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AlaaMurabit_2015W-_关于女性，伊斯兰教到底是怎样说的_
So on my way here, the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation during my flight. 在我来的路上, 在飞机上我和旁边的乘客有一段很有意思的对话。
passenger:n.旅客;乘客;白吃饭的人;闲散人员;
He told me, "It seems like the United States has run out of jobs, because they're just making some up: cat psychologist , dog whisperer , tornado chaser ." 他跟我说:“看来,美国的工作岗位都已经满了, 因为现在的职位都是编出来的嘛: 猫心理学家,狗语者,风暴追逐者。”
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) run out of:用完; psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; whisperer:n.窃窃私语的人;拨弄是非的人;告密者; tornado:n.[气象]龙卷风;旋风;暴风;大雷雨; chaser:n.驱逐舰;猎人;饮烈酒后喝的饮料;[机]螺纹梳刀;
A couple of seconds later, he asked me, "So what do you do?" 过了几秒钟,他问我: “你又是做什么的？”
And I was like, "Peacebuilder?" 我回答说,“和平建设者？”
(Laughter) （笑声）
Every day, I work to amplify the voices of women and to highlight their experiences and their participation in peace processes and conflict resolution , and because of my work, 我每天都在努力让更多的人听到女性的声音, 强调她们经历和参与 推动和平、化解冲突的事迹。 也正是因为我的工作,
amplify:vt.放大,扩大;增强;详述;vi.详述; highlight:vt.突出;强调;使显著;加亮;n.最精彩的部分;最重要的事情;加亮区; participation:n.参与;分享;参股; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议;
I recognize that the only way to ensure the full participation of women globally is by reclaiming religion. 我意识到保障全球女性全面参与的唯一途径, 就是改造宗教的面目。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; reclaiming:v.取回;拿回;要求归还;开垦,利用;荒漠化;(reclaim的现在分词)
Now, this matter is vitally important to me. 如今,这件事对我至关重要。
vitally:adv.极其;紧要地;生死攸关地;
As a young Muslim woman, I am very proud of my faith . 作为一位年轻的穆斯林女性,我对自己的信仰非常自豪。
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
It gives me the strength and conviction to do my work every day. 它给予了我力量和信念,让我能每天努力工作。
conviction:n.判罪;定罪;坚定的看法(或信念);坚信;肯定;
It's the reason I can be here in front of you. 它也是我能来这里站在大家面前的原因。
But I can't overlook the damage that has been done in the name of religion, not just my own, but all of the world's major faiths. 但我无法忽视以宗教名义造成的破坏, 不仅仅是我信仰的宗教,全世界的主要宗教都是如此。
overlook:v.忽略;俯视;视而不见;眺望; in the name of:以…的名义;
The misrepresentation and misuse and manipulation of religious scripture has influenced our social and cultural norms , our laws, our daily lives, to a point where we sometimes don't recognize it. 对宗教经文的曲解、滥用和篡改, 已经影响到我们的社会和文化规范, 我们的法律和日常生活, 有时甚至是我们还没有意识到的地方。
misrepresentation:n.歪曲;误传; misuse:vt.滥用;误用;虐待;n.滥用;误用;虐待; manipulation:n.操作;管理措施;处理;操纵证券市场;变换; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; scripture:n.(大写)圣经;手稿;(大写)圣经的一句; influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式) cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
My parents moved from Libya , North Africa, to Canada in the early 1980s, and I am the middle child of 11 children. 我父母在20世纪80年代初从北非的利比亚移民到了加拿大, 我在11个小孩中排在中间。
Libya:n.埃及以西的北非地方古名;利比亚;
Yes, 11. 没错,11个。
But growing up, I saw my parents, both religiously devout and spiritual people, pray and praise God for their blessings , namely me of course, but among others. (Laughter) 但在成长过程中我看到我的父母 都是宗教上虔诚、心灵富有的人, 他们向真主祷告并赞美真主的恩赐, 当然就是我了,以及我的兄弟姐妹。（笑声）
religiously:adv.虔诚地,笃信地; devout:adj.虔诚的;衷心的; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; blessings:n.祝福(blessing复数); namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说;
They were kind and funny and patient , limitlessly patient , the kind of patience that having 11 kids forces you to have. 他们心地善良、风趣幽默又极富耐心, 无限的耐心,被11个孩子逼迫出来的耐心。
patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; limitlessly:无限制地; patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍;
And they were fair. 而且他们也很公正。
I was never subjected to religion through a cultural lens . 我从来没有被他们以加上文化眼光的宗教来对待。
lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影;
I was treated the same, the same was expected of me. 我受到平等对待, 也被要求平等待人。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
I was never taught that God judged differently based on gender . 我从来没有被教导说:真主因性别而区别待人。
gender:n.性别;
And my parents' understanding of God as a merciful and beneficial friend and provider shaped the way I looked at the world. 而我父母所理解的真主,是一位仁慈的益友和提供者, 正是这种观念塑造了我看待世界的方式。
merciful:adj.仁慈的;慈悲的;宽容的; beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的; provider:n.供应者;养家者;
Now, of course, my upbringing had additional benefits. 当然,我的成长经历也有额外的益处。
upbringing:n.教养;养育;抚育; additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101. (Laughter) 作为11个孩子中的一个就像是上外交基础课。（笑声）
Diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段;
To this day , I am asked where I went to school, like, "Did you go to Kennedy School of Government?" 到现在如果有人问我从哪里毕业的, 像是“你是肯尼迪政府学院毕业的吗？”
To this day:至今;
and I look at them and I'm like, "No, 我就会看看他们然后回答:“不是,
I went to the Murabit School of International Affairs." 我上的是穆拉比特国际关系学院。”
It's extremely exclusive . You would have to talk to my mom to get in. 绝对的私立学校,想入学必须先跟我妈谈谈。
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; exclusive:adj.独有的;排外的;专一的;n.独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者;
Lucky for you, she's here. 各位运气很好,她就在现场。
But being one of 11 children and having 10 siblings teaches you a lot about power structures and alliances . 但是作为11个小孩之一,拥有10个兄弟姐妹, 能教会你许多有关权力结构和联盟的事情。
siblings:n.兄;弟;姐;妹;(sibling的复数) structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); alliances:n.联盟,同盟;盟国(alliance的复数形式);联姻;
It teaches you focus; you have to talk fast or say less, because you will always get cut off. 它教你学会专注;你要说快一点或者少一点, 因为你总是会被打断。
It teaches you the importance of messaging. 它教会你信息沟通的重要性。
You have to ask questions in the right way to get the answers you know you want, and you have to say no in the right way to keep the peace. 你必须以正确的方式提出问题,才能得到想要的答案, 你还要以正确的方式拒绝,才能保持和平。
But the most important lesson I learned growing up was the importance of being at the table. 但是成长中我学到最重要的一课, 就是要在圆桌上占有一席之地。
When my mom's favorite lamp broke, I had to be there when she was trying to find out how and by who, because I had to defend myself, because if you're not, then the finger is pointed at you, and before you know it, you will be grounded. 当我妈妈最喜欢的台灯被打破时,她想查出是谁打破的、怎样发生的, 这时我就必须在场,因为我得为自己辩护, 因为如果谁不在,就会变成众矢之的, 然后在还没反应过来之前就被禁足了。
lamp:n.灯;台灯;(理疗用的)发热灯;
I am not speaking from experience, of course. 当然我不是在说我的亲身经历。
When I was 15 in 2005, I completed high school and I moved from Canada -- Saskatoon -- to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya, a very traditional city. 2005年我15岁的时候,刚刚从高中毕业, 我从加拿大的萨斯卡通, 来到了我父母在利比亚的故乡,扎维亚。 一个非常传统的城市。
Saskatoon:n.七度科植物;唐棣属植物(等于Juneberry); traditional:传统的,惯例的,
Mind you, I had only ever been to Libya before on vacation, and as a seven-year-old girl, it was magic. 提醒大家,我以前只去过利比亚度假, 对于一个7岁的小女孩来说,当时就像梦幻一般。
It was ice cream and trips to the beach and really excited relatives . 有冰淇淋和沙滩旅行,还有非常兴奋的亲戚。
relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
Turns out it's not the same as a 15-year-old young lady. 可对于15岁的年轻女士来说就不是一回事了。
I very quickly became introduced to the cultural aspect of religion. 我很快就见识到了宗教在文化层面的影响。
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位;
The words " haram " -- meaning religiously prohibited -- and "aib" -- meaning culturally inappropriate -- were exchanged carelessly , as if they meant the same thing and had the same consequences . “haram”——表示宗教上禁止, 而“aib”——表示文化上不适当, 这两个词我常常无意中混用, 好像含义完全一致,带来的后果也完全相同。
haram:n.女眷;闺房; prohibited:v.禁止(prohibit的过去分词形式);adj.被禁止的; culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; inappropriate:adj.不适当的;不相称的; carelessly:adv.粗心地;不注意地;无忧无虑地; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
And I found myself in conversation after conversation with classmates and colleagues , professors, friends, even relatives, beginning to question my own role and my own aspirations . 然后我发现自己无数次, 在和同学、同事、教授、朋友,甚至是和亲戚的对话中, 开始质疑我自己的角色和志向。
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); aspirations:n.愿望;
And even with the foundation my parents had provided for me, 即使在我父母帮我打下的基础上,
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
I found myself questioning the role of women in my faith. 我发现我在质疑自己信仰中女性所扮演的角色。
So at the Murabit School of International Affairs, we go very heavy on the debate , and rule number one is do your research, so that's what I did, and it surprised me how easy it was to find women in my faith who were leaders, who were innovative , who were strong -- politically , economically , even militarily . 在穆拉比特国际关系学院里, 我们热衷于辩论, 第一条原则就是要做好调查, 结果我很惊讶,其实很容易 在我的信仰中找到曾是领导者的女性, 或是革新者、坚强的女性, 无论是在政治、经济,甚至是军事领域中。
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; politically:adv.政治上; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; militarily:adv.在军事上;从军事角度;以武力;以军事行动;
Khadija financed the Islamic movement in its infancy . 卡蒂嘉在伊斯兰运动刚刚起步的时候提供资金。
Islamic:adj.穆斯林的; infancy:n.初期;婴儿期;幼年;
We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her. 要是没有她我们就不会在这里。
So why weren't we learning about her? 那为什么我们不知道她的事迹？
Why weren't we learning about these women? 为什么我们不知道这些女性的事迹？
Why were women being relegated to positions which predated the teachings of our faith? 为什么女性的地位在我们的信仰教育中被忽略？
relegated:v.使贬职;使降级;降低…的地位;(relegate的过去分词和过去式) predated:vt.在日期上早于(先于); teachings:n.教导;教义;学说;(teaching的复数)
And why, if we are equal in the eyes of God, are we not equal in the eyes of men? 而且,如果我们在真主眼中是平等的, 为什么在男性的眼中却不是？
To me, it all came back to the lessons I had learned as a child. 对我而言,一切都回到了我小时候所学到的。
The decision maker, the person who gets to control the message, is sitting at the table, and unfortunately , in every single world faith, they are not women. 决策者,也就是控制信息的那个人, 就坐在圆桌前, 不幸的是,在每一种世界性宗教中, 这些人都不是女性。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
Religious institutions are dominated by men and driven by male leadership, and they create policies in their likeness , and until we can change the system entirely, then we can't realistically expect to have full economic and political participation of women. 宗教组织为男性所主宰, 由男性领导者推动, 他们以自己的形象制订政策。 所以在我们能够完全改变体制前, 我们都不能实际去指望女性全面参与经济与政治事务。
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) likeness:n.相似,相像;样子,肖像;照片,画像;相似物; realistically:adv.现实地;实际地;逼真地;
Our foundation is broken. 我们的基础是破碎的。
My mom actually says, you can't build a straight house on a crooked foundation. 我的妈妈说过:地基不平整,房子盖不正。
crooked:adj.扭曲的;弯曲的;不直的;v.(手指或手臂)弯曲;(crook的过去分词和过去式)
In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out, and my family was on the front lines. 2011年利比亚革命爆发,我们一家就在前线。
Libyan:adj.利比亚的;利比亚人的;n.利比亚人;古代利比亚语; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
And there's this amazing thing that happens in war, a cultural shift almost, very temporary . 在战争中出现了这样一件令人惊奇的事, 几乎是一场文化上的转变,非常短暂。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员;
And it was the first time that I felt it was not only acceptable for me to be involved , but it was encouraged. 这是我第一次感到,参与其中不仅是被允许的, 而且是被鼓励的。
acceptable:adj.认同的;可接受的;令人满意的; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
It was demanded. 甚至是被要求的。
Myself and other women had a seat at the table. 我自己和其他女性,在圆桌前也有了位置。
We weren't holding hands or a medium . 我们不是在那里手拉手或是作为中间人。
medium:n.(传播信息的)媒介;手段;工具;方法;adj.中等的;中号的;
We were part of decision making. 我们参与了决策。
We were information sharing. We were crucial . 我们也共享信息,我们至关重要。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
And I wanted and needed for that change to be permanent . 我想要而且需要那是永久的转变。
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
Turns out, that's not that easy. 结果却是,并非这么简单。
It only took a few weeks before the women that I had previously worked with were returning back to their previous roles, and most of them were driven by words of encouragement from religious and political leaders, most of whom cited religious scripture as their defense. 只过了几个星期,之前和我共事的女性 又回去做她们以前做的事情, 而且她们大多数人都是受到 宗教与政治领袖的鼓励, 这些领袖大多引用宗教经文来为自己做防御。
previously:adv.先前;以前; cited:v.提及(原因);举出(示例);列举;引用;传讯;(cite的过去分词和过去式)
It's how they gained popular support for their opinions. 他们也是用这种办法使自己的观点获得民众支持。
So initially , I focused on the economic and political empowerment of women. 所以开始的时候,我致力于赋予女性经济和政治上的权力。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; empowerment:n.许可,授权;
I thought that would lead to cultural and social change. 我以为这样会带来文化和社会上的转变。
It turns out, it does a little, but not a lot. 结果是有一点作用,但不多。
I decided to use their defense as my offense , and I began to cite and highlight Islamic scripture as well. 我决定用他们的防御工具,来作为我的进攻工具。 于是我也开始同样地引用并强调伊斯兰教经文。
offense:n.犯罪,过错;进攻;触怒;引起反感的事物;
In 2012 and 2013, my organization led the single largest and most widespread campaign in Libya. 在2012和2013年,我的组织在利比亚领导了最大、 范围最广泛的运动。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的;
We entered homes and schools and universities, even mosques . 我们走进家庭,大小学校,甚至清真寺,
mosques:n.清真寺(mosque的复数形式);
We spoke to 50,000 people directly , and hundreds of thousands more through billboards and television commercials , radio commercials and posters. 我们直接同5万人对话, 还通过大型看板和电视广告, 以及广播与海报来接触更多人。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; billboards:n.(大幅)广告牌;v.宣传;(billboard的第三人称单数和复数) commercials:n.商业广告;宣传;商业股票;(commercial的复数)
And you're probably wondering how a women's rights organization was able to do this in communities which had previously opposed our sheer existence. 你可能会想,一个女权组织是怎样 在以前光是对我们的存在就很反感的社区进行活动的。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) sheer:adj.纯; v.十足地; n.透明薄纱; v.[航海](使)偏航; (使)转向;
I used scripture. 我用经文。
I used verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet , 我引用了古兰经里的诗句和先知的语录,
verses:诗; Quran:n.(伊斯兰教)可兰经; Prophet:n.先知;预言者;提倡者;
Hadiths, his sayings which are, for example, "The best of you is the best to their family." 圣训里的话语,比如说, “你们中最好的人是最善待家人的人。”
'"Do not let your brother oppress another." “不要让你的兄弟压迫他人。”
oppress:vt.压迫,压抑;使…烦恼;使…感到沉重;
For the first time, Friday sermons led by local community imams promoted the rights of women. 第一次,由当地社区伊玛目主持的周五布道, 提倡了女性的人权。
sermons:n.布道;讲道;冗长的说教;(sermon的复数) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; imams:n.伊玛目(清真寺内率领穆斯林做礼拜的人,imam的复数); promoted:v.促进:促销:提升:(promote的过去分词和过去式)
They discussed taboo issues , like domestic violence . 他们讨论了像是家庭暴力这一类的禁忌话题。
taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
Policies were changed. 政策改变了。
In certain communities, we actually had to go as far as saying the International Human Rights Declaration , which you opposed because it wasn't written by religious scholars , well, those same principles are in our book. 在某些社区里,我们甚至必须提到 比如说国际人权宣言, 你们反对它是因为它不是宗教学者写的, 其实,我们的经书里有同样的基本准则。
as far as:至于…; Declaration:n.宣言;宣告;宣布;公告; scholars:n.学者们(scholar的复数); principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
So really, the United Nations just copied us. 所以实际上,联合国是抄袭我们的。
United Nations:n.联合国;
By changing the message, we were able to provide an alternative narrative which promoted the rights of women in Libya. 通过信息的转变, 我们得以提供另一种叙事角度,来提倡利比亚的女权。
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的;
It's something that has now been replicated internationally , and while I am not saying it's easy -- believe me, it's not. 这样的方式现在开始在国际上被复制。 我并没有说这很容易——相信我,这并不容易。
replicated:重复的; internationally:adv.国际性地;在国际间;
Liberals will say you're using religion and call you a bad conservative . 自由派会说你是在利用宗教,然后说你是糟糕的保守派。
Liberals:n.自由主义者(liberal的复数); conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者;
Conservatives will call you a lot of colorful things. 保守派会用一大堆难听话来骂你。
Conservatives:n.保守党,保守派;
I've heard everything from, "Your parents must be extremely ashamed of you" -- false; they're my biggest fans -- to "You will not make it to your next birthday" -- again wrong, because I did. 我听过各种各样的,从“你父母一定极度以你为耻”—— 错,他们是我最大的支持者—— 到“你活不到下一个生日”—— 又错了,因为我已经活到了。
ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿;
And I remain a very strong believer that women's rights and religion are not mutually exclusive. 而且我仍然坚信, 女权和宗教并非不能相容。
believer:n.信徒;相信的人; mutually:adv.互相地;互助;
But we have to be at the table. 但我们必须在圆桌上拥有一席之地。
We have to stop giving up our position, because by remaining silent, we allow for the continued persecution and abuse of women worldwide . 我们必须停止放弃自己的地位,因为保持沉默, 我们就是容许全世界继续迫害和虐待女性。
persecution:n.迫害;烦扰; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
By saying that we're going to fight for women's rights and fight extremism with bombs and warfare , we completely cripple local societies which need to address these issues so that they're sustainable . 通过主张我们要为女权而战, 打击使用炸弹、发动战争的极端主义者, 我们就能完全瘫痪那些需要借由强调这类议题 才能持续发展下去的地方社群。
extremism:n.极端主义(尤指政治上的极右或极左);极端性;过激主义; warfare:n.战争;冲突; cripple:vt.削弱;使跛;使残废;n.跛子;残废;adj.跛的;残废的; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
It is not easy, challenging distorted religious messaging. 这并不容易,要挑战扭曲的宗教信息。
distorted:adj.歪曲的;受到曲解的;v.扭曲(distort的过去式和过去分词);
You will have your fair share of insults and ridicule and threats. 你将面对许多的侮辱、嘲笑和威胁。
insults:v.侮辱;辱骂(insult的第三人称单数);n.无礼;损害(insult的复数); ridicule:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄;愚弄;n.嘲笑;笑柄;愚弄;
But we have to do it. 但我们必须这么做。
We have no other option than to reclaim the message of human rights, the principles of our faith, not for us, not for the women in your families, not for the women in this room, not even for the women out there, but for societies that would be transformed with the participation of women. 我们别无选择,必须改造人权的信息沟通, 我们信仰的原则, 并非是为了我们,也不是为了你们家中的女性, 也不是为了这个房间里的女性, 甚至不是为了外面的女性, 而是为了一个由于女性的参与而转变的社会。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西; transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
And the only way we can do that, our only option, is to be, and remain, at the table. 我们能做到这一点的唯一途径, 我们唯一的选择, 就是在圆桌上,持续地拥有一席之地。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。（掌声）
(Applause)