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AbdallahEwis_ShajarAlDurr_2020E-_被遗忘的埃及女王_-
The year is 1249 CE. 这是西元 1249 年,
The French King Louis IX is sailing the Nile, threatening to overthrow the Egyptian sultan and capture Egypt. 法国国王路易九世 正扬帆于尼罗河之上, 威胁将要推翻埃及苏丹并占领埃及。
Egypt’s army commanders ask the sultan’s wife, Shajar Al-Durr, to report this news to the sultan, who has been injured in battle. 埃及的军队指挥官要求 苏丹之妻莎哈尔?杜尔, 向在战场上负伤的苏丹转达这一讯息。
But they don’t know the truth: the sultan is already dead, and Shajar Al-Durr is secretly ruling in his stead . 但他们并不知道事情的真相: 苏丹早已死去, 莎哈尔?杜尔秘密地代掌大权。
overthrow:n.推翻;倾覆;瓦解;vt.推翻;打倒;倾覆; sultan:n.苏丹(某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号); capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 commanders:n.指挥官(commander的复数); injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员; stead:n.代替;用处;vt.对…有利;
Born around 1220 CE, Shajar Al-Durr, whose name means “tree of pearls ,” was sold into slavery . 莎哈尔?杜尔约出生于 西元 1220 年, 而她却被贩卖为奴。
This was a common fate for Christian children from Turkic countries like her. 对出生在突厥国家的基督教孩子而言, 被贩为奴是常见的命运。
Enslaved boys, or mamaleek, were trained to be elite military personnel serving the Egyptian Sultanate , while enslaved girls were forced to become concubines . 被奴役的男孩,或称 mamaleek, 会被训练成军事精英部队, 直属于埃及的苏丹。 而被奴役的女孩则被迫成为后宫姬妾。
pearls:n.珍珠;像珍珠之物;(pearl的复数) slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的; Enslaved:v.使成为奴隶;奴役;使受控制;(enslave的过去分词和过去式) elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; personnel:n.人事部门;全体人员;adj.人员的;有关人事的; Sultanate:n.伊斯兰教君主的地位;伊斯兰教君主的领地; concubines:妾;
As a teenager, Shajar Al-Durr became a concubine to the son of the Egyptian sultan, As-Salih Ayyub. 当她还是个青少女, 莎哈尔?杜尔就成了 埃及苏丹之子 阿萨利赫·阿尤布的妾室。
They had a son named Khalil who died in infancy , and As-Salih freed her so he could court her formally. 他们有一个名为卡利尔的儿子, 但婴儿时期便已夭折。 之后为了正式追求她, 阿萨利赫·阿尤布还她自由。
As-Salih became sultan, and he and Shajar Al-Durr married. 在阿萨利赫成为苏丹后, 两人便结了婚。
When As-Salih died in the middle of the conflict with the crusaders , 在阿萨利赫与十字军的 冲突期间死去时,
Shajar Al-Durr knew King Louis IX had already succeeded in conquering important Egyptian port cities. 莎哈尔?杜尔知道路易九世 已成功征服埃及的重要海港城市。
infancy:n.初期;婴儿期;幼年; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; crusaders:n.十字军;十字军战士(crusader的复数); conquering:v.战胜,征服;攻克,攻取;(conquer的现在分词)
Fearing that her husband’s death would threaten the army’s morale , she decided to keep it a secret. 害怕丈夫之死会威胁到军队的士气, 她决定保守这个秘密。
To conceal his death, she had food brought to his tent, and forged his signature on decrees to govern the sultanate and advise military commanders. 为了隐藏他的死讯, 她要人将食物端进他的帐篷, 并在统治苏丹领土 及指挥军事将领的命令上, 伪造他的签名。
When the crusaders attacked the Egyptian city of Al-Mansurah, 当十字军攻击埃及的曼苏拉城时,
morale:n.士气,斗志; conceal:vt.隐藏;隐瞒; forged:v.艰苦干成;努力加强;假冒;制作;(forge的过去分词和过去式) signature:n.署名;签名;信号; decrees:n.[法]法令; v.颁布; advise:v.建议;通知;劝告;忠告;
Egyptian soldiers ambushed the crusaders and took the French king hostage . 埃及士兵突袭了他们, 并将法国国王掳为人质。
Meanwhile , the truth about the sultan’s death began to leak . 同时,苏丹的死讯消息走漏。
Shajar Al-Durr invited her late husband’s son with another woman to claim the title of sultan. 莎哈尔?杜尔邀请 亡夫与另一名女子所生的儿子 继承苏丹的名号。
At first, both she and her mamaleek advisers supported her stepson’s claim to the throne . 一开始,她与她的军士顾问 支持她继子继承权位的正当性。
ambushed:v.伏击;(ambush的过去分词和过去式) hostage:n.人质;抵押品; Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; leak:n.泄漏;渗漏;漏洞;裂缝;v.漏水;透露;使泄漏;传开; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得; advisers:n.顾问(adviser的复数); throne:n.王座;君主;王权;v.登上王座;
But then he began threatening to exile her and kill the mamaleek, making wild accusations about them. 但之后,他开始威胁要流放她, 并要杀掉她的军队, 还以胡乱的罪名控诉他们。
The mamaleek had served Shajar Al-Durr’s husband before her, and seen her capable rule so far. 在听命于莎哈尔?杜尔之前, 这些军人都是已故苏丹的手下, 也见证了她目前为止的政治手腕,
They thought she would make a better ruler than the unpredictable prince, and conspired with her to assassinate him. 他们认为,她会是个比这个 阴晴不定的王子更好的统治者。 便与她密谋刺杀了王子。
exile:n.流放,充军;放逐,被放逐者;流犯;v.放逐,流放;使背井离乡; accusations:n.控告;起诉;告发;谴责;(accusation的复数) capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; unpredictable:adj.不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的;n.不可预言的事; conspired:v.密谋;图谋;阴谋;(conspire的过去分词和过去式) assassinate:vt.暗杀;行刺;
In May of 1250, with the support of the mamaleek military, 西元 1250 年 5 月, 在其军队的支持下,
Shajar Al-Durr was inaugurated as Sultana of Egypt. 莎哈尔?杜尔正式成为埃及的女苏丹。
Days later, she negotiated the ransom of the French king and his army in exchange for an enormous sum of money and the surrender of the occupied port city. 在几天后,她就法国国王 与其军队的赎金进行谈判, 得到了巨额财富, 并取回被占领的港口城市。
In spite of her success leading Egypt through this military crisis , she had to work to cement her credibility in the eyes of the public. 即使她成功带领埃及 度过此一军事危机, 她仍然需要在群众眼中 加强自己可信任的形象。
inaugurated:v.开始;开幕(inaugurate的过去分词);使正式就任; negotiated:adj.商谈的;v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式); ransom:n.赎金;v.(为某人)交付赎金; in exchange for:作为…的交换; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; surrender:v.投降;(被迫)放弃,交出;n.投降;屈服;屈从;放弃,交出 occupied:adj.被占领的; v.占用; (occupy的过去分词和过去式) In spite of:尽管;不管,不顾; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合; credibility:n.可信性;确实性;
As a formerly enslaved person, her rise to power wasn’t linked to royal ancestry , while as a woman, societal restrictions prevented her from participating in many of the events a sultan would typically attend. 作为前奴隶, 她的权力提升与王室血统无关, 而作为一个女人, 社会的束缚使她无法参加 许多苏丹应当出席的场合。
To increase her visibility and solidify her claim to the throne, she constructed a public mausoleum for her husband, issued the currency under her name, and signed decrees as Walidat Khalil, the mother of Khalil. 为了提高她的能见度, 并稳固她继承王位的正当性, 她为丈夫建造了一个公共陵墓, 以自己的名义发行货币, 意思是「卡利尔之母」。
formerly:adv.以前;原来; royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; ancestry:n.祖先;血统; societal:adj.社会的; restrictions:n.限制规定;限制;约束;制约因素;(restriction的复数) participating:v.参加;参与(participate的现在分词) typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; visibility:n.可见性;能见度;能见距离 solidify:vt.团结;凝固;vi.团结;凝固; constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) mausoleum:n.陵墓;阴森森的大厦; issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式) currency:n.货币;通货;
Unfortunately , the sultanate’s premier religious authority , the caliph of Baghdad , still objected to having a woman rule. 不幸的是,苏丹领土的首要宗教掌权者 巴格达的哈里发, 仍拒绝让一个女人掌权。
Under threat of revolt , 在反叛的威胁下,
Shajar Al-Durr married on the condition that her new husband must divorce his first wife. 莎哈尔?杜尔在这个条件下再婚了: 新的丈夫必须和其首任妻子离婚。
Shajar Al-Durr intended to maintain her status as supreme ruler. 莎哈尔?杜尔有意维持 她作为最高统治者的地位。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; premier:adj.第一的;最初的;n.总理,首相; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; authority:n.权威;权力;当局; caliph:n.哈里发(伊斯兰教主); Baghdad:n.巴格达(伊拉克首都); revolt:v.反抗;叛逆;违抗;使惊骇;n.叛乱;起义;违抗; divorce:n.离婚;分离;v.与某人离婚;使分离; intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见); status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; supreme:adj.最高的;至高的;最重要的;n.至高;霸权;
Her new husband threatened to undermine her rule by arranging a political marriage between himself and a princess from Mosul . 她的新丈夫藉由规划 与摩苏尔公主的政治婚姻, 来威胁削弱她的统治,
So Shajar Al-Durr ordered his assassination . 因此莎哈尔?杜尔下令暗杀他。
The news reached his first wife, who successfully plotted to murder the Sultana. 这个消息传到了他首任妻子的耳里, 而她成功地策画这位女苏丹的死亡。
Shajar Al-Durr’s killers threw her body from the Cairo citadel . 杀掉莎哈尔?杜尔的杀手们 将其遗体从开罗城上丢下去。
undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基; arranging:v.安排;筹备;整理;排列;(arrange的现在分词) princess:n.王妃;(除女王或王后外的)王室女成员;(尤指)公主;王公贵族夫人; Mosul:n.摩苏尔(伊拉克北部城市); assassination:n.暗杀,行刺; plotted:v.密谋;暗中策划;标出;绘制(图表);(plot的过去分词和过去式) Cairo:开罗(埃及首都) citadel:n.城堡;大本营;避难处;
Shajar Al-Durr left no personal writings , but her legacy was lasting. 她没有留下任何私人书信, 但她的遗产仍永垂不朽。
Before her death, she built her own mausoleum with a madrasa , garden, public shower, and palace, decorated with her signature tree of pearls to remind Egyptians who made it. 在她死亡之前就已建好了自己的陵墓, 有着伊斯兰教学校、花园、 公众浴堂,还有一座宫殿, 都以她名字寓意的珍珠之树作为装饰, 让埃及人都记得, 她才是这个陵墓的建造者。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; writings:n.作品,篇章(writing的复数形式); legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; madrasa:n.马德拉塞;伊斯兰学校;宗教院校; decorated:v.装饰;装潢;粉刷;点缀;装点;(decorate的过去分词和过去式) remind:v.提醒;使想起; Egyptians:n.埃及人;埃及语;(Egyptian的复数)