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AbhishekGopalka_2019S-_发自内心的动力是如何修复公共系统的_-
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Take a minute and think of yourself as the leader of a country. |
花上一分钟, 把自己想象成一国领袖。 |
And let's say one of your biggest priorities is to provide your citizens with high-quality healthcare . |
假如你最首要的任务 是为贵国公民提供 高质量的医疗保健。 |
priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数) high-quality:adj.高质量的; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健;
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How would you go about it? |
你会如何着手? |
Build more hospitals? |
建立更多医院? |
Open more medical colleges? |
开办更多医学院? |
Invest in clinical innovation ? |
投资医疗创新? |
Invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
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But what if your country's health system was fundamentally broken? |
但如果贵国的健康系统 已经烂到根子里了, |
what if:如果…怎么办? fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
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Whether it's doctor absenteeism , drug stock-outs or poor quality of care. |
医生玩忽职守, 药物供不应求, 亦或是护理质量堪忧。 |
absenteeism:n.旷工;旷课;有计划的怠工;经常无故缺席; stock-outs:缺货物品;
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Where would you start then? |
你将从何下手? |
I'm a management consultant , and for the last three years, |
我是一名管理咨询师, 在过去三年里, |
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; consultant:n.顾问;高级顾问医师;会诊医师;
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I've been working on a project to improve the public heath system of Rajasthan, a state in India. |
我一直致力于一项 改善印度拉贾斯坦邦 公共健康系统的项目。 |
improve:v.改进;改善; heath:n.石南,石南植物;荒野;adj.杜鹃花科木本植物的;
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And during the course of the project, we actually discovered something profound . |
而在项目进行过程中, 我们确实发现了一些深刻的问题。 |
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
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More doctors, better facilities , clinical innovation -- they are all important. |
更多医生、更好的设施、 医疗创新—— 这些都重要。 |
facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数)
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But nothing changes without one key ingredient . |
但这些东西都缺少了一项 能发挥作用的关键要素。 |
ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的;
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Motivation . |
发自内心的动力。 |
Motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动;
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But motivation is a tricky thing. |
但动力是个棘手的玩意儿。 |
tricky:adj.难办的;难对付的;狡猾的;诡计多端的;
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If you've led a team, raised a child or tried to change a personal habit, you know that motivation doesn't just appear. |
如果你带过团队、养过孩子 或是试图改变个人习惯, 你就会明白 动力不会凭空出现。 |
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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Something has to change to make you care. |
有些事情得改变了 你才会去在意。 |
And if there's one thing that all of us humans care about, it's an inherent desire to shine in front of society. |
要说有什么事 我们全人类都在意, 就是对自己能被社会瞩目 发自内心的渴望。 |
inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的;
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So that's exactly what we did. |
于是我们借此入手。 |
We decided to focus on the citizen: the people who the system was supposed to serve in the first place . |
我们决定聚焦于本国公民—— 那些本就应该由 机关系统服务的人。 |
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) in the first place:首先;起初;
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And today, I'd like to tell you how Rajasthan has transformed its public health system dramatically by using the citizen to trigger motivation. |
而今天,我将告诉你们 拉贾斯坦公共健康系统 的急剧转型, 其动力是如何由公民激发的。 |
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; trigger:n.触发器; v.触发;
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Now, Rajasthan is one of India's largest states, with a population of nearly 80 million. |
拉贾斯坦是当今印度 最大的邦州之一, 有着近八千万的人口。 |
That's larger than the United Kingdom . |
比英国全国还多。 |
United Kingdom:n.英国;
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But the similarities probably end there. |
但可比之处仅此而已。 |
similarities:n.相仿性;类似性;相像处;(similarity的复数)
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In 2016, when my team was called in to start working with the public health system of Rajasthan, we found it in a state of crisis . |
当我的团队在2016年受邀 到拉贾斯坦开始参与 公共健康系统工作时, 我们发现它已 处于危机状态了。 |
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
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For example, the neonatal mortality rate -- that's the number of newborns who die before their first month birthday -- was 10 times higher than that of the UK. |
就拿记录了未满一个月就夭折 的新生儿死亡率来说, 该数字高出英国新生儿 死亡率十倍之多。 |
neonatal:adj.新生的;初生的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; newborns:新生儿;
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No wonder then that citizens were saying, "Hey, I don't want to go to a public health facility ." |
难怪本国公民会说: “嘿,我可不想去公立医疗场所。” |
facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资;
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In India, if you wanted to see a doctor in a public health facility, you would go to a "PHC," or "primary health center." |
在印度,你如果要到 公立医疗场所看病, 你就得去“PHC”, 也就是“初级保健中心”。 |
And at least 40 patients are expected to go to a PHC every day. |
一所初级保健中心应有能力 每天接待至少40名来访病人。 |
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
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But in Rajasthan, only one out of four PHCs was seeing this minimum number of patients. |
而拉贾斯坦的初级保健中心 每四所里只有一所 能达到这个病人接待量的下限。 |
minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的;
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In other words, people had lost faith in the system. |
换句话说,人们对该系统 已然不抱希望。 |
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
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When we delved deeper, we realized that lack of accountability is at the core of it. |
当我们更深入地进行研究时, 我们意识到问责机制的缺失 正是问题的核心。 |
delved:vi.钻研;探究;挖;vt.钻研;探究;挖;n.穴;洞; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
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Picture this. |
想象一下, |
Sudha, a daily-wage earner , realizes that her one-year-old daughter is suffering from uncontrollable dysentery . |
苏达,一名日薪工作者, 发现她一岁大的女儿 闹了痢疾令她束手无策。 |
daily-wage:un.计日工资;日薪; earner:n.赚钱的人; uncontrollable:adj.无法控制的;无法管束的;难以驾驭的; dysentery:n.痢疾;
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So she decides to take the day off. |
于是她决定请一天假。 |
That's a loss of about 350 rupees or five dollars. |
这将损失大约350卢比, 也就是5美元的日薪。 |
rupees:n.卢比(rupee复数);
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And she picks up her daughter in her arms and walks for five kilometers to the government PHC. |
而当她怀抱着她的女儿 徒步五千米来到 政府的初级保健中心, |
But the doctor isn't there. |
却发现医生不在。 |
So she takes the next day off, again, and comes back to the PHC. |
所以第二天她也得请假, 再次来到初级保健中心。 |
This time, the doctor is there, but the pharmacist tells her that the free drugs that she's entitled to have run out, because they forgot to reorder them on time. |
这一次,医生在是在, 但药剂师告诉她, 由于他们忘了及时订药, 她有权免费领取的 药物已经用完了。 |
pharmacist:n.药剂师; entitled:v.使享有权利;使符合资格;给…命名;(entitle的过去分词和过去式) reorder:vt.再订购;重新整理;vi.再订购;n.再订购;
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So now, she rushes to the private medical center, and as she's rushing there, looking at her daughter's condition worsening with every passing hour, she can't help but wonder |
于是现在,她赶忙跑向 私立医疗中心, 而在她快马加鞭的同时, 还要眼看着女儿的病情 随着时间流逝而恶化。 她不禁会想, |
worsening:n.恶化;变坏;adj.日益恶化的;v.恶化(worsen的ing形式);使变得更坏;
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if she should have gone to the private medical center in the first place and payed the 350 rupees for the consultation and drugs. |
自己是否在一开始就该直接去 私立医疗中心, 并支付350卢比的 门诊与医药费。 |
payed:vt.支付,付;偿还,补偿(pay的变形); consultation:n.咨询;磋商;[临床]会诊;讨论会;
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No one is held accountable for this incredible failure of the system. |
这无人负责的 耸人的系统失职 |
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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Costing time, money and heartache to Sudha. |
害苏达损失了时间、金钱, 还令她备受煎熬。 |
heartache:n.心痛;悲叹;
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And this is something that just had to be fixed. |
要查补的正是此类漏缺。 |
Now, as all good consultants , we decided that data-driven reviews had to be the answer to improve accountability. |
作为合格的咨询师, 我们认为必须以 由数据导向的审查 来应对问责机制的改善问题。 |
consultants:n.[经]顾问;咨询顾问;咨询公司;咨询人员(consultant的复数); data-driven:adj.依照数据处理的; reviews:n.综述; v.回顾;
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So we created these fancy performance dashboards to help make the review meetings of the health department much more effective . |
所以我们创建了这些 花哨的绩效展示牌 去帮助健康部门能更高效地 展开审查会议。 |
fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; dashboards:n.(汽车上的)仪表盘(dashboard的复数); effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
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But nothing changed. |
可无济于事。 |
Discussion after discussion, meeting after meeting, nothing changed. |
一次又一次的讨论、 一场又一场的会议, 全都无济于事。 |
And that's when it struck me. |
这才给了我当头棒喝。 |
You see, public systems have always been governed through internal mechanisms , like review meetings. |
要知道,一直以来 各项公共系统都是 由这些审查会议之类的 内部机制来监管。 |
internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学;
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And over time, their accountability to the citizen has been diluted . |
而长此以往, 外界公民对他们问责的 作用就被淡化了。 |
diluted:v.稀释;冲淡;削弱;降低;(dilute的过去分词和过去式)
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So why not bring the citizen back into the equation , perhaps by using the citizen promises? |
如果能通过公民承诺, 让公民们再次起到作用, 又有何不可呢? |
equation:n.方程式,等式;相等;[化学]反应式;
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Couldn't that trigger motivation? |
这样不就可以激发人们的动力了吗? |
We started with what I like to call the coffee shop strategy . |
我们的启动方案 被我称为“咖啡店策略”。 |
coffee shop:na.咖啡店;(一般的)小餐馆; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
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You've probably seen one of these signs in a coffee shop, which says, "If you don't get your receipt , the coffee is free." |
你们应该在咖啡店里 见过这样的指示牌, 上面写着: “如果您没收到收据, 咖啡就算您免费。” |
receipt:n.收据;收入;接受;字据;v.开收据;
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Now, the cashier has no option but to give you a receipt each time. |
这样一来,收银员就不得不 在每次结账时都要给你开收据。 |
cashier:n.出纳员;v.开除…的军籍; option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
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So we took this strategy and applied it to Rajasthan. |
因此我们将此策略 应用在了拉贾斯坦。 |
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
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We worked with the government on a program to revive 300 PHCs across the state, and we got them to paint very clear citizen promises along the wall. |
我们与政府合作了一项 在全州范围内恢复300家 初级保健中心的计划, 还让他们将每一条公民承诺 都清清楚楚地印在了墙上。 |
revive:vi.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;vt.使复兴;使苏醒;回想起;重演,重播;
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'"We assure you that you will have a doctor each time." |
“我们向您保证 您每次都能看上医生。” |
assure:vt.保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚;
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'"We assure you that you will get your free drugs each time." |
“我们向您保证您每次都能 领取到您的免费药物。” |
'"We assure you that you will get your free diagnostics each time." |
“我们向您保证 您每次都能接受免费诊断。” |
diagnostics:n.诊断学(用作单数);
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And finally , we worked with elected representatives to launch these revived PHCs, who shared the citizen promises with the community with a lot of fanfare . |
最后,我们还与民选代表合作, 帮这些恢复的 初级保健中心重新开业, 让它们大张旗鼓地 将这些公民承诺 推广至社区。 |
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式); launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; revived:v.(使)苏醒,复活;重新使用;使重做;重新上演;(revive的过去分词和过去式) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; fanfare:n.吹牛,炫耀;喇叭或号角嘹亮的吹奏声;vt.热热闹闹地宣布;
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Now, the promise was out there in the open . |
现在,这些承诺已世人皆知。 |
in the open:在户外;在野外;
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Failure would be embarrassing . |
食言就意味着蒙羞。 |
embarrassing:adj.令人尴尬的; v.使尴尬; (embarrass的现在分词)
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The system had to start delivering. |
机关系统必须开始出力。 |
And deliver it did. |
他们也确实出力了。 |
Doctor availability went up, medicines came on hand, and as a result , patient visits went up by 20 percent in less than a year. |
医生出勤率有所上升, 药物一应俱全, 而结果就是 不到一年,病人来访率 就提升了两成。 |
availability:n.可用性;有效性;实用性; as a result:结果;
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The public health system was getting back into business. |
公共健康系统正在重回正轨。 |
But there was still a long distance to go. |
然而前路漫漫, |
Change isn't that easy. |
改变并非一蹴而就。 |
An exasperated doctor once told me, "I really want to transform the maternal health in my community, but I just don't have enough nurses." |
曾有一位恼怒的医生告诉我, “我是真心希望改变 我们社区的妇产保健, 但苦于护士人手不足。” |
exasperated:adj.激怒的;恼火的;v.使恼怒;激怒;恶化(exasperate的过去式); maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的;
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Now, resources like nurses are actually controlled by administrative officers who the doctors report to. |
目前,像护士这类资源 实际由行政官员掌握, 医生也得向他们汇报。 |
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); administrative:adj.管理的,行政的;
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And while the doctors were now motivated , the administrative officers simply weren't motivated enough to help the doctors. |
现在医生们是有动力了, 这些行政官员 却没有足够的动力 去帮助医生。 |
motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机;
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This is where the head of the public health department, |
对此,公共健康部门负责人 |
Ms. Veenu Gupta, came up with a brilliant idea. |
维努·笈多女士提出了一条妙计。 |
A monthly ranking of all districts. |
所有地区每月都要排名。 |
monthly:n.月刊:adv.每个月:每月一次:adj.每月的:
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And this ranking would assess the performance of every district on each major disease and each major procedure . |
该排名会对各地区 在每项重大疾病 和每次重要执行程序上的 绩效做评估。 |
assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序;
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But here's the best part. |
而最妙的是: |
We made the ranking go public. |
我们公开了排名。 |
We put the ranking on the website, we put the ranking on social media , and before you knew it, the media got involved , with newspaper articles on which districts were doing well and which ones weren't. |
我们将排名放到了互联网上, 放到了社交媒体上, 不等你反应过来, 媒体就都参与进来了, 通过报刊文章点评着各地区表现孰好孰坏。 |
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
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And we didn't just want the rankings to impact the best- and the worst-performing districts. |
我们不只是希望这些排名 能影响表现最好 与最次的地区, |
rankings:n.排名;排行(ranking的复数); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; worst-performing:adj.最差劲的表演;经营效率低下;
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We wanted the rankings to motivate every district. |
我们希望它能激起 所有地区的动力。 |
So we took inspiration from soccer leagues, and created a three-tiered ranking system, whereby every quarter, if a district's performance were to decline , you could get relegated to the lower tier . |
于是我们从足球联赛中获取灵感, 创建了一套有着三级排名 的排名系统, 每个季度, 如果某个地区的绩效下降了, 那就将其排名降低。 |
whereby:adv.凭借;通过…;借以;与…一致; decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; relegated:v.使贬职;使降级;降低…的地位;(relegate的过去分词和过去式) tier:n.层,排;行,列;等级;vt.使层叠;vi.成递升徘列;
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But if the district's performance were to improve, you could get promoted to the premiere league . |
而如果一个地区的绩效上升了, 就将其提升至最高档。 |
promoted:v.促进:促销:提升:(promote的过去分词和过去式) premiere:adj.首位的; vi.初次公演; vt.初次公演; n.初次的演出; league:n.联赛;联盟;协会;种类;v.(使)结盟;(使)联合[团结];一鼻孔出气;组成联盟;
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The rankings were a big success. |
这套排名系统大获成功。 |
It generated tremendous excitement , and districts began vying with each other to be known as exemplars . |
人心大振, 各地区开始相互竞争, 争当典范。 |
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; vying:adj.竞争的;v.争夺(vie的现在分词); exemplars:标本(exemplar的名词复数);
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It's actually very simple, if you think about it. |
仔细想想,也不出奇。 |
If the performance data is only being reviewed by your manager in internal settings, it simply isn't motivating enough. |
如果只是由你的上级 在内部环境里 审核绩效数据, 动力自然是不够的。 |
reviewed:v.复习;评估;评论;检讨;(review的过去分词形式) motivating:v.激励;刺激;调动…的积极性(motivate的ing形式);
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But if that data is out there, in the open, for the community to see, that's a very different picture. |
但如果数据公开了、 对外了、全社区都能看到了, 事情就会大不一样。 |
That just unlocks a competitive spirit which is inherent in each and every one of us. |
这样一来释放了潜藏在 我们所有人体内的竞争精神。 |
unlocks:开启;开锁; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
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So now, when you put these two together, the coffee shop strategy and public competition , you now had a public health system which was significantly more motivated to improve citizen health. |
于是乎,当你们将 咖啡店策略与公开竞争合二为一, 就有了一个对于提升公民健康 今非昔比、动力十足的 公共健康系统。 |
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
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And now that you had a more motivated health system, it was actually a system that was now much more ready for support. |
既然现在的公共健康系统 背后充满动力了, 它就比过去更需要获得支持。 |
Because now, there is a pull for the support, whether it's resources, data or skill building. |
因为现在,无论是系统的 资源、数据、还是技术积累, 相应的支持都要跟上来。 |
Let me share an example. |
我来分享个例子。 |
I was once at a district meeting in the district of Ajmer. |
有一次我在阿杰梅尔区 参加地区会议。 |
This is one of the districts that had been rising rapidly in the rankings. |
这正是其中一个排名飞速上升的地区。 |
And there were a group of passionate doctors who were discussing ideas on how to better support their teams. |
会议上有一伙热忱的医生 在为如何更好地支持 他们的团队出谋划策。 |
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
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One of the doctors had up-skilled health workers to tackle the problem of nurse shortages . |
其中一位医生 让业务娴熟的护工 来填补护士的短缺。 |
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; shortages:n.不足,缺乏(shortage的复数形式);
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Another doctor was using WhatsApp in creative ways to share information and ideas with his frontline workers. |
另一位医生妙用 通讯软件WhatsApp 来分享一线医护人员 的消息与想法。 |
WhatsApp:智能手机;联络电话; creative:adj.创造性的; frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋);
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For example, where are the children who are missing from immunization ? |
例如: “尚未接种疫苗的孩子们都在哪儿?” |
immunization:n.免疫;
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And how do you convince the mothers to actually bring their children for immunization? |
“又要如何说服那些母亲们 把自己的孩子带来接种疫苗?” |
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说;
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And because their teams were now significantly motivated, they were simply lapping up the support, because they wanted to perform better and better. |
正因为他们的团队 现在动力十足, 他们对支持来者不拒, 以求绩效更上一层楼。 |
Broken systems certainly need more resources and tools. |
支离破碎的系统 固然需要更多资源与工具, |
But they won't drive much impact if you don't first address the motivation challenge. |
但如果不先把动力点燃, 那些东西只会收效甚微。 |
Once the motivation tide begins to shift , that's when you get the real returns off resources and tools. |
一旦动力的浪潮开始涌动, 你才能真正获得 来自资源与工具的回报。 |
tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换;
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But I still haven't answered a key question. |
但有个关键问题 我还没回答: |
What happened to the performance of Rajasthan's public health system? |
拉贾斯坦的公共健康系统 绩效如何? |
In 2016, when our work began, the government of India and the World Bank came out with a public health index . |
2016年,在我们的工作启动时, 印度政府与世界银行 给出了一份公共健康指标。 |
World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); index:n.指标;指数;索引;指针;v.做索引;指出;编入索引中;
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Rajasthan was ranked 20th out of 21 large states. |
在21个大邦之中 拉贾斯坦排名第20位。 |
But in 2018, when the next ranking came out, |
但到了2018年, 次届排位公布时, |
Rajasthan showed one of the highest improvements among all large states in India, leapfrogging four positions. |
拉贾斯坦一跃而上连升四位, 是印度各大邦中 排名提升最大的邦。 |
improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数) leapfrogging:v.越级提升;(leapfrog的现在分词)
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For example, it showed one of the highest reductions in neonatal mortality, with 3,000 additional newborn lives being saved every year. |
举个例子,其中一项 降低程度最大的指标 就是新生儿死亡率。 每年增加了3000个被拯救的新生儿。 |
reductions:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;(reduction的复数) additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
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Typically , public health transformations take a long time, even decades. |
一般来说,公共健康系统转型 旷日累时,可达数十年之久, |
Typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; transformations:n.[晶体]转变(transformation的复数形式);转换;
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But this approach had delivered results in two years. |
但这套方法仅两年 就见效了。 |
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
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But here's the best part. |
而最棒的是, |
There is actually nothing Rajasthan-specific about what we learned. |
我们研究的方法 并不仅限于拉贾斯坦。 |
In fact, this approach of using the citizen to trigger motivation is not even limited to public health systems. |
实际上,这套利用公民 激发动力的方法 也并非仅限于公共健康系统。 |
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
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I sincerely believe that if there is any public system, in any country, that is in inertia , then we need to bring back the motivation. |
我由衷地相信任何国家, 任何公共系统, 如果缺乏活力, 都需要找回其动力。 |
sincerely:adv.真诚地;由衷地,诚恳地; inertia:n.[力]惯性;惰性,迟钝;不活动;
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And a great way to trigger the motivation is to increase transparency to the citizen. |
为公民提高透明度 就是激发动力的不二法门。 |
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃;
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We can do this with education and sanitation and even political representation . |
在教育,卫生 乃至政治代表方面 我们都能用上。 |
sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施; representation:n.表现;代表;描述;陈述
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Government schools can compete publicly on the basis of student enrollment . |
公立学校可以根据学生的 入学人数进行公开评比。 |
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); on the basis of:根据;基于…; enrollment:n.登记;入伍;
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Cities and towns, on the basis of cleanliness . |
城镇可以对比清洁度。 |
cleanliness:n.清洁;
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And politicians on the basis of a scorecard of how exactly they're improving citizen lives. |
而政客们可以 就他们提升公民 生活质量的程度评分。 |
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) scorecard:n.记分卡;一种用于检验或测试的系统或程序; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
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There are many broken systems out there in the world. |
世上支离破碎的系统还有很多。 |
We need to bring back their motivation. |
我们要让它们重拾动力。 |
The citizen is waiting. |
那里的公民望眼欲穿。 |
We must act today. |
我们的行动刻不容缓。 |
Thank you very much. |
非常感谢。 |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |