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AaronHuey_2010X-_沦为战俘的美国原驻民_
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I'm here today to show my photographs of the Lakota. |
今天,我给大家展示我拍摄的拉科塔人照片。 |
Many of you may have heard of the Lakota, or at least the larger group of tribes called the Sioux . |
拉科塔人对于在座的许多人应该不陌生了, 至少也听说过他们所属的部落 苏族。 |
Sioux:adj.苏人的;苏语的;n.苏族(印第安人的一族,自称达科他Dakota族);
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The Lakota are one of many tribes that were moved off their land to prisoner of war camps now called reservations . |
拉科塔人是众多被迫离开家园的一支印第安人。 他们沦为战俘,被驱赶到集中营里, 也就是所谓的保留地。 |
prisoner of war:n.战俘;俘虏; reservations:n.保留;预定(reservation的复数形式);
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The Pine Ridge Reservation, the subject of today's slide show, is located about 75 miles southeast of the Black Hills in South Dakota . |
松岭印地安人保留地, 就是今天图片展的主题, 它位于南达科他州黑岗 东南方向75英里处。 |
Pine:n.松木;松树;vi.难过,悲伤 Ridge:n.山脊;山脉;屋脊;vt.使成脊状;作垄;vi.成脊状; located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) southeast:adj.东南的;来自东南的;n.东南;东南地区;adv.来自东南; Dakota:n.达科他(美国过去一地区名,现分为南,北达科他州);adj.达科他人的;
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It is sometimes referred to as Prisoner of War Camp Number 334, and it is where the Lakota now live. |
它的别名是 334号战俘集中营。 这里就是现在拉科塔人的居住地。 |
referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词)
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Now, if any of you have ever heard of AIM, the American Indian Movement, or of Russell Means, or Leonard Peltier, or of the stand-off at Oglala, then you know that Pine Ridge is ground zero for Native issues in the U.S. |
如果你们有人听说过AIM, 也就是美国印第安人运动(American Indian Movement), 或者拉塞尔. 米恩斯, 里奥纳德. 皮尔帝尔, 奥加拉拉对峙事件, 那么你肯定知道,在美国,松岭保留地 就是印第安人问题集中地带。 |
stand-off:n.平衡;冷淡;支座绝缘子; ground zero:"爆心投影点"组织;着地点; Native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
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So I've been asked to talk a little bit today about my relationship with the Lakota, and that's a very difficult one for me. |
今天,我应邀在此简单介绍 我和拉科塔人之间的不解之缘, 对于我而言,这相当难能可贵。 |
Because, if you haven't noticed from my skin color, |
因为,你们如果注意到我的肤色, |
I'm white, and that is a huge barrier on a Native reservation. |
就知道我是白人, 这在印第安人保留地是一大禁忌。 |
barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
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You'll see a lot of people in my photographs today, and I've become very close with them, and they've welcomed me like family. |
今天展示的照片中有形形色色的人, 我有幸成为他们的朋友,他们待我如亲人一般。 |
They've called me "brother" and "uncle" |
他们亲切地和我以兄弟叔父相称, |
and invited me again and again over five years. |
在过去的五年里一次又一次请我上门作客。 |
again and again:adv.再三地,反复地;
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But on Pine Ridge, |
尽管如此,在松岭, |
I will always be what is called "wasichu," |
我永远被视为“wasichu”, |
and "wasichu" is a Lakota word that means "non-Indian," |
“wasichu”是拉科塔语, 意思是非印第安人, |
but another version of this word means "the one who takes the best meat for himself." |
而这个词还有另一个含义, 意思是“抢走上等好肉的人”。 |
And that's what I want to focus on -- the one who takes the best part of the meat. |
这就是我今天的主题 -- 抢走上等好肉的人。 |
It means greedy . |
这意味着贪婪。 |
greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的;
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So take a look around this auditorium today. |
大家四下看看。 |
auditorium:n.礼堂,会堂;观众席;
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We are at a private school in the American West, sitting in red velvet chairs with money in our pockets. |
我们身处美国西部一所私立学校里, 坐在红色丝绒的椅子上, 荷包鼓鼓。 |
private school:n.私立学校;私立中小学; velvet:n.天鹅绒,丝绒;天鹅绒似的东西;adj.天鹅绒的;
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And if we look at our lives, we have indeed taken the best part of the meat. |
如果我们反恭自省, 就不难发现, 我们的确抢走了上等好肉。 |
So let's look today at a set of photographs of a people who lost so that we could gain, and know that when you see these people's faces that these are not just images of the Lakota; they stand for all indigenous people. |
我们来好好看看这些图片, 看看我们如何夺走了 本属于另外一群人的生活。 不仅如此,当看到这些人的脸时, 你知道他们不仅代表了拉科塔人。 还代表了所有印第安土著人。 |
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的;
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On this piece of paper is the history the way I learned it from my Lakota friends and family. |
这张纸上, 记录着我从拉科塔朋友和家人那里 学到的历史。 |
The following is a time-line of treaties made, treaties broken and massacres disguised as battles. |
下面是一组大事年表, 记录了那些被撕毁了的协约 和一些看似战斗实为屠杀的事件。 |
treaties:n.条约;协定问题(treaty的复数); massacres:n.屠杀;残杀;惨败;v.屠杀;杀戮;使惨败;(massacre的第三人称单数和复数) disguised:v.假扮;装扮;伪装;掩蔽;掩饰(disguise的过去分词和过去式)
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I'll begin in 1824. |
我从1824年讲起。 |
What is known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created within the War Department, setting an early tone of aggression in our dealings with the Native Americans. |
“印第安事务管理局 实为美国陆军部下属部门 一开始就在对待美国原驻民事务上 充满敌意。 |
Bureau:n.局,处;衣柜;办公桌; tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调: aggression:n.侵略;侵犯;攻击性;好斗情绪; dealings:n.交易;来往;
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1851: |
1851年: |
The first treaty of Fort Laramie was made, clearly marking the boundaries of the Lakota Nation. |
第一次《拉勒米堡条约》, 明确划定了拉科塔人的领土分界线。 |
treaty:n.条约,协议;谈判; Fort:n.堡垒;要塞;(美)边界贸易站;v.设要塞保卫;构筑要塞; boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
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According to the treaty, those lands are a sovereign nation. |
根据条约, 分界线以内的土地构成一个主权国家。 |
According to:根据,据说; sovereign:adj.至高无上的; n.君主;
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If the boundaries of this treaty had held -- and there is a legal basis that they should -- then this is what the U.S. would look like today. |
如果遵照法律, 条约保留至今, 那么这才是美国今天的模样。 |
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;
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10 years later, the Homestead Act, signed by President Lincoln, unleashed a flood of white settlers into Native lands. |
十年以后, 由林肯总统亲自签署的《公地放领法》 放任白人殖民者蜂拥闯入原驻民领地。 |
Homestead:n.宅地;家园;田产; unleashed:v.发泄;突然释放;使爆发(unleash的过去分词和过去式) settlers:n.移民;殖民者;(settler的复数)
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1863: |
1863年: |
An uprising of Santee Sioux in Minnesota ends with the hanging of 38 Sioux men, the largest mass execution in U.S. history. |
明尼苏达州发生苏族的支部桑蒂人起义, 结果38名苏人被绞死, 这成为美国历史上最大规模的绞刑。 |
uprising:n.起义;升起;adj.升起的;v.起义(uprise的ing形式);升起; Minnesota:n.明尼苏达州(美国中北部洲); execution:n.执行,实行;完成;死刑;
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The execution was ordered by President Lincoln only two days after he signed the Emancipation Proclamation . |
下令行刑的正是林肯总统, 而就在两天前, 他刚刚签署了《解放奴隶宣言》。 |
Emancipation:n.解放;释放; Proclamation:n.公告;宣布;宣告;公布;
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1866: the beginning of the transcontinental railroad -- a new era . |
1866年,跨大陆铁路开始动工 -- 新时代开始了。 |
transcontinental:adj.横贯大陆的;大陆那边的; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
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We appropriated land for trails and trains to shortcut through the heart of the Lakota Nation. |
为了优化铁路路线, 我们抄捷径直穿拉科塔腹地。 |
appropriated:v.挪用;拨款;把…据为己有;顺手牵羊(appropriate的过去式); trails:n.山径;踪迹(trail的复数)vt.拖尾(trail的第三人称单数); shortcut:n.近路;捷径;快捷方式(图标);
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The treaties were out the window. |
所有条约都被束之高阁。 |
In response , three tribes led by the Lakota chief Red Cloud attacked and defeated the U.S. army many times over. |
拉科达酋长红云率领的三个部落进行反击, 他们攻打并屡次战胜了美国军队。 |
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
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I want to repeat that part. |
我想再强调一遍。 |
The Lakota defeat the U.S. army. |
拉科塔人战胜了美国军队。 |
1868: The second Fort Laramie Treaty clearly guarantees the sovereignty of the Great Sioux Nation and the Lakotas' ownership of the sacred Black Hills. |
1868年:第二次《拉勒米堡条约》 清清楚楚地承诺保证苏族的主权地位 并承认神圣的黑岗为拉科塔所有。 |
guarantees:v.保证(guarantee的第三人称单数); n.保证,[法]担保; sovereignty:n.主权;主权国家;君主;独立国;
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The government also promises land and hunting rights in the surrounding states. |
政府另外还承诺他们在其领地周围各州 享有土地和狩猎权。 |
We promise that the Powder River country will henceforth be closed to all whites. |
我们承诺白人一律不许踏入 属于印第安人的粉河地带。 |
Powder:n.粉末;细面;扑面粉;美容粉;v.傅粉;抹粉; henceforth:adv.今后;自此以后;
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The treaty seemed to be a complete victory for Red Cloud and the Sioux. |
这个条约表面上是红云酋长 以及苏人的完胜。 |
I fact, this is the only war in American history in which the government negotiated a peace by conceding everything demanded by the enemy. |
而实质上,这是美国历史上 政府唯一一次为了停战 而完全屈从于敌人的要求。 |
negotiated:adj.商谈的;v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式); conceding:v.弃权让步(concede的ing形式);
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1869: |
1869年: |
The transcontinental railroad was completed. |
跨大陆铁路竣工。 |
It began carrying, among other things, a large number of hunters who began the wholesale killing of buffalo , eliminating a source of food and clothing and shelter for the Sioux. |
成千上万的猎户搭着火车来到苏人的领地, 他们开始成批地捕杀野牛, 使得苏人赖以生存的生活资料来源濒临灭绝。 |
wholesale:n.批发; v.大量地,大批地; v.批发; adj.批发的; buffalo:n.[畜牧][脊椎]水牛;[脊椎]野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克; eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词) source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
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1871: |
1871年: |
The Indian Appropriation Act makes all Indians wards of the federal government. |
印第安人拨款法案 让所有印第安人都受到联邦政府的管辖。 |
Appropriation:n.拨款;挪用; wards:n.[医]病房(ward的复数); v.守卫; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
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In addition , the military issued orders forbidding western Indians from leaving reservations. |
不仅如此,美国军队下令 禁止西部的印第安人离开保留地。 |
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; issued:v.宣布;公布;发出;将…诉诸法律;(issue的过去分词和过去式) forbidding:adj.令人生畏的;严峻的;险恶的;v.禁止;不准;(forbid的现在分词)
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All western Indians at that point in time were now prisoners of war. |
从此以后,所有西部印第安人 都成为了战后囚徒。 |
Also in 1871, we ended the time of treaty-making. |
另外,1871年, 我们停止制定条约。 |
The problem with treaties is they allow tribes to exist as sovereign nations, and we can't have that. |
条约只会允许印第安部落享有主权, 但我们不能接受。 |
We had plans. |
我们自有对策。 |
1874: |
1874年: |
General George Custer announced the discovery of gold in Lakota territory , specifically the Black Hills. |
乔治. 卡斯特将军宣布在拉科塔地区发现了金矿, 具体位置就在黑岗。 |
Custer:n.除尘器,撒粉器; territory:n.领土,领域;范围;地域;版图; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
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The news of gold creates a massive influx of white settlers into Lakota Nation. |
这一消息引得白人移民者蜂拥 闯入拉科塔领地。 |
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; influx:n.流入;汇集;河流的汇集处;
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Custer recommends that Congress find a way to end the treaties with the Lakota as soon as possible. |
卡斯特向国会提议 尽快解除 与拉科塔人定下的条约。 |
recommends:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎;(recommend的第三人称单数) Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; as soon as:一…就;
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1875: The Lakota war begins over the violation of the Fort Laramie Treaty. |
1875年:美国撕毁《拉勒米堡条约》, 拉科达战争爆发。 |
violation:n.违反;妨碍,侵害;违背;强奸;
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1876: |
1876年: |
On July 26th on its way to attack a Lakota village, |
7月26日 卡斯特将军率领的第七骑兵 |
Custer's 7th Cavalry was crushed at the battle of Little Big Horn . |
在攻打一个拉科塔村庄时全军覆没, 这就是著名的小盘羊战役。 |
Cavalry:n.骑兵;装甲兵;装甲部队; crushed:v.压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的过去分词和过去式) Horn:n.喇叭,号角;角;v.装角于;
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1877: |
1877年: |
The great Lakota warrior and chief named Crazy Horse surrendered at Fort Robinson. |
伟大的拉科达勇士疯马酋长 于罗宾逊堡投降。 |
warrior:n.勇士; surrendered:v.投降;(被迫)放弃,交出(surrender的过去分词和过去式)
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He was later killed while in custody . |
他之后在关押期间被杀害。 |
custody:n.保管;监护;拘留;抚养权;
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1877 is also the year we found a way to get around the Fort Laramie Treaties. |
1877年,我们成功地 解除了所有《拉勒米堡条约》。 |
get around:到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面;
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A new agreement was presented to Sioux chiefs and their leading men under a campaign known as "sell or starve:" |
一项新协议摆在了苏人各部酋长以及他们副手的面前, 这次运动被称为“不卖地就饿死”。 |
Sign the paper, or no food for your tribe . |
要么在协议上签字,要么你的部落就等着挨饿。 |
tribe:n.部落;族;宗族;一伙;
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Only 10 percent of the adult male population signed. |
只有百分之十的成年男子签了字。 |
The Fort Laramie Treaty called for at least three-quarters of the tribe to sign away land. |
《拉勒米堡条约》 要求一个部落中至少四分之三的人签字同意 才能出让土地。 |
three-quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三;
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That clause was obviously ignored . |
这一条款很显然已经被忽略不计了。 |
clause:n.子句;从句;分句;(法律文件的)条款; ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
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1887: The Dawes Act. |
1887:《道斯法案》。 |
Dawes:n.道斯(美国律师及财政家,曾任美国副总统);
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Communal ownership of reservation lands ends. |
保留地公有的时代就此终结。 |
Communal:adj.公共的;公社的;
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Reservations are cut up into 160-acre sections and distributed to individual Indians with the surplus disposed of. |
保留地被分割成块,每块地为160英亩, 分配给每个印第安人 剩余的部分则被割走。 |
distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; surplus:n.剩余;[贸易]顺差;盈余;过剩;adj.剩余的;过剩的; disposed:adj.乐意; v.排列; (dispose的过去分词和过去式)
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Tribes lost millions of acres. |
印第安部落损失了上百万英亩土地。 |
The American dream of individual land ownership turned out to be a very clever way to divide the reservation until nothing was left. |
美国人为了实现 就不择手段 将保留地瓜分待尽。 |
American dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
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The move destroyed the reservations, making it easier to further subdivide and to sell with every passing generation. |
保留地遭到毁灭性打击, 变得更容易让下一代人 进一步瓜分。 |
subdivide:vi.细分,再分;vt.把…再分,把…细分;
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Most of the surplus land and many of the plots within reservation boundaries are now in the hands of white ranchers . |
那些瓜分剩下的土地 以及许多保留地内的地块 现在都成了白人农场主的囊中之物。 |
plots:n.情节; v.划分; in the hands of:由…掌握;在…掌握中; ranchers:n.大农场经营者;大农场工人;
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Once again, the fat of the land goes to wasichu. |
最肥沃的土地在一次落到了wasichu(抢走上等好肉之人)。 |
1890, a date I believe to be the most important in this slide show. |
1890年,我认为是幻灯片上 最重要的一个日期。 |
This is the year of the Wounded Knee Massacre. |
就在这一年,“伤膝河惨案”发生了。 |
Wounded:adj.受伤的; n.伤员; v.使受伤; (wound的过去分词和过去式)
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On December 29th, |
12月29日, |
U.S. troops surrounded a Sioux encampment at Wounded Knee Creek and massacred Chief Big Foot and 300 prisoners of war, using a new rapid-fire weapon that fired exploding shells called a Hotchkiss gun. |
美国军队包围了苏人驻扎在伤膝河的营地, 并在那里屠杀了“大脚”酋长 以及其他300多名战俘, 他们使用的是一种能够进行扫射的 新式武器 - 机关枪。 |
encampment:n.营地;露营; Creek:n.小溪;小湾; massacred:vt.残杀;彻底击败;n.大屠杀;惨败; rapid-fire:adj.速射的;急速的; exploding:v.爆炸;爆裂;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险);(explode的现在分词) shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数)
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For this so-called "battle," |
为了这场所谓的战役, |
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的;
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20 Congressional Medals of Honor for Valor were given to the 7th Cavalry. |
国会将20枚荣誉勋章 授予了第七骑兵团以表彰他们的骁勇善战。 |
Congressional:adj.国会的;会议的;议会的; Valor:n.英勇;勇猛(等于valour);
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To this day , this is the most Medals of Honor ever awarded for a single battle. |
直到今天, 这是历史上国会授予最多荣誉勋章的 单次战役。 |
To this day:至今;
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More Medals of Honor were given for the indiscriminate slaughter of women and children than for any battle in World War One, |
这一次对无辜妇女儿童的残酷屠杀 所获得的荣誉勋章 多于第一次世界大战, |
indiscriminate:adj.任意的;无差别的;不分皂白的; slaughter:vt.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;使惨败;n.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;消灭;
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World War Two, |
第二次世界大战, |
Korea, Vietnam, |
朝鲜战争,越南战争, |
Iraq or Afghanistan . |
伊拉克战争或阿富汗战争中的任何一次战役。 |
Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲);
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The Wounded Knee massacre is considered the end of the Indian wars. |
“伤膝河惨案” 标志了印第安战争的结束。 |
Whenever I visit the site of the mass grave at Wounded Knee, |
每一次 去伤膝河公墓, |
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; grave:adj.重大的;严肃的;黯淡的;n.墓穴,坟墓;死亡;v.雕刻;铭记;
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I see it not just as a grave for the Lakota or for the Sioux, but as a grave for all indigenous peoples. |
我看到的 不仅仅是拉科塔人或苏人的坟墓, 而是所有原住民的坟墓。 |
The holy man, Black Elk, said, "I did not know then how much was ended. |
印第安圣人黑麋鹿曾说: “我不知道当时 死了多少人。 |
When I look back now from this high hill of my old age, |
每当回首 那座饱经沧桑的高山, |
I can still see the butchered women and children lying heaped and scattered all along the crooked gulch as plain as when I saw them with eyes still young. |
沿着那条蜿蜒的小河 我依然能看见那些妇女儿童, 尸横遍地, 这和我年轻时亲见的场景 一般清晰。 |
butchered:v.屠杀;杀戮;弄砸;(butcher的过去分词和过去式) scattered:adj.零散的; v.撒; (scatter的过去分词和过去式) crooked:adj.扭曲的;弯曲的;不直的;v.(手指或手臂)弯曲;(crook的过去分词和过去式) gulch:n.峡谷;冲沟;干谷峡谷;
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And I can see that something else died there in the bloody mud and was buried in the blizzard : |
我能看到在那鲜血染红的泥土中还有另一样东西也被扼杀了, 最后被暴风雪所埋葬。 |
bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; blizzard:n.暴风雪,大风雪;大打击;vi.下暴风雪;
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A people's dream died there, and it was a beautiful dream." |
一个民族的梦想在那里破灭了, 那曾是个多么美好的梦想。” |
With this event, a new era in Native American history began. |
事件发生以后, 美国原驻民的历史进入了新的篇章。 |
Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
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Everything can be measured before Wounded Knee and after. |
“伤膝河惨案” 发生之前, 一切都是可以衡量的。 |
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
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Because it was in this moment with the fingers on the triggers of the Hotchkiss guns that the U.S. government openly declared its position on Native rights. |
因为现在美国政府 一边做出扣动扳机的姿态, 一边吆喝着原住民的基本权利掌握在政府手里。 |
triggers:n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数);v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆;
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They were tired of treaties. |
他们厌倦了条约。 |
They were tired of sacred hills. |
厌倦了圣山。 |
They were tired of ghost dances. |
厌倦了鬼舞。 |
ghost:n.鬼,幽灵;v.作祟于;替…捉刀;为人代笔;
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And they were tired of all the inconveniences of the Sioux. |
他们厌倦了苏人给他们带来的种种不便。 |
inconveniences:n.不便;麻烦;vt.麻烦;打扰;
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So they brought out their cannons . |
于是他们搬出了大炮。 |
cannons:n.大炮; v.炮击;
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'"You want to be an Indian now?" they said, finger on the trigger. |
要挟着:“你们还做印第安人是吗?” 接着扣动扳机。 |
1900: the U.S. Indian population reached its low point -- less than 250,000, compared to an estimated eight million in 1492. |
1900年: 美国原驻民人口跌至历史最低点 - 不足二十五万人, 远远少于1492年的 八百万人。 |
low point:n.最无趣的部分;最差的部分; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
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Fast-forward . |
时光飞逝。 |
Fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
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1980: |
1980年: |
The longest running court case in U.S. history, the Sioux Nation v. the United States, was ruled upon by the U.S. Supreme Court . |
美国历史上耗时最长的官司 在苏族和美国政府之间展开, 然而美国最高法院操控了案件的审判。 |
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) Supreme Court:最高法院;
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The court determined that, when the Sioux were resettled onto reservations and seven million acres of their land were opened up to prospectors and homesteaders , the terms of the second Fort Laramie Treaty had been violated . |
法院决定,苏人重整保留地, 允许将七百万英亩土地 开放给探矿者和自耕农。 这些决议违反了 第二次《拉勒米堡条约》。 |
determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) resettled:vi.重新定居;vt.使重新定居; prospectors:n.[地质]勘探者;探矿者(prospector的复数形式); homesteaders:n.农场所有人;分得土地之定居者;自耕农; violated:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等); (violate的过去分词和过去式)
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The court stated that the Black Hills were illegally taken and that the initial offering price plus interest should be paid to the Sioux Nation. |
法院陈述说 黑岗是被非法占有的, 政府应当连本带息 向苏族买下黑岗。 |
illegally:adv.非法地; initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于;
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As payment for the Black Hills, the court awarded only 106 million dollars to the Sioux Nation. |
为买下黑岗, 法院只承诺给苏族 区区一亿零六百万美元。 |
payment:n.付款;支付;收款;款项;报答;
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The Sioux refused the money with the rallying cry , "The Black Hills are not for sale." |
苏人集体抗议,拒绝收钱, 他们呐喊,“决不卖黑岗”。 |
rallying cry:n.(团结众人的)战斗口号;
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2010: |
2010年: |
Statistics about Native population today, more than a century after the massacre at Wounded Knee, reveal the legacy of colonization , forced migration and treaty violations . |
今天关于原住民的数据显示, 伤膝河惨案过了一个多世纪之后, 殖民地化,强制搬迁, 违反条约等活动所产生的后遗症 逐渐暴露。 |
Statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数) reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; colonization:n.殖民;殖民地化; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居; violations:n.违反,妨碍;违规或不雅行为(violation的复数形式);
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Unemployment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation fluctuates between 85 and 90 percent. |
松岭印第安人保留地的失业率 一直高达百分之八十五甚至百分之九十。 |
Unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; fluctuates:vi.波动;涨落;动摇;vt.使波动;使动摇;
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The housing office is unable to build new structures , and existing structures are falling apart. |
房屋事务管理部门无力建设新的基础设施, 而现存的设施却在渐渐崩塌。 |
structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
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Many are homeless, and those with homes are packed into rotting buildings with up to five families. |
不少人流离失所, 即使一些人有家,他们也只能勉强在危楼里, 五个家庭挤在一起生活。 |
39 percent of homes on Pine Ridge have no electricity . |
在松岭,百分之三十九的住房 没有通电。 |
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
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At least 60 percent of the homes on the reservation are infested with black mold . |
百分之六十以上的住房 发了霉。 |
infested:v.大量滋生;大批出没于;(infest的过去分词和过去式) mold:n.模具;模型;霉菌;类型;v.用可塑材料塑成;浇铸;发霉;
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More than 90 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty line . |
超过百分之九十的人口 生活在国家贫困线以下。 |
poverty line:n.贫困线(政府规定维持最低生活水平所需的收入标准);
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The tuberculosis rate on Pine Ridge is approximately eight times higher than the U.S. national average. |
松岭地区的肺结核患病率 大约比全国平均患病率高八成。 |
tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病; approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于;
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The infant mortality rate is the highest on this continent and is about three times higher than the U.S. national average. |
婴儿死亡率 为北美洲之首, 比全国平均婴儿死亡率高出三成。 |
infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
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Cervical cancer is five times higher than the U.S. national average. |
宫颈癌患病率 比全国平均值高五倍。 |
Cervical:adj.颈的;子宫颈的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
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School dropout rate is up to 70 percent. |
辍学率高达百分之七十。 |
dropout:n.退学学生;脱落;信号失落;
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Teacher turnover is eight times higher than the U.S. national average. |
教师调动频繁, 比全国平均值高出八成。 |
turnover:n.翻覆;[贸易]营业额;流通量;半圆卷饼;失误;adj.翻过来的;可翻转的;
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Frequently , grandparents are raising their grandchildren because parents, due to alcoholism , domestic violence and general apathy , cannot raise them. |
孩子通常由他们的祖父祖母抚养, 因为他们的父母由于酗酒, 家庭暴力和对子女的冷漠态度, 而无法承担抚养责任。 |
Frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次; alcoholism:n.酗酒;[内科]酒精中毒; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲; apathy:n.冷漠,无兴趣,漠不关心;无感情;
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50 percent of the population over the age of 40 suffers from diabetes . |
年龄在四十岁以上的人群中有百分之五十 患有糖尿病。 |
diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
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The life expectancy for men is between 46 and 48 years old -- roughly the same as in Afghanistan and Somalia. |
男性的寿命平均在 46岁 到48岁- 基本上堪比 阿富汗和索马里亚的情况。 |
life expectancy:预期寿命; roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
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The last chapter in any successful genocide is the one in which the oppressor can remove their hands and say, "My God, what are these people doing to themselves? |
每一次种族屠杀的结局都一样, 屠杀者 丢下屠刀,说: “天啊,这些人对自己都干了什么? |
genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀; oppressor:n.压迫者;残暴的统治者;暴君;
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They're killing each other. |
他们自相残杀。 |
They're killing themselves while we watch them die." |
自取灭亡。 我们只能在一边看着。” |
This is how we came to own these United States. |
我们就是这样建立起美利坚合众国的。 |
This is the legacy of manifest destiny . |
这是命定扩张论 所衍生的后遗症。 |
manifest:v.表明;显现;使人注意到;adj.明显的;显而易见的;n.旅客名单; destiny:n.命运,定数,天命;
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Prisoners are still born into prisoner-of-war camps long after the guards are gone. |
虽然监狱看守早已不在了, 在这个战争集中营里, 仍然不停地有新的战俘诞生。 |
These are the bones left after the best meat has been taken. |
好肉都被瓜分干净了, 剩下的只有骨头。 |
A long time ago, a series of events was set in motion by a people who look like me, by wasichu, eager to take the land and the water and the gold in the hills. |
很久以前, 一群和我拥有同样肤色的人,也就是wasichu, 因为觊觎黑岗的土地, 水资源,以及金子, 而发动了一系列抢掠行动。 |
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势;
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Those events led to a domino effect that has yet to end. |
这些行动产生的连锁效应, 至今未停。 |
domino effect:n.多米诺(骨牌)效应;连锁反应;
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As removed as we the dominant society may feel from a massacre in 1890, or a series of broken treaties 150 years ago, |
尽管现在我们作为主导的这个社会 与1890年的大屠杀 以及150年前撕毁的条约相隔甚远, |
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
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I still have to ask you the question, how should you feel about the statistics of today? |
我仍然要问你们: 对于今天的数据,你们做何感想? |
What is the connection between these images of suffering and the history that I just read to you? |
这些印第安人受苦的照片 和我刚才所念的历史事件 有什么关联呢? |
And how much of this history do you need to own, even? |
你们对这些历史事件 应付多少责任? |
Is any of this your responsibility today? |
你们是否对这些历史事件负责? |
I have been told that there must be something we can do. |
有人告诉我说我们肯定能做些什么。 |
There must be some call to action. |
我需要号召大家行动起来, |
Because for so long I've been standing on the sidelines content to be a witness , just taking photographs. |
因为我花了太长时间站在一旁 满足于作个旁观者, 能做的只是拍拍照片。 |
standing on the sidelines:隔岸观火; content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证;
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Because the solution seems so far in the past, |
还因为时过境迁,时局已无法挽回, |
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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I needed nothing short of a time machine to access them. |
我只有使用时间机器 才能回到过去。 |
time machine:n.时间机器;
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The suffering of indigenous peoples is not a simple issue to fix. |
原住民的痛苦生活 不是一天两天就能够得到改善的。 |
It's not something everyone can get behind the way they get behind helping Haiti , or ending AIDS, or fighting a famine . |
人们不能像拖延援助海地, 抗击艾滋病,或赈济饥荒那样 拖延对原住民的帮助。 |
get behind:支持;落后;识破; Haiti:n.海地; famine:n.饥荒;
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The "fix," as it's called, may be much more difficult for the dominant society than, say, a $50 check or a church trip to paint some graffiti-covered houses, or a suburban family donating a box of clothes they don't even want anymore. |
帮助他们的方法 对于主流社会而言可不简单, 它不是一张五十美元的支票, 不像教会组织 帮助粉刷被涂鸦的房子, 也不是像一个市郊家庭 把他们不要的旧衣服捐出来那么简单。 |
suburban:adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的;n.郊区居民; donating:v.捐赠,赠送;(donate的现在分词)
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So where does that leave us? |
我们到底应该怎么做? |
Shrugging our shoulders in the dark? |
只能无奈地耸耸肩吗? |
Shrugging:v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);(shrug的现在分词)
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The United States continues on a daily basis to violate the terms of the 1851 and 1868 |
美国政府 至今 仍在违反 1851年和1868年的条约。 |
Fort Laramie Treaties with the Lakota. |
也就是和拉科塔人签订的两次《拉勒米堡条约》。 |
The call to action I offer today -- my TED wish -- is this: |
我今天想告诉大家- 我的TED心愿是- |
Honor the treaties. |
请你们遵守条约, |
Give back the Black Hills. |
归还黑岗, |
It's not your business what they do with them. |
印第安人想怎样利用那些山,你们无权过问。 |
(Applause) |
(众人鼓掌) |