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AditiGupta_2015X-_谈论生理期不再是禁忌_
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| Periods. |
例假 |
| Blood. |
出血 |
| Menstruation . |
月经 |
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Menstruation:n.[生理]月经;月经期间;有月经;
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| Gross . |
不雅 |
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Gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数;
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| Secret. |
秘密 |
| Hidden. |
遮掩 |
| Why? |
为什么会这样呢？ |
| A natural biological process that every girl and woman goes through every month for about half of her life. |
作为一种自然的生理规律 每个女孩和妇女在其一生中有一半的时间 每个月都会经历例假。 |
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biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
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| A phenomenon that is so significant that the survival and propagation of our species depends on it. |
这个现象如此重要 以至于全人类的生存和繁衍都要依赖于它。 |
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phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; propagation:n.传播;繁殖;增殖; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
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| Yet we consider it a taboo . |
然而我们却视它为禁忌。 |
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taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止;
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| We feel awkward and shameful talking about it. |
我们谈论它时感到尴尬和羞耻。 |
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awkward:adj.尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的; shameful:adj.可耻的;不体面的;不道德的;猥亵的;
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| When I got my first periods, |
我第一次来例假时, |
| I was told to keep it a secret from others -- even from my father and brother. |
别人告诉我不要将这件事告诉任何人 哪怕是爸爸和哥哥。 |
| Later when this chapter appeared in our textbooks, our biology teacher skipped the subject. |
后来在教科书上出现了有关例假的章节, 但是生物老师直接跳过了内容。 |
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biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| You know what I learned from it? |
你知道我学到了什么吗？ |
| I learned that it is really shameful to talk about it. |
我学到了谈论例假是非常羞耻的事。 |
| I learned to be ashamed of my body. |
我学到了为自己的身体感到羞耻 |
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ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿;
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| I learned to stay unaware of periods in order to stay decent . |
我学到了为了保持体面就得 假装不知道例假这件事。 |
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unaware:adj.不知道的,无意的;未察觉到的;adv.意外地;不知不觉地; decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的;
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| Research in various parts of India shows that three out of every 10 girls are not aware of menstruation at the time of their first periods. |
印度各地的调查显示 十分之三的女孩第一次来例假时 并不了解它。 |
| And in some parts of Rajasthan this number is as high as nine out of 10 girls being unaware of it. |
在拉贾斯坦邦的一些地区 这一比例高达十分之九。 |
| You'd be surprised to know that most of the girls that I have spoken to, who did not know about periods at the time of their first menstruation thought that they have got blood cancer and they're going to die soon. |
你可能会感到惊讶 大多数我接触过的女孩 在第一次来例假时不知道例假是什么, 她们以为她们得了血癌 马上就要死了。 |
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cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
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| Menstrual hygiene is a very important risk factor for reproductive tract infections . |
经期卫生是导致女性生殖道感染 的重要风险因素。 |
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Menstrual:adj.月经的;每月的;一月一次的; hygiene:n.卫生;卫生学;保健法; factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的; tract:n.束;地带;小册子;大片土地; infections:n.传染病;口腔病害(infection复数形式);
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| But in India, only 12 percent of girls and women have access to hygienic ways of managing their periods. |
但在印度只有12%的女孩和妇女 拥有卫生的例假处理方式。 |
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hygienic:adj.卫生的,保健的;卫生学的;
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| If you do the math , 88 percent of girls and women use unhygienic ways to manage their periods. |
换句话说 88%的女孩和妇女处理例假的方式都不卫生。 |
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you do the math:你自己来算一下; unhygienic:adj.不卫生的;不健康的;
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| I was one of them. |
我就是其中之一。 |
| I grew up in a small town called Garhwa, in Jharkhand, where even buying a sanitary napkin is considered shameful. |
我在拉贾斯坦邦的一个叫做加瓦的小镇长大 在那里甚至买卫生棉都很丢脸。 |
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sanitary:adj.卫生的,清洁的;n.公共厕所; napkin:n.餐巾;餐巾纸;尿布;
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| So when I started getting my periods, |
所以当我来例假的时候, |
| I began with using rags . |
使用的都是布条。 |
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rags:n.破布;抹布;
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| After every use I would wash and reuse them. |
使用完我会清洗再利用。 |
| But to store them, |
但是我得 |
| I would hide and keep it in a dark, damp place so that nobody finds out that I'm menstruating . |
找一个阴暗潮湿的地方把它藏起来, 这样就没人知道我在生理期了。 |
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damp:n.潮湿;湿气;湿块;adj.潮湿的;湿气重的;v.弄潮;使潮湿;抑制; menstruating:v.月经来潮(menstruate的现在分词);
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| Due to repeated washing the rags would become coarse , and I would often get rashes and infections using them. |
因为反复清洗布条变得粗糙, 我常常得皮疹和感染。 |
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coarse:adj.粗糙的;粗织的;粗的;大颗粒的; rashes:n.发疹,[皮肤]疹(rash复数形式);
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| I wore these already for five years until I moved out of that town. |
在离开了小镇之前,五年来我一直用这样的方式处理例假。 |
| Another issue that periods brought in my life those of the social restrictions that are imposed upon our girls and women when they're on their periods. |
另外一个例假带来的不便, 是社会强加在 月经期的女孩和妇女的一些限制。 |
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issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; restrictions:n.限制规定;限制;约束;制约因素;(restriction的复数) imposed:adj.强加的;施加的;应用的;v.欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于;
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| I think you all must be aware of it, but I'll still list it for the few who don't. |
我想大家都有所耳闻, 我将为那些不知道的人一一列举。 |
| I was not allowed to touch or eat pickles . |
我不能碰也不能吃腌菜, |
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pickles:n.泡菜;腌菜;菜酱;v.腌渍;(pickle的第三人称单数和复数)
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| I was not allowed to sit on the sofa or some other family member's bed. |
我不能坐在沙发上也不能坐在其他家庭成员的床上 |
| I had to wash my bed sheet after every period, even if it was not stained . |
每次例假结束我都要清洗床单, 即使床单上没有污渍。 |
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sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; stained:adj.玷污的;着色的v.玷污;败坏;给…染色(stain的过去式和过去分词);
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| I was considered impure and forbidden from worshipping or touching any object of religious importance. |
我被认定是不洁之人 不允许参拜或触摸任何宗教物品。 |
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impure:adj.不纯的;肮脏的;道德败坏的; forbidden:adj.禁止的; v.禁止; (forbid的过去分词和过去式) worshipping:v.崇敬,崇拜;做礼拜;热爱;(worship的现在分词) religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
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| You'll find signposts outside temples denying the entry of menstruating girls and women. |
不允许经期女性进入庙宇 的警示牌随处可见。 |
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signposts:指示牌(signpost的复数); denying:v.否认;否定;拒绝承认;拒绝给予;(deny的现在分词)
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| Ironically , most of the time it is the older woman who imposes such restrictions on younger girls in a family. |
讽刺的是, 这些限制往往是家族中 年纪较大的女性强加到年轻女性身上的。 |
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Ironically:adv.讽刺地;说反话地; imposes:强加于;征收(impose的第三人称单数);
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| After all, they have grown up accepting such restrictions as norms . |
毕竟随她们长大她们接受这些限制并且将其当成标准。 |
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norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
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| And in the absence of any intervention , it is the myth and misconception that propagate from generation to generation. |
在没有任何干预的情况下 这样的传播和误解 一代一代的传播下来。 |
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in the absence of:缺乏,不存在;无…时,缺少…时; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; myth:n.神话;虚构的人,虚构的事; misconception:n.误解;错觉;错误想法; propagate:vt.传播;传送;繁殖;宣传;vi.繁殖;增殖;
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| During my years of work in this field, |
在我研究这几年的研究中 |
| I have even come across stories where girls have to eat and wash their dishes separately . |
我甚至听到过 女孩需要单独吃饭和洗碗这样的故事 |
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come across:偶然遇见;给人以…的印象; separately:adv.分别地;分离地;个别地;
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| They're not allowed to take baths during periods, and in some households they are even secluded from other family members. |
她们在经期不允许洗澡, 有的家庭甚至把她们关起来以防和其他家庭成员接触。 |
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households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数); secluded:adj.隐蔽的;隐退的,隐居的;v.隔绝(seclude的过去式);
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| About 85 percent of girls and women in India would follow one or more restrictive customs on their periods every month. |
在印度大约85%的女性 在例假期间都会至少遵循一条这些限制性的习俗 |
| Can you imagine what this does to the self-esteem and self-confidence of a young girl? |
你能想象这对一个年轻女孩 的自尊和自信产生什么样的影响吗？ |
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self-esteem:n.自尊;自负;自大; self-confidence:n.自信;
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| The psychological trauma that this inflicts , affecting her personality , her academic performance and every single aspect of growing up during her early formative years? |
这造成的心理创伤 可以影响女孩的性格 学习成绩 和在早年性格形成过程中每个方面的成长。 |
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psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤; inflicts:vt.造成;使遭受(损伤,痛苦等);给予(打击等); personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; formative:adj.形成的;造型的;格式化的;n.构词要素;
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| I religiously followed all these restrictive customs for 13 years, until a discussion with my partner, Tuhin, changed my perception about menstruation forever. |
我虔诚地遵循了13年的习俗 直到我和一个叫图新的朋友聊天 让我永久的改变了对生理期的看法。 |
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religiously:adv.虔诚地,笃信地; perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
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| In 2009, Tuhin and I were pursuing our postgraduation in design. |
2009年图新和我都在读设计专业研究生。 |
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pursuing:v.追求;致力于;贯彻;跟踪;追赶;(pursue的现在分词)
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| We fell in love with each other and I was at ease discussing periods with him. |
我们彼此相爱 我和他谈论经期也比较自在。 |
| Tuhin knew little about periods. |
图新不懂例假。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| He was astonished to know that girls get painful cramps and we bleed every month. |
当他知道女孩每个月有月经甚至还要流血时 震惊不已。 |
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astonished:adj.吃惊的; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; cramps:n.肌肉抽筋; v.束缚; bleed:v.流血;失血;放掉;散开;n.[印]出血版
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Yeah. |
是的。 |
| He was completely shocked to know about the restrictions that are imposed upon menstruating girls and women by their own families and their society. |
当他知道经期女性 受到的家庭和社会强加的种种限制后 更加震惊不已。 |
| In order to help me with my cramps, he would go on the Internet and learn more about menstruation. |
为了帮助我更好的度过月经 他会去搜索网络学习更多经期知识 |
| When he shared his findings with me, |
当他和我分享月经知识的时候 |
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findings:n.调查发现;判决;裁决;(finding的复数)
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| I realized how little I knew about menstruation myself. |
我才意识到自己对月经知之甚少。 |
| And many of my beliefs actually turned out to be myths . |
很多我之前所相信的都是假的。 |
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myths:神话;谬见;
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| That's when we wondered: if we, being so well educated, were so ill-informed about menstruation, there would be millions of girls out there who would be ill-informed, too. |
我们怀疑: 如果我们作为受过高等教育的人, 都对月经知之甚少, 其它数百万的女孩知道的就更少了。 |
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ill-informed:adj.所知不多的;消息不灵通的;
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| To study -- to understand the problem better, |
为了研究 为了更好地研究这个问题, |
| I undertook a year-long research to study the lack of awareness about menstruation and the root cause behind it. |
我用了一年的时间来研究为什么月经问题一直被忽视 和根植于背后的问题。 |
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undertook:v.承担(undertake的过去式);着手做; year-long:长达一年的,一年之久的; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
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| While it is generally believed that menstrual unawareness and misconception is a rural phenomenon, during my research, |
为什么大家普遍认为 对于月经的忽视和误解是一个农村问题。 在我的研究过程中, |
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generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; unawareness:n.没认识到;未觉察到; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
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| I found that it is as much an urban phenomenon as well. |
我发现它也是城市问题。 |
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urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
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| And it exists with the educated urban class, also. |
它在城市受过良好教育的人群里也存在着。 |
| While talking to many parents and teachers, |
通过和许多家长和老师的讨论 |
| I found that many of them actually wanted to educate girls about periods before they have started getting their menstrual cycle. |
我发现他们中很多人实际上希望在女孩的月经来临前 告诉她月经的知识。 |
| And -- but they lacked the proper means themselves. |
但是他们缺乏合适的方法。 |
| And since it is a taboo, they feel inhibition and shameful in talking about it. |
因为这是一个禁忌, 他们在谈论它的时候感觉压抑和羞耻。 |
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inhibition:n.抑制;压抑;禁止;
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| Girls nowadays get their periods in classes six and seven, but our educational curriculum teaches girls about periods only in standard eight and nine. |
现在女孩子大多在六年级七年级开始来月经, 但是我们的教育课程 在八,九年级的时候才正式的讲月经的知识。 |
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educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 curriculum:n.课程;总课程; standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
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| And since it is a taboo, teachers still skip the subject altogether. |
而且正因为它是禁忌, 老师们一起仍然跳过这些内容。 |
| So school does not teach girls about periods, parents don't talk about it. |
所以学校不告诉女孩经期知识, 家长们也不谈论这些。 |
| Where do the girls go? |
那些女孩怎么办呢？ |
| Two decades ago and now -- nothing has changed. |
20年来直到今天 一直都是这样。 |
| I shared these finding with Tuhin and we wondered: |
我和图新分享了这些发现之后我们认为 |
| What if we could create something that would help girls understand about menstruation on their own -- something that would help parents and teachers talk about periods comfortably to young girls? |
我们应该创造一些东西 来帮助女孩了解他们自己的生理期, 创造一些能够帮助家长和老师 更舒服地和孩子们谈论生理期的东西。 |
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What if:如果…怎么办?
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| During my research, |
在我的研究中, |
| I was collecting a lot of stories. |
我收集了很多故事。 |
| These were stories of experiences of girls during their periods. |
这些女孩们在她们经期时的经验故事 |
| These stories would make girls curious and interested in talking about menstruation in their close circle. |
让其他女孩在这个属于她们自己的圈子里 好奇并感兴趣地谈论这个问题。 |
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curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
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| That's what we wanted. |
这就是我们想要的。 |
| We wanted something that would make the girls curious and drive them to learn about it. |
我们想让女孩通过好奇心的驱使 去学习月经知识。 |
| We wanted to use these stories to teach girls about periods. |
我们希望用这些故事来告诉女孩什么事例假。 |
| So we decided to create a comic book, where the cartoon characters would enact these stories and educate girls about menstruation in a fun and engaging way. |
所以我们决定写一本漫画书, 里面的卡通角色演绎了这些故事 并用风趣迷人的方式告诉女孩子们生理期的知识。 |
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enact:vt.颁布;制定法律;扮演;发生; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
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| To represent girls in their different phases of puberty , we have three characters. |
为了给不同青春期阶段的女孩更好地展示, 我们有三个人物。 |
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represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; phases:n.阶段,时期(phase的复数形式);v.逐步实行(phase的三单形式); puberty:n.青春期;开花期;
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| Pinki, who has not gotten her period yet, |
平吉,她还没有开始例假, |
| Jiya who gets her period during the narrative of the book and Mira who has already been getting her period. |
吉雅,她在这本书的叙述中开始了例假, 还有米娅,她已经开始了例假。 |
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narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的;
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| There is a fourth character, Priya Didi . |
还有第四个角色,皮里亚·迪迪。 |
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Didi:n.迪迪(足球运动员名);
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| Through her, girls come to know about the various aspects of growing up and menstrual hygiene management . |
通过她女孩们知道人体成长的方方面面 和经期卫生管理知识。 |
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aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数); management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
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| While making the book, we took great care that none of the illustrations were objectionable in any way and that it is culturally sensitive . |
在制作这本书的过程中, 我们确保每一张插画都不会引起读者的反感 和文化的敏感。 |
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illustrations:n.[印刷]插图;插画(illustration的复数); objectionable:adj.讨厌的;会引起反对的;有异议的; culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人;
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| During our prototype testing, we found that the girls loved the book. |
在我们第一版书的测试中我们发现女孩很爱这本书。 |
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prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态;
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| They were keen on reading it and knowing more and more about periods on their own. |
她们急不可待地读 知道了越来越多她们自己的经期的知识。 |
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keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌;
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| Parents and teachers were comfortable in talking about periods to young girls using the book, and sometimes even boys were interested in reading it. |
家长和老师使用这本书给女孩们讲经期知识时 也非常的舒服, 有的时候甚至男孩也对它感兴趣。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| The comic book helped in creating an environment where menstruation ceased to be a taboo. |
这本漫画书改变了大众的氛围 月经再也不是一个禁忌。 |
|
ceased:v.停止(cease的过去式及过去分词形式);中止;中断;
|
| Many of the volunteers took this prototype themselves to educate girls and take menstrual awareness workshops in five different states in India. |
在印度五个不同的地区很多志愿者用这本书的初版 来教育女孩并且开展提高月经认识的讲习班。 |
|
volunteers:n.志愿者; v.自愿做; (volunteer的第三人称单数和复数) workshops:n.工作坊,[工业]车间;研习会,讲习班(workshop的复数形式);
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| And one of the volunteers took this prototype to educate young monks and took it to this monastery in Ladakh. |
甚至有一位志愿者用这本书去教育年轻的僧人 把它带到了拉达克的寺庙中。 |
|
monastery:n.修道院;僧侣;
|
| We made the final version of the book, called "Menstrupedia Comic" |
我们这本书的最终版本叫做“月经百科”漫画 |
| and launched in September last year. |
在去年九月正式出版。 |
|
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词)
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| And so far, more than 4,000 girls have been educated by using the book in India and -- |
到目前为止, 在印度和其他十余个不同的国家超过4000个女孩 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| And 10 different countries. |
受到了这本书的教育 |
| We are constantly translating the book into different languages and collaborating with local organizations to make this book available in different countries. |
我们不断地把这本书翻译成不同的语言 不断地和当地的机构合作 让这本书在不同的国家可以上市。 |
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constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
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| 15 schools in different parts of India have made this book a part of their school curriculum to teach girls about menstruation. |
在印度15所来自不同地方的学校 把这本书纳入了教学课程之中 来为女孩讲解经期知识。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| I am amazed to see how volunteers, individuals , parents, teachers, school principals , have come together and taken this menstrual awareness drive to their own communities , |
我惊讶于志愿者 个人,家长,老师,校长 共同努力 提升所在社区的女性生理意识, |
|
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); principals:n.校长;负责人(principal的复数); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
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| have made sure that the girls learn about periods at the right age and helped in breaking this taboo. |
确保女孩在正确的时间学习生理知识 并帮助破除这个禁忌。 |
| I dream of a future where menstruation is not a curse , not a disease , but a welcoming change in a girl's life. |
我希望将来有一天月经不再是一个诅咒, 不再是疾病, 而是一个女孩生命中受到欢迎的转折点。 |
|
curse:n.诅咒;咒骂;v.诅咒;咒骂; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
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| And I would -- |
我希望 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| And I would like to end this with a small request to all the parents here. |
我希望在结尾 对各位家长提出一个小小的要求。 |
| Dear parents, if you would be ashamed of periods, your daughters would be, too. |
亲爱的家长们, 如果您对于例假感到羞耻, 您的女儿也会一样。 |
| So please be period positive . |
所以做一个积极面对例假的人。 |
|
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |