长相的人 在费城街头被攻击。 |
|
stockpile:n.库存;积蓄;vt.贮存;储蓄;vi.积累;储备物资; providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数) protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书; cruise:v.巡航;乘船游览;慢速行驶,巡行;猎艳;n.航行;乘船游览; embarrassing:adj.令人尴尬的; v.使尴尬; (embarrass的现在分词) shameful:adj.可耻的;不体面的;不道德的;猥亵的; xenophobia:n.仇外;对外国人的畏惧和憎恨; Philadelphia:n.费城(美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市);
|
| But even with all of that in place, we would still have outbreaks. |
但即使,我们能把 所有的这些都做到位, 流行病的爆发依旧会发生。 |
| The choices we're making about how we occupy this planet make that inevitable . |
我们对如何霸占这个星球的选择 使之变成了一个无法逃避的现实。 |
| As far as we have an expert consensus on COVID-19, it's this: here in the US, and globally, it's going to get worse before it gets better. |
目前而言,专家们 针对 COVID-19 的一个共识是: 在美国,和全世界, 情况在变好之前,会先变得更糟。 |
| We're seeing cases of human transmission that aren't from returning travel, that are just happening in the community , and we're seeing people infected with COVID-19 when we don't even know where the infection came from. |
我们看到很多人传人的病例, 这并非由旅行归来引发, 而是正在社区中传播, 我们甚至 在感染源未知的情况下, 不断看到人们被 COVID-19 感染。 |
|
occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; As far as:至于…; consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
|
| Those are signs of an outbreak that's getting worse, not an outbreak that's under control. |
这些都是疫情加剧的迹象, 而非受到控制。 |
| It's depressing , but it's not surprising. |
这很令人沮丧,但并不令人意外。 |
| Global health experts, when they talk about the scenario of new viruses, this is one of the scenarios that they look at. |
全球卫生专家, 当他们讨论新病毒的情景时, 这是他们所关心的一种情景。 |
| We all hoped we'd get off easy, but when experts talk about viral planning, this is the kind of situation and the way they expect the virus to move. |
我们都希望此次疫情能很快过去, 但当专家们谈论病毒规划时, 他们预判病毒会以这种情景 和这种方式继续传播。 |
|
depressing:adj.令人抑郁的; v.使沮丧; (depress的现在分词) scenarios:n.情节;脚本;情景介绍(scenario的复数);
|
| I want to close here with some personal advice. |
我想要以一些个人建议收尾。 |
| Wash your hands. |
洗手。 |
| Wash your hands a lot. |
勤洗手。 |
| I know you already wash your hands a lot because you're not disgusting , but wash your hands even more. |
我知道你经常洗手, 因为你是爱干净的, 但是请洗手洗得更勤快一些。 |
| Set up cues and routines in your life to get you to wash your hands. |
在你日常生活中,设置一些 能让你洗手的小提示和常规。 |
| Wash your hands every time you enter and leave a building. |
每次进出大楼,洗手。 |
| Wash your hands when you go into a meeting and when you come out of a meeting. |
每次开始和结束会议,洗手。 |
|
disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词) cues:n.开端,线索;提示,关键;球杆;诱因(cue的复数形式);
|
| Get rituals that are based around handwashing . |
养成洗手相关的习惯。 |
| Sanitize your phone. |
清洁你的手机。 |
| You touch that phone with your dirty, unwashed hands all the time. |
你总是用脏手碰你的手机。 |
| I know you take it into the bathroom with you. |
我知道你会带着手机进洗手间。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声）[13:24] |
|
handwashing:洗手(handwash的现在分词); Sanitize:vt.使…无害;给…消毒;对…采取卫生措施; unwashed:adj.未洗的,不清洁的;平民百姓的;下层人民的;
|
| So sanitize your phone and consider not using it as often in public. |
所以清洁你的手机, 尽量不要在公共场合过度使用。 |
| Maybe TikTok and Instagram can be home things only. |
抖音和 Instagram 在家看看 可能就够了。 |
| Don't touch your face. |
不要摸脸。 |
| Don't rub your eyes. |
不要揉眼睛。 |
| Don't bite your fingernails . |
不要咬手指甲。 |
| Don't wipe your nose on the back of your hand. |
不要用手背擦鼻子。[13:41] |
|
Instagram:照片分享(一款运行在iPhone平台上的应用程序); rub:n.擦;抹;搓;揉;v.擦;磨;搓;(使)相互磨擦; fingernails:n.手指甲;(fingernail的复数) wipe:v.擦;抹;拭;消除;n.擦;拭;揩;(湿)抹布;
|
| I mean, don't do that anyway because, gross . |
不管怎样别那么做, 因为有点恶心。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Don't wear a face mask. |
不要戴口罩。 |
| Face masks are for sick people and health care providers. |
口罩是生病的人 和医务人员使用的。 |
| If you're sick, your face mask holds in all your coughing and sneezing and protects the people around you. |
如果你生病了,你的口罩可以兜住 所有咳嗽和打喷嚏的飞沫 并且保护你周围的人。[13:53] |
|
gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数; sneezing:n.打喷嚏;v.打喷嚏(sneeze的ing形式);
|
| And if you're a health care provider, your face mask is one tool in a set of tools called personal protective equipment that you're trained to use so that you can give patient care and not get sick yourself. |
如果你是一名医务人员, 你的口罩 是众多个人防护用品中的 一个工具, 你也被训练说: 戴上口罩再治疗病患, 并且保证自己不生病。 |
| If you're a regular healthy person wearing a face mask, it's just making your face sweaty . |
如果你是一个正常的健康的人, |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Leave the face masks in stores for the doctors and the nurses and the sick people. |
把商店里的口罩 留给医生、护士和病人。 |
| If you think you have symptoms of COVID-19, stay home, call your doctor for advice. |
如果你认为 你有 COVID-19 的症状, 呆在家, 打电话给你的医生以寻求建议。 |
|
sweaty:adj.出汗的;吃力的;使人出汗的;
|
| If you're diagnosed with COVID-19, remember it's generally very mild. |
如果你被检测为 COVID-19 阳性, 记住普遍上说它是很轻度的。 |
| And if you're a smoker, right now is the best possible time to quit smoking. |
之后如果你是烟民, 现在可能是你的最佳戒烟时机。 |
| I mean, if you're a smoker, right now is always the best possible time to quit smoking, but if you're a smoker and you're worried about COVID-19, |
我是说,如果你是烟民, 任何时刻都可能 是你最佳戒烟时机, 但如果你是烟民 并且担心 COVID-19 找上门, |
|
diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式)
|
| I guarantee that quitting is absolutely the best thing you can do to protect yourself from the worst impacts of COVID-19. |
我保证戒烟绝对是你能做出的 保护自己免受病毒入侵最糟影响的 |
| COVID-19 is scary stuff, at a time when pretty much all of our news feels like scary stuff. |
COVID-19 是一个恐怖的东西, 这段时间几乎每一条新闻 看起来都很恐怖。 |
| And there's a lot of bad but appealing options for dealing with it: panic , xenophobia, agoraphobia , authoritarianism , oversimplified lies that make us think that hate and fury and loneliness are the solution to outbreaks. |
之后也有很多不好却吸引人的方式 来应对这件事: 恐慌、仇外、广场恐惧、权威主义, 以及过度简化的谎言 使我们认为 厌恶、愤怒和孤独 是疫情的解决方案。 |
|
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保; quitting:v.离开;离任;离校;停止;戒掉;(quit的现在分词) absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用; appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词) options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措; agoraphobia:n.旷野恐怖;[心理]广场恐怖症;陌生环境恐怖症; authoritarianism:n.独裁主义;权力主义; oversimplified:adj.过于简单化的;v.过于简单化(oversimplify的过去分词形式); fury:n.狂怒;暴怒;激怒者; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
|
| But they're not. |
但它们不是。 |
| They just make us less prepared. |
它们只会让我们变得更脆弱。 |
| There's also a boring but useful set of options that we can use in response to outbreaks, things like improving health care here and everywhere; investing in health infrastructure and disease surveillance so that we know when the new diseases come; building health systems all over the world; |
我们也可以使用一些 无聊但有用的方式 来应对流行病的爆发。 比如改善全球每个地方的医疗保健; 投资于卫生基础设施和疾病监测 这样我们能知道新疾病的到来; 建立全球卫生体系; |
| looking at strengthening our supply chains so they're ready for emergencies; and better education, so we're capable of talking about disease outbreaks and the mathematics of risk without just blind panic. |
致力于加强我们的供应链 以让它们能准备好应对突发情况; 还有更好的教育, 以让我们能 在不建立盲目恐慌的前提下, 正常地谈论 疾病的爆发和风险的数学可能。 |
|
boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词) in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; surveillance:n.监督;监视; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; mathematics:n.数学;数学运算;
|
| We need to be guided by equity here, because in this situation, like so many, equity is actually in our own self-interest . |
在这种情况下, 我们需要以公平为指导, 因为很多时候,在危机下, 公平实际上是我们的自身利益。 |
| So thank you so much for listening to me today, and can I be the first one to tell you: wash your hands when you leave the theater. |
非常感谢今天在座的聆听, 而且我能成为第一个人, 告诉你: 当你离开剧场的时候 请认真洗手。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
|
equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值; self-interest:n.私利;利己主义;
|